FEB ID 
THE BUBAL WEW-VOBKER. 
422 
FARMERS’ CLUB. 
('Continued from page 121.) 
secreted in the forward quarters after a few 
days, if the udder and teats are repeatedly 
manipulated. Rub and knead the udder 
several times daily, drawing the teats as when 
milking. If the milk does not then come and 
the udder hus neverbeeu injured, thedilfieulty 
is probably congenital, that portion of the 
udder beiug imperfectly developed. If this is 
the ease there is no remedy. 
com.ak non. ok noit&K. 
A. C. K., Tolma , .Vo.—My young horse has 
a swelling the size of a man’s fist on his 
* shoulder, caused by a badly fitting collar when 
he was “broke” last spring. The knot some¬ 
times breaks and runs for a few days and then 
closes up for a week or more, when it breaks 
open and runs again, and so on; is there a 
remedy! 
Axs.—If the swelling discharges again, 
make a free dependent opening for the escape 
of the pits, wash out daily with a cue per cent, 
solution of carbolic acid, and allow it. to heal 
gradually. When thoroughly healed, paint 
any remaining swelling every three or four 
days with tincture of iodine, and continue for 
several weeks. Li' thoroughly healed over 
now, begin the iodine treatment at once. 
After two or three mouths, or even before if 
it appears desirable, any remaining circum¬ 
scribed hard swelling or lump may be re¬ 
moved entire through a vertical incision in 
the skin, the opening stitched up and allowed 
to heal as an ordinary wound, simply using 
the carbolic acid wash daily. If the horse is 
worked, it will be necessary to have the eollur 
so constructed that no pressure will come 
upon this point during, and for some time 
alter, the treatment. 
REP BACKS IN SLAUGHTERED HOGS. 
.4. I ‘., Cannon Falls , Minn .—Two out of i I 
hogs I killed the other day were red on t .e 
back from the loins to the forehead and one 
of them w r as red on the hock joint. It looked 
as though the blood had come to the skin and 
settled there. They were quiet in the pens 
and wore handled with care. What can be 
the matter ! 
Ans, —Hogs are subject to measles, mange 
aud other skin disorders. Wheu they have 
measles there is more or less eruption on the 
skin. With mange (or itch) the skin will turn 
black and dry up and in an old stage form a 
thick crust with suppuration underneath. 
When the skin is bruised or rubbed or the hog 
is drugged about, just before killiug, the skin 
would appear red as the blood settles under 
the irritated or stimulated puli®, if any por¬ 
tion of the hog is scalded too much or the 
water is too hot and the part of the hog put 
into this very hot water is left any length of 
time, it will be red. In the case mentioned 
there is no doubt but that the backs of the 
hogs were underneath at the time of scalding 
and hence they were overheated. It is- a com¬ 
mon occurrence and does not injure the pork. 
It is a mere discoloring of the skin. Hogs 
should be kept moving when scalded. 
AN APPLE-TREK PEST. 
W. F. t Fulda, W. T .—As the'buds of my 
apple trees begin to swell in the spring some 
insect passes into them aud cats the heart out, 
thereby destroying them, and the limb or 
even tree often perishes; what is the pest? 
Ans. —There are several climbing cut¬ 
worms, (Agrotis scandens, and others) the 
larva 1 of nocturnal moths, which, during the 
night, climb trees and destroy the swelling 
buds as described, burying themselves in the 
surface soil near the base of the tree, on the 
approach of morning. These may be dug up 
aud destroyed,or a collar of something which 
they cannot pass may be placed around the 
trunk of the tree to prevent their ascent. 
The basket-worm or bag-worm,—Thyridop- 
toryx ephciiicncformts, (Haworth)—and sev¬ 
eral other kindred insects known us leaf-roll¬ 
ers, protect themselves by little sacs either ut 
tacked permanently to the twigs or carried 
about with the lieud and legs protruding, 
with which they travel from bud to bud, eat¬ 
ing out the tender incipient growths iu the 
manner described. These are all of diminu¬ 
tive size, although their dwellings may be 
readily observed; and, since they remain 
constantly upon the branch, they may be 
readily destroyed by hand-picking. 
COW-POX. 
J. F. (J., Oconomowor, IF is,—1. Does cow- 
pox injure the milk from the affected cows, 
aud whut causes it ! 2. YV hat is the best breed 
of cows for butter alone! 
Ans.— 1. No; if the milk is drawn with a 
milking tube, so us to escape contamination 
by any dischurgo from the vesicles on the 
teats and udder. 2. The origin of cow-pox 
will probably always remain a mystery. 
