growth, and pinch back in August to mature 
and ripen the wood. 2. It can be grafted by 
splice grafting with difficulty. Will do better 
usually by what is called annular budding. 
Look to the South for winter varieties of 
fruit for keepers in your vicinity. The Rom¬ 
an Stem, Cooper’s Market (Redling), Pen- 
nock, Turn-off-Lane, Southern Red Limber- 
Twig and others of that class will be fair keep¬ 
ers in your section. 4. '• he varieties in the 
list are found to be of little practica l value to 
the orchards in situations like yours. Rome 
Beauty does tiuely in Ohio, but it would fail 
as a keeper. Lawver is a good keeper; it has 
not been tested us yet satisfactorily. The 
same can be said of Langford, and also Gibbs 
and Mead’s Keeper. The latter is small in 
size and of a poor color. Grimes’s Golden will 
fail with you as the Baldwin does. The York 
Imperial will ripen too early. The Lambert 
is new and its merits, if any, are not known. 
The Ben Davis is an apple of fair quality at 
least, but it is a great bearer, and while many 
would fall and rot, many would keep and 
prove valuable for market if not for home 
use. 
GETTING RID OF HOUSE SLOPS. 
./. W. T., Staunton, Va .—What is a good 
plan to get rid of house slops? I am thinking 
of laying a draiu from near the kitchen to 
convey the slops to a receiving well in my or- 
The distance is not great and the fall 
My idea is to use, say, a three- 
PRICES OF MILK AND CREAM AT “FACTORIES.” 
./. H. J., Loudon Co ., Va .—What is the av¬ 
erage price paid per 100 pounds of milk by 
the butter and cheese factories? 
ANSWERED BY VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO. 
Ans. —The price varies in different parts of 
the country, while iu some parts, especially 
in the Northwest, cream, not milk, is gathered 
and paid for. Hei-e are the prices, in cents, 
paid the past season in the six factories named 
in each month: 
bed-room. This will be found a great conven¬ 
ience and worth much more than the cost. 
Fig. 72 shows the plan of the second story or 
attic. By carrying the walls on the sides one 
foot above the floor, ami cutting off from each 
side a space of four feet besides thickness of 
the wall, a hight of four-and-one-half feet is 
secured for one side of each room, and the 
space from this point to the coiling joists, 
which should bo put in at the higbt of eight 
foot, can be lathed ami plastered directly upon 
the rafters, or, what would be better, these 
should be sheeted with felt paper and then 
furred out to receive the lathing. As will be 
seen, four nice rooms, each withasmall closet, 
are secured, aud each is entered directly from 
the stair landing. This landing can be lighted 
by a transom window over each door, or, what 
would be better, by a skylight in the roof, 
which should be so constructed as to he used 
as a ventilator in very warm weather. The 
side spaces of four by thirty feet, by having 
doors opening into them, would afford much 
good storage room at very little cost. 
This house may also have a cellar under the 
whole house or only a part, as desired, which 
would give much storage room at little cost. 
In case one is made, it may be reached by a 
stairway directly under that leading above. 
The door is shown iu ground plan. In order 
to have all the room available that could be 
saved, the partitions have been calculated as 
only four inches thick, being made by setting 
two by four studding flatwise and lathing 
plasteriug on each side. This mode of stud¬ 
ding does very well for a house of this hight 
and arrangement of walls. 
There is no question but that 
Maule’s Garden Seeds are unsur¬ 
passed. Their present popularity 
in almost every county in the 
United States shows it. When 
once sown, others are not wanted 
at any price. One quarter of a 
million copies of my new Catalogue 
for 1887 have been already mailed. 
Every one pronounces it the mod orig¬ 
inal and readable Seed Catalogue ever 
published. It contains among other 
things cash prizes for premium 
vegetables, etc,, to the amount of 
$1500, and also beautiful illustra¬ 
tions of over *500 vegetables and 
flowers, (dO being in colors). These 
are only two of many striking fea¬ 
tures. You should not think of 
purchasing any seeds this Spring 
before sending for it. It is mailed 
free to all enclosing stamp for re¬ 
turn postage. Address 
WM. HENRY MAULE, 
1711 Filbert St PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Creamery at Uichford, Vt. paid. 65 68 65 75 imi 115 
•• •• st. Albans, vt, •• to «s 70 fo loo no 
“ “ Westford. Vt. ** 70 65 70 80 100 110 
“ •* Richmond Vt. " 70 60 fiO 70 90 III) 
*• *' Wapping, Ct. “ 1(M 00 94 06 109 138 
“ •• Canton, Ct. p'ti. Dfi 79'^ 79 I 1 MO 4 123% 
The first four factories are what are called 
whole-milk factories, which means that the 
farmers carry or hire their milk carried to the 
factories and must pay for this expense out of 
the above figures, which will reduce the above 
amounts, ou an average, seven cents per 100 
pounds. The last two factories are what are 
knowu as cream-gathering factories. In these 
factories the milk is set at the farm dairies 
aud the cream is raised there. A person 
known as the cream-gatherer, passes around 
among the farmers every day, skims the milk 
and Carries off the cream only, leaving the 
skim-milk to be fed to calves and pigs. The 
figures are the net prices paid to the dairymen, 
the factory paying the expense of collecting 
The last two factories are conducted on the 
Cooley system and have been eminently suc¬ 
cessful. 
