THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
who makes .'500 pounds of butter each, from a 
herd of 12 cows, cuts his hay when the grass is 
in bloom and gives three quarts of corn meal, 
a quart of bran and a pint of cotton seed meal 
varied according to the individual cows, In 
summer when the cows are at pasture he finds 
no difficulty iu getting his cows to take a coup¬ 
le of quartsof meal daily. The small cowsjand 
heifers get loss. He gets as much profit from 
the meal fed with pasturage as at auy time in 
the year. The cream has more substance, anil 
the butter is improved as well as increased. 
Some years he goes over 300 pounds to thecow, 
but last, year only reached 280, though the feed 
was the same. He still raises his cream in 
small pans, iu the old way. He cannot, afford 
to do otherwise, hetluuks, though lie has never 
tried any other way. He believes shallow 
pans give him more and better butter than can 
be got out of the milk in any other way. Mr. 
Wood is a thorough “old fogy,” andau unsur¬ 
passed producer of first-class butter, which 
fetches a large fancy price. His cows are 
grade Jerseys mostly. He b as been crossing 
with pure stock for 20 years, but he has be¬ 
come satisfied that the degree of grade does 
not always determine the yield of butter. 
- 
WORTH NOTING. 
When a group of animals possess certain 
characteristics which distinguish them from 
others of the same species and which have 
become so firmly established that they are 
uniformly transmitted from parent to off¬ 
spring, they are properly recognized as a dis¬ 
tinct breed. These special characteristics 
may include peculiarities of appearance, as 
the absence of horns iu the polled breeds, and 
the red color of Devons; of function, as the 
quantity of milk of the Holstein and the 
quality Of milk of the Jersey; of locomotion, 
as the trot and pace in the horse; of habit or 
instinct, as exemplified iu the setter or shep¬ 
herd’s dog—iu fact, any standard tlmt fancy- 
may dictate may be assumed ... 
The distinguishing peculiarities of the vari¬ 
ous breeds of cattle are the result of the inher¬ 
itance of characters that adapted them to the 
conditions under which they originated. In 
the ’“improved” breeds, certain desirable in¬ 
dividual peculiarities that have appeared, 
spontaneously or accidentally, have been en¬ 
grafted by heredity upon those of the original 
breed.... 
“TnoROiTGEiwiKD,” strictly speaking, is a 
term that designates the English race-horse 
ami his descendants in this and other lands, 
and in this sense it has been commonly used 
as the name of the breed, just as Clydesdale 
and Norman designate breeds of draft, horses. 
In this country, however, the term is frequent¬ 
ly applied to cattle, sheep, swine and occasion¬ 
ally even to other breeds of horses in the sense 
of pore-bred. 
“Pure-bred” and “full blood,” according 
to the definition of the American Associa¬ 
tion of Short-horn Breeders, indicate ani¬ 
mals of a distinct, well-defined breed with¬ 
out any admixture of other blood. The same 
authority also adopted the following defini¬ 
tions, which coincide with the general siguifi- 
ation of the terms, although writers in the 
public press not infrequently misapply the 
words. “Cross-bred” animals, strictly speak¬ 
ing, are those produced by breeding together 
distinct breeds, such as the Ayrshire and the 
Jersey; but the terms crossing, making a 
cross, out-breeding and cross-breeding are 
often used to indicate the mixture of the 
blood of different families of the same breed 
“Grades” are the produce of a cross between a 
“pure bred” and a “native,” such as a Short¬ 
horn and a Texan, a Holstein and an ordinary 
cow or bull... 
“Native” cattle are animals of mixed blood 
without any fixed character, constituting the 
vast majority of the herds throughout the oouu- 
try. 
“ High-grade” refers to an animal of 
mixed blood in which the blood of the pure 
breed largely predominates. Thus if the off¬ 
spring of a grade Hereford is again crossed by 
a pure-bred Hereford, and the same practice 
is followed for a couple of more generations, 
the progeny will tic “high-grades.” Close 
breeding is the coupling of animals that, are 
closely related; while in-and-in breeding im¬ 
plies the closest possible relationship in the 
animals bred together... 
High-breeding is sometimes used in the 
sense of close-breeding;but properly it means 
a careful selection of breeding stock with re¬ 
ference to a particular standard and within 
the limits of a particular family, regardless of 
relationship. Broeding-iu the lino means the 
selection of males from a particular family, 
without reference to the quality or uniformity 
of the selected animals... 
In speaking of the parentage of animals the 
term “got by” or simply “by” refers to the 
sire and “out of” to the dam . 