Jeuner, with some others of his time, believed 
in the identity of cow-pox aud small-pox, aud 
that both had a common origin in the“greaso” 
of'the horse. In cows inoculated with the 
virus of small pox, all the symptoms of cow- 
pox have appeared, and people vaccinated 
with the consequent, vims have generally con¬ 
tracted cow-pox, though in some cases small¬ 
pox has resulted. The difference in the re¬ 
sults has been attributed to differences in the 
virulence of the virus. It is now believed 
that “grease’’ iu the horse has uothing to do 
with either cow-pox or small pox. It is often 
difficult or impossible to trace the origin of an 
outbreak of cow-pox in a herd of cattle. 
Cases arise now aud then which appear to be 
spontaneous and cannot be traced to a cause. 
Most people deny, however, the possibility of 
spontaneous origination; while others main¬ 
tain that under certain influences it. is spon¬ 
taneously produced. The former appears to 
lie the more scientific theory. • 2. Probably the 
Jersey or Guernsey. 
PANSIES BLOOMING IN MIDWINTER. 
Saline title, Ohio. —Is it an uncommon thing 
for pansies to bloom in January in the open 
ground in this latitude — between 40 aud 
41 degrees! 
Ans.—N o, this is not an uncommon occur¬ 
rence. Pansies in protected situations will 
bloom whenever they get a chance. A few 
days of moderate weather suffices. The snow 
would not prevent them from blooming, but 
frozen soil would In the case mentioned the 
snow probably prevented the soil from freez¬ 
ing to any depth. Different .strains of pan¬ 
sies vary as to hardiness, and a hardier strain 
might well be obtained by saving the seeds, as 
mentioned. 
Miscellaneous. 
» 
K. C. S,, Lyndon rifle, N. V.—1. 1 would 
like to ask Mr. Woodward if corn fodder 
thrashed by his plan of thrashing before husk 
ing and then cut short, would keep if cut. straw 
was mixed with it., the whole being packed In 
a large bag, or would it need a silo; 2. Would 
a burn boarded on the outside with good, 
matched pine boards and lined with morelum 
her inside, having building paper between, be 
warm enough for raising winter lambs or for 
shearing last spring’s lambs? 8. Would it be 
safe to run water pipes around the ceiling in 
such a barn! 
ANSWERED BY J. S. WOODWARD. 
Ans.- 1. Corn so thrashed eau safely be run 
through a fodder cut ter having more or less 
straw mixed with it, as being cut and packed 
directly in the Blows. 1 have often run it di¬ 
rectly In the mows without straw or being cut. 
The thrashing tears the butts aud big stalks 
into shreds and mixes them so with the leaves 
and drier portions as to prevent the mildew¬ 
ing so prevalent wheu stalks are packed whole. 
But, of course, when the stalks have straw 
mixed with them they can be put in much 
greener nr damper than when put by them 
selves. 2. A barn can be made thoroughly 
frost-proof by first boarding on the outside, 
then furring out with inch pieces; on these 
papering and again furring with inch strips put 
on over the first ones, and on these ceiling with 
sound lumber or by using u second sheeting of 
paper and over this putting common lumber. 
The main thing is to keep cold air out and 
warm air in, and not have the teinjierafcurego 
below 45 degrees. !1. It is only safe to run 
the pipes where no frost enters. If a ground 
floor is used, the pipes can be laid just below 
the surface of this, having hydrants come up 
where needed. 1 have no trouble with my 
water pi pes and in oue barn they run over¬ 
head. 
T. II, )'., Alexandria, Dale. —1. Where can 
nitrate of soda be obtained! 2. What is the 
price per 100 pounds? 3. How is it best ap¬ 
plied! 4. We burn hay and flax straw in our 
furnaces. The ashes of the latter are strong 
enough to make soup; but after cooling I put 
them in my hen-house. My soil is a sandy 
loam on which good crops of ouions grow 
without manure, with a subsoil of rather poor 
marl; would ashes aud lien-manure secure the 
best results for peas, corn, potatoes, wheat, 
oats, cabbage aud celery! 5. YY r ould nitrate 
of soda be good for celery ! 
ANS.—1. Of any of the fertilizer firms iu the 
country. 2. About three dollars. It varies m 
quality. 8, Broadcast it. always, and harrow 
it in. Do uot plow it. iu. If merely sown 
upon the surface and nut harrowed, no loss 
will occur. 4. They would be first-rate for all 
—best, perhaps, for the potatoes. We would 
not mix the ashes with the hen manure, how¬ 
ever, at any rate not until just before they 
are applied; otherwise there is danger that the 
alkali in the ashes will set the nitrogen in the 
manure at liberty. This it is sure to do if the 
manure is wet or moist, aud the nitrogen it 
contains is the most valuable ingredient 
of hen manure. 5. Bone and nitrate of soda 
might, advantageously be added. We doubt 
if the celery, being a lute crop, would be much 
improved by the nitrate of soda. 