EXT It V-HARDY FRUITS. 
H. ,V., Charleroir, Mich, —b What kinds of 
pears, plums, ami cherries are hardy enough to 
stand 80° or 85° below zero? 2. Can tender 
varieties of apples be made hardy by top¬ 
grafting them on hardy varieties; for example, 
if a Baldwin were top-grafted on a Wealthy 
stock would it make a tree as hardy as the 
Wealthy? 
Ans. —L There are no pears, plums or cher¬ 
ries that will endure or survive a temperature 
of 85 degrees below zero frequently recurring, 
as in Minnesota,Wisconsin, Canada, or North¬ 
ern New England. Even a single dip so low 
will greatly iujure the hardiest known varie¬ 
ties of these fruits. The only possible excep¬ 
tions are the uewlv imported Russian fruits, 
such as the Ressemiauka and Sapieganga pears; 
Vladimir cherries (this is a class containing 
mauy varieties) aud also some North German 
cherries, such as the Ostheim, the Griotte du 
Nord, Lieb.BrownBrussells and Double Natte 
The iron-clad plums recently imported from 
Russia by the Iowa Agricultural College are 
not yet distributed, or even definitely named, 
at least in English. The hardiest fruitsof these 
species now in cultivation in America are the 
Flemish Beauty, Onondaga and Clapp’s Favor¬ 
ite Pears: Kentish, Large Montmorency and 
Grand Duke Cherries, and the Moore’s Arctic 
Plum. To the latter may be added a number 
of select native plums, of which the De Soto 
seems to be the most desirable among well 
known varieties. 2. Tender varieties of apples 
survive hard winters somewhat better when 
top-grafted on hardy stocks, but only in a quite 
limited degree. The Baldwin top-grafted on 
a hardy sort, like the Wealthy, can generally 
lie grown 40 or 50 miles further north than 
wheu budded or grafted low, but even thus it 
hardly approaches the cold-resisting power of 
a true iron-clad. 
MAKING CIDER VINEGAR. 
C. P., Lambeth , Canada. —How can good 
cider vinegar be made quickly? 
Ans. —Good cider vinegar can be made 
easily aud quickly if the following directions 
are followed: Wheu the cider is made, save 
the pomace aud put it iu tight barrels or hogs¬ 
heads, with one head out, aud put iu enough 
rain water to cover it. After it has begun to 
ferment, draw off from the bottom all that 
you can, dilute the cider with it. and nearly 
two barrels of vinegar can be made of one of 
eider. Do not fill the barrels iu which the 
Cider is to tie made quite full, as there should 
be a space for air. Leave the bung-hole open, 
but protect it from flies by a covering of wire 
screen or gauze. Put into each barrel one or 
two pounds of bread dough, in the condition 
it is in when your wife is kneading it out iuto 
loaves. Ouee a day, for a few weeks, draw 
out from each barrel a gallon of the cider aud 
jHiur it into the bung-hole, so as to get air into 
it. A quart or two of molasses are recom¬ 
mended as a help, and beech shavings aud 
brown paper are often used to hasten the 
acetic fermentation; but we think the bread 
dough is best. If the vinegar is made in sum¬ 
mer, it may Is* made out-of-doors* but late iu 
the fall it should be in a room where the tem- 
(lerature can be kept up to 70 or 80 degrees by 
stove heat. There is a good demand for eider 
vinegar, aud the making of it will be found 
quite profitable if due attention is given to it 
and an article uniformly good produced. 
chard, 
is sufficient. 
inch terra-cotta pipe,emptyingiuto a reservoir 
about six by eight and four feet deep. The 
“slops” include waste water from clothes wash¬ 
ing, etc. I had thought of using land-plaster 
iu the receiving well as a drier, with a view to 
using the mixture for top-dressing the orchard. 
Is my idea a good one ! 
