from paying to the town of A its tax on those 
bonds? 
Ans. —Bonds issued by a town are not a lien 
on the real estate owned by individuals. The 
town, however, must pay the interest and the 
principal when due. and the proper officers 
can be legally compelled to levy a tax sufficient 
for this purpose. Such taxes when laid, are a 
lien on the real estate upon which they are as¬ 
sessed, and must be paid to give good title. 
We do do not think the levying by one town 
of a tax on a piece of real estate lying wholly 
in another town is legal, or can be made so by 
the consent of the assessors. 
W. L., Minneapolis, Minn .—A rents his 
farm to B. agreeing “to place on the farm 10 
cows for the making of butter,” the lease to 
rim four years. No time is specified as to 
when A shall put the cows on the farm. A 
at once places on the farm nine cows and one 
heifer, the latter due to* calve April 16,1887. 
Would A be considered as having fulfilled his 
part of the agreement? The question, of 
course, is whether the heifer under the cir¬ 
cumstances would count as a cow. 
Ans. —Strictly speaking, a heif¬ 
er is the young of the bovine race 
/] from a year old until she arrives 
f l at a mature breeding age. This 
H? may be called the full age of three 
W-’Jr ' years. In equity a two-year-old 
’ heifer should not fill the contract. 
But. again, a cow of 30 years is a 
cow, though she would be of but 
HgSp;.' little value in a dairy herd. Web- 
ster defines a heifer as a young 
Mp * cow. The correct definition would 
be a young female of the cow kind 
not of a breeding age. A three¬ 
'll,.;' year-old heifer in two years more 
V?V.' '• would be in her prime for milk.and 
%iV would so continue until eight or 
nine years of age. Such a heifer 
f h in B would be more profitable during 
SMflfc the life of the lease than would a 
cow of nine years of age, but the 
first year she would not be of more 
than half the value of a cow in her 
dT.VwCT prime. When the heifer calves 
she will be a cow according to 
R* the general acceptation of the 
SgraBr T. H. L., Syracuse, ,V. )'.—A 
igBp wife is possessed of real estate in 
Br this State, which was purchased 
V in her name. The husband dies 
Js. ‘ aud she marries again: has the 
second husband any legal right in 
yy'V. -1- the property ? There were a oum- 
• her of children by the first, but 
oM'v none by the second hnsbaud. The 
■ , money by which the property was 
■» procured was furnished princi¬ 
pally' by the first husband, i, e., 
iysSy—c the husband's earnings and the 
wife’s savings. 
Ans. —The second husband has 
no legal interest in the property 
while both are living, and, as she 
--_ had no children by him, he will 
have no use of it after her death 
- if he survives her. unless she gives 
-— it to him by her will. 
L. S. T., Elmira. N. F,—A man 
abundantly solvent buys real es- 
- fate: the deed is made to himself 
aud wife: what is the status of his 
creditors in relation to this pro¬ 
perty, if he dies insolvent? 
simply as a reward for the good they have 
done. 
Whatever may lie said about Wyandottes 
and their grades, one fact should not be over¬ 
looked. They are great eaters. They are not 
equal to the Laugshaus in this respect, how¬ 
ever. Our Langshans are tremendous eaters, 
and thus far have made poor returns for their 
liberal rations. We get the best results from 
our Wyandottes, all things considered. We 
have a few compact, bloeky birds that seem to 
lay all the time. There are some good Leg¬ 
horn grades that do well in mild weather, but 
a cold snap of a few days always drives most 
of them out of business. It is but fair to say 
that one of our very best layers is a little 
brown hen that seems to be a mixture of all 
breeds, with a little more Brown Leghorn than 
anything else. _ 
In this section laying fowls are about the 
only ones that will pay any money. There is 
too much live and dressed poultry shipppd 
in from the West. It will not pay us to com¬ 
pete with this supply any more than it will 
B now wants the mistake in his mortgage 
rectified. How can he do it, and if he suc¬ 
ceeds will D lose his purchase? 