D. Farmington, W. T. —1. Will it pay 
to soak fence posts in^ lime-water where 
lime costs $2.50 per barrel? Coal tar is worth 
$12.50 per barrel; petroleum is unknown. 
Our posts are cedar, tamarack and Red Fir. 
2. YY'hut, will sweeten a rubber covered bridle 
bit! 
ANS.—1. It will not pay to use either lime 
or coal tar at the prices named, on fence posts. 
If stones can be got cheap, large holts*may 
be dug and the posts l>e set and packed in 
with stone, ramming them firmly and filling 
t he holes so that no dirt can conic in contact 
with the wood. We have uu oak gate post 
which was set in this way 80 or more years 
ago aud it is ns “sound as a nut” yet: or the 
post may be packed with solid clay for half 
the depth of the hole, and filled with stone 
above. 2. Soak the bit in lime-water and 
then dij) it iu a pretty strong solution of car 
bolic acid in water. 
BOILED DOWN AND SEASONED. 
A BLACK-CAT raspberry, called Johnson’s 
Sweet, is now offered for sale. The plants 
have proven hardy during the past four years 
with Mr. Johnson, of Shortsville, N. Y. The 
berries ripen with the Tyler, arc jet black aud 
of good size. The quality is remarkably 
sweet and it is said to be unequaled when dried 
or “evaporated,” The variety will be plant 
ed at the Rural Grounds next spring.. 
A colored card from Peter Henderson A 
Co. shows the following 12 roses, which they 
believe to Ih> the best of the ever-blooming 
class, either for summer or winter floweriug, 
viz.: Agrippina, Sunset, licrmosu, American 
Beauty, The Bride, Bon Sileno. Mermet. Ln 
France, Blush Malnmison, Pearl of the Gar¬ 
den, Bennett and Red Malmaisou. Their cat¬ 
alogue announced in our advertising columns 
gives full descriptions and prices. 
For shaded places, is there any better hardy 
plant than the funkias or day lilies, or 
Yucca filainentosa or Whipplei. 
Among the day lilies (Hemerocallis) we have 
had for six or seven years the double form of 
H. fulva, which, under the shade of a magnolia 
and without special care, blooms freely every 
year. Of the funkias, or plantain lilies, the 
Variegated leaved Funkia (F. ForLnnei ma¬ 
culate) is iierhaps the best. The leaves are 
broadly and distinctly marked with yellow. 
Both the Hemerocallis and Funkias ure often 
called day-lilies.. . 
The Dingee Conurd Co. mention the follow¬ 
ing fine roses as uew, rare hybrid perpetuate 
which are perfectly hardy: Jean Lelievre 
(crimson), Baroness Rothschild (pink), Mar¬ 
shall P. Wilder (crimson* aud Mabel Morrison 
(white). Rothschild was introduced in 118(17; 
Wilder iu 18S4, we believe; Morrison in 187(5. 
They arc splendid roses, certainly, YVe have 
never before heard of Jean Lelievre.... 
There is nothing more captivating than 
rose culture either in the house or out-of- 
doors. For those who having no glass, culti¬ 
vate roses only iu the open air, it limy be well 
to repeat that the cnerblooming or monthly 
roses (so-called) are tender and will die during 
the winter iu climates where the temperature 
goes to zero, and even in milder climates win¬ 
ter protection is needed. The hybrid TEU- 
tethals, or remoHtants, and moss and climb¬ 
ing roses are the only hardy roses. Even 
these are better for winter protection. - 
Storrs & Harrison, of Puiuesville, Ohio, 
are much pleased with Mr. 1apliu’s sport of 
Catherine Mermet called The Bride. This 
fine, white Tea Rose bloomed at the Rural 
Grounds last summer, it is almost exactly 
like Mermet, except in color. The buds are 
exquisite, the i>ctals like white wax, the per 
fume delicately fragrant. 
From the same firm we received the rose 
Grace Darling two years ago, a Tea produced 
by Henry Bennett, of England. This new 
rose, we believe, will become very popular 
when better known. The buds are large and 
the petals recurve and unfold most gracefully 
without showing the stamens or petals. The 
base of the petals is yellowish, changing to 
pink near the edges. The odor is of the most 
delicate Tea. It. is worthy of note that this 
rose, with protection, stood our winter of 
188(5. It began to bloom May 25. 
Mil Green, of the Ohio Ex. Station, says, 
in the Ohio Farmer, that there is often a dif¬ 
ference of several weeks in the ripening of 
different strains of the same variety of onions. 
But ho finds the later strains, us a rule, far 
more productive than the early kinds. 