Ans. —We are afraid of all underground 
sowers which communieato with the house and 
have cess-pools at their mouths, and we have 
adopted the plan of applying all the waste slop 
from our house directly to the lawu and or¬ 
chard where the growing grass and trees at 
once utilize it and render it ii nocuous. We 
find it but little trouble; for, except on wash 
days, there are but a few pailful- of the waste. 
We keep large slop pails stauding convenient 
to the kitcheu door, aud twice a day or as of¬ 
ten as is necessary, they are carried out and 
their contents are poured on the lawn or near 
the root of a shade or fruit tree. On w r ash 
day the tubs are emptied into a barrel at the 
back door and the hired man disposes of the 
stuff in the same way. If you lay a drain we 
would not recommend a well for it to dis¬ 
charge into; but a shallow vat filled with saw¬ 
dust, chaff or some good absorbent,aud would 
use plaster with it and empty it as often as it 
might be uecessary to keep it from becoming 
offensive. If this were done and the pipe had 
a good fall so as to be iu no danger of chok¬ 
ing, and the mouth was kept clear, there 
would probably be no danger of contamina¬ 
tion from it. 
HOME-MADE SUPERPHOSPHATE. 
E. H.. Webb's Mills , .V. V .—I can get bones 
for drawing them; would it pay to dissolve 
them with sulphuric acid? How much would 
be required per ton of bones? What is the best 
way of dissolving them? 
Ans.—I t is very questionable whether it 
will pay to treat whole bones with sulphuric 
acic, for the solubhzing of the acid is slow 
aud at the best imperfect. There Is a differ¬ 
ence of opinion as to whether it is profitable 
to attempt to make one’s own sufierphosphate, 
even with fine boue meal at command, on which 
the action of the acid is soon completed. At 
any rate the bones should be broken and 
crushed as flue as possible with on axe or a 
heavy mallet. About 50 pounds of oil of vit¬ 
riol are first to be weighed out for every 100 
pounds of bone, and then about as much water 
as bone, in weight; put a portion of this 
water, about equal in bulk to that of the acid, 
into a wooden receptacle at least twice us 
large as the uuited bulk of all the materials to 
be mixed, and tuld the oil of vitriol slowly 
and with constant stirring with a paddle. 
Enough of the rest of the water lo thoroughly 
wet the boucs is heated to boiling and j>oured 
over it; so much of the water as is left may be 
added to the dilute-* l ueid. Finally, slowly add 
the bone to the acid, stirring all the time. 
The mass must tie worked over several times 
in the course of three or four weeks with the 
wooden puddle; if then it is still wet, it may 
lie dried somewhat by adding plaster or fine 
dry earth. No irou tools can be used iu doing 
the work unless they are already in such a 
worthless condition that tneir loos will be of no 
account; and great care must betaken that 
the acid does not come in contact with the skin 
or the clothes. The inquirer will probably 
find that composting the bones in the manure 
pile is a more convenient method of reducing 
them to such a condition that they can be ap¬ 
plied to the laud. It would be a great pity, 
certainly, not to utilize them iu some way, 
where they can be had for the drawing. 
MOORE’S EARLY. 
THE BEST EARLY BLACK GRAPE 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS 
Strong vines, 1 year. No. 1,1 year. No 2, and 2 years 
No. 1 at wholesale. Also strong 1 and 3 year vines of 
the Francis B. Hayes, an extra early and hardy white 
grape. Wholesale and Retail. Send for prices. 
(Every query must ho accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attention. Before 
asking a question, plense see If It Is not answered In 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few questions at 
one time. Put questions on a separate piece of paper. 
Concord, Mass 
CHAS. D. M ERWIN, 
SEED <i HOW Ell. 
MII^I*’OKl>. CONN. 
Established 1S50; grows the Best Onion Seed In 
America. White Globe per pound. JS1; Red Globe. >2: 
Large Red Wethersfield. $2; Yellow Globe Danvers. 
£2.50; Yellow Danvers. $2. 
DIFFERENT FLAVORS IN ONE APPLE. 
Subscriber , Copenhagen, .V. Y .—Is there 
such a thing as an apple sour on one side anti 
sweet on the other; or in six or eight sections? 
If there are such apples, are they natural, or 
produced by grafting, budding or some other 
artificial means? If natural, are alI the apples 
on the same tree alike? If artificially pro¬ 
duced, will the fruit always remaiu the same; 
or will it in a few years become uniformly 
either sweot or sour throughout? 
