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Yol. XLVI. No. 1933 
NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 12, 1887 
PRICE FIVE CENTS. 
$2.00 PER YEAR. 
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1887, by the Rural New-Yorker, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
difference between them, fine,.heavy specimens 
of the three breeds ranging between 11 and 18 
pounds. Some insist that the average Pekin 
is heavier than the average Aylesbury, and 
the flocks we have seen certainly seemed to 
justify this estimate. Both breeds are white; 
but the Pekin is of a yellowish or creamy 
tinge. The following is the scale of points for 
the Pekin duck and drake:— 
Head: Long and finely formed; plumage 
white: eyes, deep leaden hue; bill: of medi¬ 
um size, deep yellow; and perfectly free from 
marks of any other color. Neck: rather long 
and large in the drake, in the duck of mili um 
length; plumage, pure white or creamy white. 
Back: long and broad; plumage, white or 
creamy white. Breast: round aud full. Body 
ery long and deep, and in adult birds ap- 
style way know how hard it is to get enough 
for the little ones to eat. Whenever food is 
thrown out to them the old hens rush and 
pick it up, crowding or driving the little ones 
away. Tu such feeding, a pen which the 
chickens can enter, but which will not admit 
the old hens, is a necessity. This is really the 
only way to enable the little ones to.get 
enough to eat. Buch pens can be easily made 
by any one who can handle lumber. The one 
shown at Pig. 100 (page 102) is made by laying 
poles up log-house fashion. The spaces bet ween 
the poles are just large enough to let the chick¬ 
ens run through. Boards are placed over the top 
and held iu place by stones or blocks. In Pig. 
101 stakes are driven into the ground with an 
ax the proper distance apart. Boards of brush 
can be laid over the top. At Fig. 102 some- 
PEKIN DUCKS, 
GENERAL SYMPTOMS OF GLANDERS. 
s’the raising of ducks profitable? 
That will depend largely ou 
having proper facilities for 
raisiug them. A pond or 
. stream 
F. L. KILBOBNE. 
The symptoms of glanders vary greatly 
with the seat of the disease and the severity 
of the case. In the earlier stages there is more 
or less fever, which runs high in acute cases, 
but may be transient aud pass unnoticed in 
mild or chronic cases. This fever is followed 
by all the usual symptoms of general debility 
and ill-health; the coat becomes dry, rough, 
staring and hide-bound; the appetite capri¬ 
cious; the eyes dull, red or watery; pulse and 
respiration become increased, the latter fre¬ 
quently labored. The 
animal appears dull, 
spiritless, and is more 
easily exhausted 
when put to moderate 
work or exercise. An 
_ . . 
fi> occasional cough is 
— _ usually heard, but 
this may be entirely 
X-. ^7- -- absent. Commonly 
there is also more or 
_ less sneezing and 
snorting. There may 
,sr * or ma y not be dropsi- 
- cal swellings of joints 
and limbs. A thin 
nasal discharge ap- 
XU.—- pears, which soon be- 
- — X comes thick, yellow- 
isk or occasionally 
streaked with blood, 
very fa ‘ tid *** char " 
^acteristically sticky, 
gumming the hairs of 
the nostrils together, 
giving the animal a 
very filthy, offensive 
. , then usually the left, 
instead of both as in 
the case of ordinary 
" catarrh. The popu- 
lar belief that the 
— nasal discharge from 
a glandered animal 
will always sink in 
water and that the 
discharge from any 
"r' — " other cause will float, 
—= ^ is misleading and un- 
—~ ■ ' reliable. 
The submaxillary 
lymphatic glands al¬ 
most invariably be¬ 
come more or less en¬ 
larged, usually very firm, nocular and insen¬ 
sible, aud frequently, but not always, attached 
to the skiu or jaw-bone or even both, the lym¬ 
phatics of other parts of the body also become 
enlarged. 