Queen of the Prairie is a yellow dent corn, 
the ears rather short, the kernels deep and the 
cob small. It was tested at the Rural Grounds 
before it was offered for sale, and matured as 
early as any dent corn ever raised there. 
Mu. Henry Stewart has been a shepherd 
from boyhood, having kept sheep at times in 
considerable numbers, and be knows well 
what it is to have the best and most valuable 
sheep in the flock torn and mangled by dogs, 
and lying for days until found, suffering 
severest agony from their wounds. No oue 
but a shepherd who has experienced this, per¬ 
haps, can realize the indignant sense of out¬ 
rage and injury inflicted upon him, without 
any means of redress.. . 
He is now iu North Carolina. He says that 
• more than 50 sheep have been killed the past 
year out of his flock by dogs, and an equal 
number have been so injured by chasing and 
worrying that they will probably die before 
spring, or fail to raise their lambs. In some 
eases dogs have been shot in the act of killing, 
but this does not remedy the evil: hundreds 
are left to go uu with the damage. If the 
owners of the dogs were liable to some severe 
penalty for permitting their animals to run at 
large and commit trespass tbo evil would be 
remedied at once. 
P. 11. Jacobs says, in the Farm and Gar¬ 
den, that buckwheat is an excellent egg-pro¬ 
ducing food, but it is not always easy to ob¬ 
tain. The best way to feed it is to mix it with 
other grain food, or to feed it separately three 
times a week. Never give any kind of grain 
exclusively. If certain days could be given 
to com, outs, wheat, and buckwheat, the hens 
would be better satisfied, and give results in 
laying that would surprise many who feed on 
one kind exclusively. 
A member of the N. J. Hort. Society said 
he received lmshclsof sect! from the Washing¬ 
ton seed store, which he fed to his poultry— 
the only good use he could make of them. 
Sow oats early is our yearly advice to 
readers. Sow clover early —upon light snow 
if you so desire. 
Oats are very valuable, says A. B. Allen, in 
the Breeders’ Gazette, to be grown for fodder, 
that is, not to thrush but to feed the straw and 
grain together, cutting and curing the oats the 
same as hay. 
A writer in the Farmers’ Review says that 
he sawed off the horns of a yearling heifer 
close to the hair. The blood flowed freely and 
alarmed him. It soon ceased, however, after 
her release, and in half an hour she was eating 
us usual. This was In the spring. By fall the 
wounds were closed over..... 
He then tried Ins calves ny applying a red- 
hot. soldering iron to the ends of the horns 
searing them down to the head. No sign of a 
horn has yet appeared. 
Peter Henderson expresses the opinion, in 
Popular Gardening, that the chrysanthemum 
craze is by no means on the wane. No plant 
is easier to raise and in uo other family of 
plants have we such a variety of contrasting 
colors or such symmetry and yet eccentricity 
of form. Then the flowers bloom when nearly 
all other flowers have gone. Then again, 
the}- are hardy, so that while they can be 
grown by the most, humble cottager, they are 
gorgeous enough to make splendid the conserv¬ 
atory ... 
For 80 years the chrysanthemum has been 
increasing in favor in Englaud. A plant to 
become popular must, he a plant for the mill¬ 
ions. Note this orchid craze, if craze it can 
be called, says Mr. Henderson. The orchid is 
yet confined to a limited number—the tew who 
are able to have something that the masses 
ci.imot. Wore the orchid not exjionsive and 
dillieuit to get at, he fears that the admiration 
for it would lessen. The orchids, many of 
them, arc beautiful. But we have to look at 
a houseful of dried-up looking old sticks for 12 
mouths for the sake of enjoying, now and then, 
the sight of the flowers for a few weeks. 
Mr. Peter Henderson expresses bisopin. 
ion, in the Gardeners’ Monthly, that the reign 
of the new rose, Her Majesty, is over m this 
country, really in truth before making a be¬ 
ginning. Asa set-off, however, we have the 
William Francis Bennett (by the same raiser), 
which, Mr. Henderson says, is by all odds the 
most profitable of all roses grown for cut 
(lowers iu the winter.. . 
The real merits of the roses, W. F. Bennett, 
The Bride, Pupa Gontierand American Beau¬ 
ty, widely distributed us they have beeu, will 
be fairly arrived at during another season. 
Mr. Grimes, of Denver, Colorado, states, in 
the Gardeners’ Monthly, that if he were the 
owner of but u single town lot, however small 
it might be, he would dear out the castaway 
fruit cans from the back yard and plant fruit. 
He would plant trees to make his home at¬ 
tractive and comfortable. 
If he wanted to sell or rent his property to 
the best advantage, he would plant and grow 
uu illustrated advertisement of trees on that 
property. 
If the years of lus life had passed three score 