Ans. —Washhuru on Real Property pp 536- 
587 and 4 Kent 178, agree that the records of 
the town or county in which the lands lie are 
supposed to give full information of grants or 
liens effecting a title, and any one who has a 
deed or mortgage, which he fails to put on 
record in this office, is liable to have bis rights 
ent off by a subsequent deed or mortgage from 
the grantor. This record constitutes public 
notice to all future mortgagees or purchasers 
of the land. If the tuoitgage was correct and 
the. record describes another piece of land 
there is no record of that mortgage. The rec¬ 
ord would, therefore, give C no notice of a 
previous mortgage, and if he was not in any 
way notified of the existance of a previous 
mortgage, and had his property recorded it 
would take presidency over B’s mortgage. 
The same rule would apply to D’s deed, for it 
says,“subject to all encumbrances on record.'' 
B’s remedy would lie with the person or per¬ 
sons who made the error in recording. 
BLACK MINORCAS 
The birds shown at Fig. 106 are considered 
very typical specimens of the above breed. 
The illustration is taken from Vinton’s Ga¬ 
zette. Thu picture gives a better description 
of the external points of the breed than we 
could possibly write. It seems probable that 
Minorcas will become popular in this country. 
In England they are held in high esteem as 
egg producers. We have never tried them, 
but from what we eau learn, they have all the 
laying qualities of the Leghorn, with but little 
of the restless qualities of that breed. They 
are said to lay well in confinement, a charac¬ 
teristic much desired by those who wish to 
combine gardening with poultry keeping. 
The editor of Vinton’s Gazette at the request 
of an American subscriber who wishes to 
know if Minor as are likelv’todo well in this 
country, gives the experience, of five leading 
English breeders which we give 
in substance below. 
One breeder has tried nearly all 
breeds during the last 20 years, 
but finds nothing equal to Minor¬ 
cas. They are hardy, easily rais¬ 
ed, grand layers and stand con¬ 
finement best of all breeds. The 
blacks are preferred to the 
whites. He averaged from four 
pens, 215 eggs from whites, and 
226 from blacks per year. 
Another status that the hens lay 
an egg so large that a spoon can be 
turned around in it. The yelk is 
large and of good flavor. Hens 
average ISO eggs per year—he has 
some that lay o'ver 800. The 
Minorca is not a large eater, and 
for the amount of food it con¬ 
sumes makes wonderful returns. 
The birds stand confinement well. 
Man v arc kept in towns tmd cities 
in pens hardly larger than cages, vj 
yet they lay well and keep in good £35 
health. The combs being large 
are in danger of being nipped by 
the frost unless oiled and cared 
for. The Minorca makes a fair 
table fowl, though of course not 
equal to a bird bred particularly NH 
for the table. 1* 
Other breeders tell much the 
same story. The birds are in every • *45 
case praised for their layiug qual- 
ities and for the ease with which 
they stand confinement. They are 
not such good winter layers as 
heavier-feathered breeds, and do 
not excel as table fowls. They are 
non-sitters. We hope to try this — —_ 
breed soon on onr own grounds. - ^ 
POULTRY NOTES. 
"We had 85.85 worth of eggs from 
a flock of 40 fowls during January. 
Not more than 80 hens did the 
laying. This percentage of win¬ 
ter workers in a flock of poultry 
is above the average. The loafers 
are old hens, fat liens and those 
with big combs and thin feather 
covering. The entire cost of feed¬ 
ing this Hock for .) a unary was 
BLACK MINORCAS. lie-engraved from Vinton’s Gazette. Fi 
wf IIS 
IjiklpIP 
Hi - 'fjpla 
glif 
88.50, or not quite 6* . cents for 
each fowl, At the prices at which eggs have 
sold, the hon that laid two eggs during the 
month more than paid for her feed. 
We have saved about live barrels of ma¬ 
nure from this flock since the middle of No¬ 
vember. This includes the light sprinkling of 
plaster which is put under the roosts at short 
intervals. Hen manure is rated in our neigh¬ 
borhood at from 81 to $1.85 per barrel. At a 
recent auction near us, five barrels sold at 70 
cents each, anil at least half the contents 
turned out. to be coal ashes. Well kept hen 
manure is worth 81.50 per barrel to those who 
know bow to use it. The manure in our yards 
will not bo wasted. Every year one of the 
yards will lie planted to some greeu crop, and 
the hens will be eontined in the other two. 
Cabbage grows well on the soil of an old 
chicken yard and makes tine food for the 
fowls. 