In breeding, the parent that seems to exer¬ 
cise the greatest influence upon the character 
of the offspring is said to be prepotent, and 
since in pure-bred animals the dominant char¬ 
acteristics of all the immediate ancestors are 
the same, their prepotency, or power of trans¬ 
mitting their characteristics, is greater than 
that of “native” animals. The more closely 
in-bred a family, the stronger,it is found, is the 
prepotency of its members, and in some eases 
in-and-in breeding has been limited to families 
sot apart to produce breeding sires, for as the 
male is practically half the herd for breeding 
purposes, it is especially desirable that he 
should bn able to transmit his excellencies in a 
pre-eminent manner. 
The whole business of the Government seed 
shop has become so rotten that it is probably 
past reformation, and the best thing that can 
be done is to wipe it out entirely, says the 
Farmers' Review.... 
Prepare for maple-sugar making. If 
strawberry beds have not been mulched, 
mulch now, even though the manure or what¬ 
ever is prepared be placed ou the snow over 
the plants—gather brush for peas—make poles 
for beans—form compost heaps. 
Dr. Hoskins says that for cabbage-lice 
snuff is the thing, applied when the dew is on. 
For the cabbage-worm there is no use, he says, 
in fooliug with anything but the best Buhach 
insect powder blown on them from an insect 
bellows. Of this one puff is enough, but, it 
must be repeated occasionally as new worms 
hatch out..... 
This has been the advice of the R. N.-Y. 
* since Buhach, the California product of the 
flowers of Pyrothrum, was first offered for 
sale. It is more economical to use the Buhach 
in water, forced through spraying pumps. 
From a field of about two acres upon the 
farm of Mr. G. W. Thompson, near Now 
Brunswick, N. J., three cuttings of Alfalfa 
were made last year—on June 4, July IU, and 
September 11. The weights of the respective 
yields, the Weekly Press says, were 16,480, 
12,320, and 7,520, pounds, making a total of 
36,320 pounds. The field was sown in the 
spring of 1883 with 20 pounds of seed to the 
acre. Mr. Thompson thinks it too thin on the 
ground. He believes that the third cut would 
have equaled the second but for the drought.. 
Ouu esteemed contemporary, the Farmer, 
of Minnesota, says that there are 59 farmers 
in the Lower House and 19 in the Senate of 
the Legislature of that State. 
Mr. S, Miller, iu the Rural World, recom¬ 
mends for Kansas the Early Richmond, Gov. 
Wood, and Napoleon Cherries; the Doyenne 
d’Etc, Bartlett, and Seckel Pears; the Wor¬ 
den, Early Victor, and Norton Grapes, and 
the Ben Davis. Wiuesap, and Jennetting Ap¬ 
ples. He says the Cumberland Triumph. 
Windsor Chief, and James Vick Strawberries 
stand the heat best with him in Bluff ton, Mo, 
A whiter in the Kansas Farmer says that 
he listed 40 acres of com with poor success, for 
the reasou, as he suspects, that he listed too 
deep and sub-soiled too shallow. He advises 
listing six inches and subsoiling five inches.... 
Dr. WooT.VEUTON, of the Canadian Horti¬ 
culturist, says that for two years past, his ex¬ 
perience at Grimsby, on the south shore of 
Lake Ontario, with the Worden Grape is de¬ 
cidedly in its favor as compared with the Con¬ 
cord. He cau market it fully a week before 
the Concord and it is better in quality though 
not so prolific..... 
The Canadian Horticulturist, says of the 
Yellow Transparent Apple that it is fully 
equal to the Duchess of Oldenburgh for hardi¬ 
ness. It bears quite young. It promises to 
be of all the early iron-clads the best shipper 
ami the most remunerative. No other apple 
has such delicate, waxen beauty, while in 
flavor it is nearly as good as the Early Harvest. 
It is free from the plague of the “apple spot.” 
It is comparatively easy to convict a com¬ 
mon criminal like Jaehne, says Puck. He is 
tried in the ordiuary way, proved guilty by 
ordinary witnesses, condemned by an ordiu¬ 
ary jury and promptly packed off to prison. 
To convict the men who tempted him to crime 
is, however, quite another matter. 
They are men of superior intelligence and 
experience; they have done their work through 
intermediaries; they are audacious and have 
millions to spend, legitimately or otherwise, iu 
fighting the law. The prosecuting officer has 
a hard task before him when lie undertakes 
to punish the wealthy briber. 
Mr. K. Williams says that chruji nursery 
Stock is generally like cheap shoes or jewelry 
—very unsatisfactory in the long run. There 
is oue difference, one is obliged to run a gf od 
deal longer iu the first than in the last ease to 
find it out. 