The characteristic glanderous lesions are 
usually to be found ou the nasal mucous mem¬ 
brane. At the outset the membrane loses its 
natural, delicate piuk color, becomes darkened, 
or rarely pale, and yellowish, red, or purple 
streaks or patches soon appear, followed by 
yellow or reddish elevations, with ulcers 
erosions, or chancre-like sores, which gradu¬ 
ally increase in size, refuse to heal, aud may 
finally eat their way into or through the 
gristle or bone. Occasionally these deposits 
or ulcers arc situated too high up in the nose 
to be seen, but the other symptoms, with the 
near-by seems neces- 
68,17 for P l ’°® table duek-rais- 
ing after the birds are large 
enough to leave the coop, 
Sr* which they should not be al¬ 
lowed to do until they are 
about two weeks old. No one raises ducks for 
the sale of the eggs in the market; because in 
quality ducks’ eggs 
are considered infer¬ 
ior to those of the 
hen; more labor is 
required to obtain 
them, because unless 
the birds are cooped 
every night they will i 
drop their eggs care- 
jessly where it is often 
difficult or impossible 
to fiud them; and be- " _ Ujf 
cause a duck lays 
fewer eggs than a > ^ 
heu, and what she ^ 
din's lay are usually 
dropped at the time . .ap 
when eggs are cheap- k ■ 
est. With proper 
facilities aud care, 
however, duck rais- . /Va* 
ing is likely to be- ►’ 
come more popular. 
The wild supply is 
growing smaller each > 
year, and in spite of 
the fashion of lavish- 7 "* 
ing praise on the 
gainey flavor of wild -X 
ducks, the flesh of a " ‘ 
young tame duck fed 
artificially away - 
from water is really - ' ~ 
better eating. More- 
over, experts say 
duck meat can be pro- 
duced for less cost per 
pound at ten weeks of 
age than any other 
poultry meat.. Then 
again, with a little ' ' 
car® and warm food, 
a tamo duck can be 
iuduced to lay earlier <£, ^ 
than wild ducks, and 
the use of incubators - -^>.^ 0 - 
enables the poultry 
man to have green 
ducks for market 
during the holiday 
season, when wild 
ducks cannot be had. Young ducks at 10 
weeks old can be made to average seven pounds 
to the pair—double the weight of average 
chicken broilers of that age; while the price 
is fully as high, and the cost considerably less. 
As to breeds, the Rouen, Aylesbury aiid Pu- 
kin arc generally considered the most profit¬ 
able. Opinions differ as to the comparative su¬ 
periority of the three; but probably the Pekin 
has the most friends. It is a Chines® breed 
which has found its way into popular favor of 
late years. The birds mature early, often be¬ 
ginning to lay when only five months old. 
They are good foragers uud are easily kept, 
often thriving well with no water except a 
trough or tub for bathiug purposes. In size 
the Roueu is the heaviest, the Aylesbury comes 
next, aud the Chinese third; but there is little 
PEKIN DUCKS. Fig. 89 
preaching the outlines of a parallelogram; 
plumage, white or creamy-white throughout- 
Wings: short and carried compactly and 
smoothly against the sides; plumage, white. 
I ail: rather erect, the curled feathers in the 
drake being hard and stiff; plumage, white. 
Thighs, short uud large; plumage white. 
Hbanks; short and strong, and of a reddish 
orange color. Plumage, downy, aud of a 
faint creamy white. 
The accompanying cut, Fig. 89, has been 
drawn from a photograph of a Pekin duck and 
drake, sent us by Mr. F. H. Corbin, of Hart 
ford County, Conn, 
thing a’little more elaborate is shown. This 
is made of lath and scantling about like the 
coop shown two weeks ago. Food aud water 
placed iu the inside of either of these coops 
will go to the chickens. E. s. L. 
La Crosse, Wis. 
You are right: one can breed for eggs just as 
well as one can breed for milk or butter.” I 
have a strain of Plymouth Rock fowls which 
are approximating “every-day layers” in win¬ 
ter. I believe ill-shaped eggs are caused by the 
hen being too fat. Old heus lay almost all toe 
ill-shaped ones, and they are more easily made 
fat than pullets. I never mind the shape un¬ 
less they are very small, very long or lop-sided. 
Catousville, Md. a, w. G. 
FEED PENS FOR CHICKS, 
All who try to raise chickens iu the old 