Hereafter wo shall get rid of all bub the 
best of our old hens in June. An extra good 
layer will lie kept for breeding stock. Good 
April or May pullets will bo saved for winter 
layers, aud the majority of them will lie dis¬ 
posed of the following June, The design is to 
keep no hen over one year old except it be one 
with a particularly good egg record. The 
plan will be to keep layers only during the sea 
son when eggs are high in price. Sound busi¬ 
ness will nob permit one to keep fat old hens 
to compete with the western wheat supply. 
But in eggs we have an unsurpassed market. 
We want the breed or cross that will produce 
the greatest number of eggs during the W in¬ 
ter. It will pay us best to breed for eggs 
alone, and to let others supply poultry for the 
table. Of course I speak now of farmers aud 
not of those who make poultry growing their 
sole business. With incubators and the time 
to attend to them money cau be made at rais¬ 
ing broilers for the city markets. But. to the 
great majority who must regard poultry rais¬ 
ing ns a first-class chore, l say breed for eggs. 
HEN MAN ok it. u. 
“ Every Man is presumed to know the Law 
Nine-tenths of all Litiyation arises from Ig¬ 
norance of Law." 
S. L. W., Waseca,Minn. —1. A mortgages his 
farm to B aud gives a second mortgage to C. 
B forecloses before the mortgage is due be¬ 
cause interest has not been paid. Before the 
year for redemption expires. A sells the farm 
to D. Now B timls iu the record book his mort¬ 
gage is ou another piece of laud. C’s mort¬ 
gage is on the right property, and the record 
is all correct except that no mention is made 
iu it of any other mortgage. D’s deed says, 
“subject to all other encumbrances on record.” 
G. H. D., Fredonia, X. Y .— A and B are i 
respectively man and wife, C is a sister of B. 
A deeds land to C. C deeds it to B, no money 
being paid in either case. B has no money ex¬ 
cept what is earned with her husband as man 
and wife. Before any deeds were given there 
was a mortgage ou the property, which A and 
B pay after B comes into possession. B dies, 
can she will the property o whom she wishes? 
Ans.—“A man cannot profit by bis own 
acts:'’ if the man deeds the property in good 
faith, he cannot now recover it, ami his wife 
could will it to whom she wished; although, 
under the statute of frauds his creditors might 
recover. If husband paid money to liquidate 
the mortgage ou the property, he would have 
a claim against the estate for that amount. 
If. S., Brimming , Mo .—Some time about 15 
years ago the town of A under the general 
railroad law was bonded for the purpose of 
aiding in the building of a railroad through 
the said town, said bonds to be payable at the 
expiration of 80 years. Were said bonds a 
lieu upon the real estate within the boundar¬ 
ies of said town at the time of said bonding.' 
A farmer living in an adjacent town lias re¬ 
cently bought land lying contiguous to his 
farm and separated from it only by the high¬ 
way. For his own reasons he applied to the 
proper persons to be permitted to pay the 
taxes upon said land lying in the town of A in 
the town where his home is, which was 
granted. How ‘could said land be’exempted j 
Ans. —The creditors have no re¬ 
course against the property after the debtor's 
death, the wife beeomingsole owner. 
Woman’s IVork. 
CONDUCTED BY EMILY LOUISE TAPLIN. 
MY BABY’S LITTLE SATIN SHOE . 
There’s rain without and rain within. 
Without—from hosts of black browed clouds. 
That darkens all the mountain’s side 
And all the river’s valley shrouds. 
Within—are teardrops dowlas swift 
From their mysterious fountain-head, 
As I sit thinking of the past. 
O’er naming graces of my dead. 
A heartache first, as hot and keen 
As that a drouth must bring to earth, 
While “this aud that" or treasures stored 
I lift, and muse on vanished worth. 
And wish for luxury of tears 
To come, and cool and ease the pain. 
'Tls baby's little satin shoes 
That rap the clouds and bring the rain. 
And looking at the dainty things 
I wonder If her pretty feet 
Have grown too large for these "woe shoon" 
Since they havo walked "the golden street," 
Or keep they still their wondrous charms 
Of rosy hue, and fairy size. 
That, as I held them in my palm. 
Woke gleams of wonder In her eyes? 
I lived once more In that far time. 
When she in crowing, witching glee, 
Looked down upon.her untried feet. 
« These satiu shoes.'justjaced. to see. 