Ans.— Seedling apples have been found in va¬ 
rious places, and iudeed are not very uncom 
mon, of which alternate sections, correspond¬ 
ing with the five divisions of the pericarp, 
differ iu flavor, color and texture. The most 
noticeable of these differences is that of sweet 
aud sour, more or less marked; but not unusu¬ 
ally extreme. On the same tree there may of¬ 
ten be found fruit entirely sour or entirely 
sweet; aud in some trees, or in some seasons, 
this uniformity is more prevalent than diver¬ 
sity, so the owner desirous of exhibiting the 
oddity, will be bothered to find an apple 
which will Illustrate it very plainly, There is 
a superstition, dung to with the usual 
pertinacity of a superstition, that this pecu¬ 
liarity is artificial—the result of budding or 
grafting with two joined half buds or cions, 
from a sweetand a sour tree. The possibility 
of accomplishing this has been both denied 
and affirmed, aud there are reports that it has 
been successfully done, without, however, ob¬ 
taining the expected result. There is no well 
authenticated record, we think. Of the exist¬ 
ence of this peculiarity, except in the fruit of 
seedling trees, or of grafts made from such 
trees. If careful tests were to be made, we 
should bo in no way surprised to learu that 
some difference iu flavor, more or less pro¬ 
nounced, is to he found quite generally be¬ 
tween the principal sections of apples. 
APPLES FOR SOUTHWESTERN N, J., ETC. 
F. A. Jefferson, .V. J. —t. Cun peaches be 
grafted? 2. Can the English or dwarf English 
walnut be grafted on black walnut stock? 
Can it be budded? 8. The Northern Spy rots 
badly here and hence is a nuisance; Baldwin 
and Fallawater are too early; what would be 
better varieties for the fore part Of the win¬ 
ter, for this section- they should be good 
keepers. 4. VY’hafc about the following list: 
Rome Beauty, Lawver, Langford Seedling, 
Gibbs, Mead’s Keeper, Grimes’s Golden, York 
Imperial, Lambert ? 
Ans.— It can be done, but not without 
great care and difficulty. Budding in the 
ordinary way in June is easily doue. Prune 
severely after buddiug to induce a rapid 
TRFES and PLANTS by MAIL. 
MEECIFS I*l{Ol.I FIX' QlTINCEl 
LAWSON, K1KFFER, DC A OQ 
and LECONTE “ E. O , 
Emm're Sm,<* CRAPE VINES, 
find Marlboro RASPBERRIES 
mi'i .leu-ell STRAWBERRIES 
A Complete Stock of every thing desirable to plant. 
Send Immediately for price list and circulars. Address, 
West Jersey Nursery Co., Bridgeton, N. J. 
I HAVE 
700 varleiles of Potatoes. Corn that will mature 
In s*| (lavs, nf which Til ft In the car will make 62 ft shel¬ 
led. Oats thar weigh 50 ft per bushel, and yield ISO 
bushels to the acre. Blooded Stock ol all kinds. 
My catalogue contains simple receipts thal will cure 
Chicken Cljolera. Rheumatism, Coughs. Colds. &e.. 
without cost. How to make 500 percent. >n 
Poultry on a new plant how to exterminate rata with¬ 
out poison: Farmers Account Books, price 10 
cents, which will he allowed on rtrst order. Address 
W. 51. WOODWORTH. Irwin, Ohio. 
Over 6 , 000,000 PEOPLE USE 
D. M. FERRY A CO. 
. are admitted to be the 
\ LARGEST SEEDSMEN 
,\m in (As xeoriil. 
J. D.M. FERRY & CO'S 
niastrtlcdi Dac« 
ANNUAL 
j gy For 1887 
i-jiSIE' will be mailed 
FREE to all 
jWTT applicants, navi 
to Last season's 
, >Ov.\\ customers 
r\\ \\« without or- 
\ \ Y * n| derinit it. 
\ \ \ \ If f" rakniAlr to 
V \Y \ A/ all.-Kerry per. 
*jh taing tftir- 
IlMPr d* 
jlH FToirrr S66US.Un.uJJ 
IH ? .«< •::! f ur t(. Address 
W 0. M. FERRY A CO. 
Detroit, Mich. 
r f™ r>0 Tested, sure to grow. ISO kinds 
Ci CL Llo POT VTORs, all the new 
——Berry Plants Superior Stock. 
Prices low. Catalogue free. It will pay to gut ll. 
FRANK FOKII A- -SONS, Ravenna. O. 
HE AMERICAS- GARDEN is 
an HIus- 
trated Magazine of Horticulture, cov¬ 
ering all departments of Gardening, 
Fimit-Growing, Market. Gardening, Land¬ 
scape-Gardening, Floriculture, Greenhouse, 
Conservatory, Window gardening , Women 
in Horticulture, etc. For amateurs and prac¬ 
tical gardeners and fruit growers.. Experi¬ 
ment Gardens on Houghton Form. Send for 
free specimen to E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 47 
Dey St.,|N. Y. $2 a year fpvith R, N.-Y. $3. 