The Rural has never found the Moore’s 
Early Grape to bear heavily. The bunches, 
as we have said, are smaller than those of 
Concord, the berry decidedly larger—the 
quality the same. But we prize the Moore’s 
Early because the vine is hardy and healthy 
and gives us our first ripe grapes. 
Grafting is only carrying along the same 
life, says Mr. Hirsey before the N. E. Ag. So¬ 
ciety. It is not renewing life by seed. It is 
the same life, carried on year after year, and, 
of course, some kinds will be carried on long¬ 
er than others. As the wood becomes aged, 
it gathers diseases. We take a cion from a 
tree and put it iu another one. That is not a 
renewal of life, buta continuation of the same 
life. A time slowly approaches when that 
life will become so old that it will pass oft’ and 
cease to exist; so old that it cannot be re. 
newed. Therefore, we must be prepared to 
meet with new varieties to take the place of 
these that are dropping off. . 
Mr. Hirsey thinks that the Bartlett Pear 
shows signs of weakness at the present time 
although some of the trees are perfectly 
hardy. Some of them have escaped gather¬ 
ing up diseases, while others have gathered 
up diseases, and those diseases may by pro pa- 
gated ^ into other trees, so that when the 
variety mns out it will not drop off at once, 
but it will deterioi ate slowly. Those trees 
which have gathered up diseases will drop out 
first. And those grafted trees which have 
not been exposed to disease will carry the life 
of the variety along a great deal longer than 
the others. 
This seems reasonable enough. It is the 
same with the potato, with the sweet potato, 
with all plants whatever that are propagated 
from cuttings, roots, tubers or offsets. 
pisrfUitttCousi gulmtisinjj. 
WoolDressGoods. 
If you want the best garden you have 
ever had, you must sow 
Maule’S Seeds. 
There is no question but that 
Maule’s Garden Seeds are unsur¬ 
passed. Their present popularity 
in almost every county in the 
United States shows it. When 
once sown, others are not wanted 
at any price. One quarter of a 
million copiesof my new Catalogue 
for 1887 have been already mailed. 
Kerry one pronounces it the most orig¬ 
inal and readable Seed Catalogue ever 
published. Tt contains among other 
things cash prizes for premium 
vegetables, etc., to the amount of 
$1500, and also beautiful illustra¬ 
tions of over *500 vegetables and 
flowers, (JO being in colors). These 
are only two of many striking fea¬ 
tures. You should not think of 
purchasing any seeds this Spring 
before sending for it. It is mailed 
free to all enclosing stamp for re¬ 
turn postage. Address 
WM. HENRY MAULE, 
1711 Filbert St. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
.T IMESMcCREERY A CO. 
Previous to opening !licit* 
new Spring* Importations. 
o!Fer I lie Following Special 
Lines: 
2,."500 yards French Dia¬ 
gonals at 150 cents per vard; 
worth $1.00. 
1,000 yards Prunelle 
Cloth at 75 cents per vard; 
former price $1.25. 
1 500 Heather Hixtures at 
75 cents per yard; reduced 
From $ 1.25 per yard. Sam¬ 
ples sent on application. 
ORDERS BY MAIL 
From any part oFthe coun¬ 
try will receive carefnl 
and prompt attention. 
Broad way and 11th St., 
New York. 
EPPS’S 
GRATEFUL-COMFORTING 
COCOA 
Humphreys' 
DR. HUMPHREYS’ 
Ilook of all Diseases, 
Cloth & Cold Binding 
144 fapt, wIlli Nl«-*l Rngrsviag, 
_ M.UI.KP KKKK. _ 
LT8* OP PIUNYJl’AI. NOB « VIII > STUCK. 
1 
•2 
:< 
1 
a 
« 
7 
<* 
Fever*. Congestion, Iml.umiwtlons .. .*‘5 
\\ onus, Worm Ke\.«r. Worm Colic.... .-25 
Crying Colie. or Teething of Infants. .25 
Diarrhea, ol Children or LdulU.25 
Dysentery, Griping, Bilious Colic.25 
Cholera Morbus. V omiung 25 
Coughs. Cold. Bronchitis.. 25 
Neuralgia. Toothache. Kacvntlie..25 
lleiitiAi'h'V*, Sick HpauAcUo, Wrtigo. ,25 
HOMEOPATHIC 
10 
11 
1 2 
i :t 
i l 
15 
i«; 
17 
1 !* 
•20 
•2 1 
•2 7 
2- 
no 
:l -2 
Dyspepsia, Bilious Stomach.25 
(suppressed or Painful Periods.25 
Wlilies, loo Ptsiruse Periods .25 
Croup. Cough. Difficult Breathing.25 
Salt li he it in. K-ysipeU», Eruptions.. .25 
It heumntlsiu. Rheumatic Pains.25 
Fever and \glie. Chills, Malaria.50 
Plies, Blinder Bleeding.. . .50 
Catarrh, Indium m. Cold in the Head .50 
\\ hooping Cough. Violent 1 oughs.. .50 
General Debility,Physical Weakness .50 
Nervous Debility...1 .(Ml 
t riimry Weakness. Wetting Bed.. .50 
Diseases of the Heart. Palpitation 1 .OO 
SPECIFICS. 
Hold by Druggists, Or sent oust paid on receipt Of 
price.- Ill JU'UfiKVS i *Kl>l«SK«». 1 UU ► ulteu SI. N.V. 
Funny Selections, Scrap Pictures, etc., and nice 
Sample Cards for 2e. Hili. Card Co., Cadis, Ohio. 
MEN WANTED. 
To solicit orders for Nursery Stock. Situation perma¬ 
nent. Your choice of salary or commission. Address 
land inclose stnnipi. 
R. *4. CHASE <tk CO , 
(irnera, N. Y. 
Li A I r BROS., South Glastonbury, Conn., send Free 
nHLL Catalogus beat Strawberry, Blackberry, and 
Gooseberry Plante TUF P R D |M A M Raspberry — 
Grapes. Currants A I It L vM IIliln fir-.iiicif kmnm 
largest size, jet bhiok.nnW fjro'bn-f i>. tin.I prufiJahlr,fine 
quality. Don’t. PCT HM train at 
take our word. U L I Ull OUH nU fruiting time 
next Summer, trad come and see this and many other 
choice varieties, id! propa- IT V|*|11 III A NT 
Rated from pedigree stock. 1I IUU WHII I 
JL/V 1 ' cweA uoow, plant Earhxrt <r,r-IuM» on/ Rasp 
report I BIG BERRIES and lots of them 
8 months <\ftrr phtnlitnj stuck received 13)00 miles by mail* 
APPLE SEEDLINGS! 
of very tine quality, boxed and on cars ar DAYTON 
Ohio, at the following prices: 
1st Class 2d Class 3d Class, 
per I.IMI. per 1.000. per 1,000. 
Lots of less than 35/300. *-!. O 0 M .-.25 .75 
Lota of '25.UUU or more.. 2.75 1.00 .50 
Samples will Ire mailed to parties desiring to pur¬ 
chase in large quantities. 
NURSERY STOCK. 
Best quality and excellent assortment, including 
Apples, Pears. Quinces. Cherries. Peaches. 
12rapes, !*im»ll Fruits, kc, bond your List of 
probable wants for the .Spring trade and get our 
LOW PRICKS. 
THE HOOVER & CAINES CO., 
Datto.n St a it NrasKiUKS, DAYTON, OHIO. 
S' SHAKER’S X 
Garden SEEDS' 
NEW uni GREATLY ENLARGED CATALOGUE 
Magnificently illust., sent to any address on receipt of 
•lets, in stamjw to pay postage Regular customers 
supplied free Special list for Market Gardeners, offer¬ 
ing Seeds it wholesale prices. Send for it. Address 
Sll \KER SEED t'O.. AIT. LEBANON, N Y. 
MOORE’S EARLY. 
THE BEST EARLY BLACK GRAPE. 
Strong vines. \ year. No. I, t year. No?, and 2 years 
No. 1 at wholesale. Abo strung t and 2 year vines of 
the Francis II. Hayes, an extra early and hardy whito 
grape. Wholesale and Re talL. Send for prices. 
JOHN B. MOORE & SON, 
Concord, Mass. 
CHAS. D. MERWIN, 
SUED GROWER. 
MI1.FOUD, CONN. 
Established lSfifl: grows tlte Best Onion Seed In 
America. White Globe pet-pound. $3; Red Globe, $'2; 
Large lied Wethersfield, $2; Yellow Globe Danvers, 
S2.Nl; Yellow Dally ere, $2. 
orrn potatoes 
NllU and seeds 
^^From the Famous AROOSTOOK. 
The great superiori¬ 
ty of true Aroostook 
grown potatoes for 
seed is well known. 
iwer ii I an ted, 
they yield large crops 
of handsome tubers, 
free from dis¬ 
ease. \ml the short, 
quick season of this 
far liortli east land 
makes ail our seeds 
hard y, productive, 
and early. 
My Iu.rsTit.vTKn 
r.VI.CKlT 4 will bo 
St ill Ml K K to all 
Write for it. 
GEORGE W.P.JERRARD. Caribou, Maine. 
