(Continued from page 169.) 
one-half. If she is in fair condition, so that 
her ribs are easily seen, keep the ration up. 
S. S., Pittston, Pa. —Which of our common 
woods are best for butter packages? 
Ans. —White Oak, White Ash, aud White 
Cedar. _ 
VETERINARY. 
MAMMITIS OIi GARGET. 
E. J. W., West ford, Md. —What ails my 
cows? At one milking they seem all right; 
at the next, one-quarter of the bag will be 
caked and gargetty, and in a day or two there 
will be little or no milk, and whatever there 
is will be bloody and smell bad. The animals 
lose their appetite, aud cough. 
ANSWERED BY DR. F. L. KILBORNE. 
Ans,—W e suspect the difficulty is due to 
some recent injury to the udder, which may 
have occurred, unnoticed by yourself, from 
jumping a fence or other obstruction, step¬ 
ping over a high bar or into a high stable, or 
being chased by dogs. Try to as¬ 
certain the cause, and if it continues, 
it must be removed. In the absence of 
any apparent cause for an injury, give a 
change of feed, making sure that it is all of 
good quality. See that the drinking water is 
pure, and look well to the general health and 
comfort of the animals. At first, fre¬ 
quent warm fomentations, with active 
nibbing, followed by an ointment of 
lard and soft extract of belladonna, would 
have been very beneficial. This is often all 
the treatment necessary. If the inflammation 
becomes severe, suspend the udder in a sling, 
and poultice with grouud linseed or linseed 
meal and bran. Cut small holes in the sling 
for the teats (only a small part of the poultice 
will escape, unless the holes are too large), so 
that the milk can be frequently drawn—three 
or four times daily. The poultice should be 
renewed at least twice daily, each time ap¬ 
plying some of the belladonna extract to the 
indurated udder. If the bad odor con¬ 
tinues, inject into the teat after each 
milking a small quantity of the follow¬ 
ing solution: potassium permanganate aud 
carbonate of soda, each one dram; 
water, one pint. Bottle aud keep ready for 
use. if the animal becomes feverish, with loss 
of appetite, give one pound of Epsom salts with 
two ounces of ginger, in solution, and follow by 
injections of warm water every four hour's, un¬ 
til the bowels are relaxed. Also give thrice 
daily 25 drops of tincture of aconite and one 
ounce of niter. 
CHRONIC DIARRHEA IN A MARE. 
E. W. 11.. Cherry treePa ,—For more than 
two years my 26-year-old mare has been very 
loose in the bowels. She is constantly thirsty. 
After drinking she will stand aud bite the 
manger - as if her teeth hurt. She doesn't eat 
hay or grain well. The more grain we feed, 
the looser are her bowels. Up to last 
spring she was always well. What should ire 
done, for her? 
Ans.— Your description gives us no clue to 
the cause of the trouble. It may be due to im¬ 
perfect mastication of the food, which very com¬ 
monly occurs in old age; to the food itself, im¬ 
pure drinking water or drinking excessive 
quantities of water, to intestinal parasites or 
calculi, or to some chronic disease of the di¬ 
gestive organs. Examine the teeth to see t hat 
none are decayed or overgrown so as to hinder 
mastication. If such is the case they will have 
to be removed or filed. If intestiual worms 
are suspected see general symptoms and treat¬ 
ment in the Farmers’ Club of May 29, 1886, 
and also in late numbers of the Rural. The 
following powder night and morning will be 
beneficial: One-half ounce each powdered gen¬ 
tian, ginger, aud sodium carbonate, two drams 
sulphate of iron, given mixed with the grain, 
or if necessary as a dreuch. Feed only dry 
ground grain (grouud oats or barley aud mid- 
lings will be good with little or no corn) w ith 
a very moderate allowance of hay. Allow" 
only one pailful of water three times daily, ex¬ 
cept in hot weather when more may be allowed, 
especially if at work, but not more than a pail¬ 
ful at a time. It would be better if giveu at 
intermediate periods of only one-half pailful. 
Do not water immediately before or after feed¬ 
ing. See to it that the drinking water is pure 
and the feed all of the first quality. By care¬ 
ful attention to the diet and general care of 
the animal you will probably be able to con¬ 
trol, if not to correct the difficulty. Do not 
attempt to change the condition too much be¬ 
cause it is bettor aud safer to have the bowels 
rather loose than to have them constipated. 
W. T. T., Jieb., N. C .—My cow ha. 1 ? been 
sick for more than a week. Her legs are stiff. 
When she walks she turns her head round 
toward the left fore shoulder which seems 
very painful. She is hearty and eats well; 
and has not failed very much. Her droppings 
are rather scant and very hard; what should 
be done for her? 
Ans. —Give one pound Epsom salts aud one- 
half pound common salt with two ounces gin¬ 
ger as a drench. If the bowels do not respond 
in 24 hours repeat the dose. Frequent injections 
of warm water until the bowels are freely 
opened will also be beneficial. After a free 
action of the bowels has been secured, give 
twice daily,two ounces Epsom salts,two drams 
sulphate of iron and one ounce each powdered 
gentian and bicarborate of soda. If the 
bowels become too loose, omit the salts. The 
diet for a time should be restricted aud laxa¬ 
tive-bran mashes, roots, ground linseed or 
linseed cake, etc. Give free access to common 
salt and pure drinking water, 
vineyard, 
grafting grapes. 
./. B. T., Cheney, Kans .—Grafting grapes 
should be done before the sap begins to flow. 
Many graft iu the fall. The stock is cut off 
near the soil; it is then split through the mid¬ 
dle (cleft grafting) and the cion set precisely 
as in any other grafting. Then it is best to 
heap the soil about the stock and cion. The 
stock should be tightly bound with hast, or 
something of the kind. 
‘•-4 SubscriberManchester , Iowa .—What 
is the hardiest and most profitable grape for 
this section? 
Ans.—W ith some protection by laying down 
iu winter, the Worden will pay well at Man¬ 
chester. Moore’s Early aud Janesville are 
also doing well aud bearing well in that part 
o£ the State. They can be had from almost 
any of the nurserymen that advertise iu the 
Rural. See catalogue notices. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
S. C„ Davenport, W. T .—1. How should 
contracted hoofs m a horse be treated? 2. 
Where can fruit-tree seed be purchased t 6. 
Does cultivation impoverish or enrich perfect¬ 
ly- dry soil? 
Ans. —1. Remove the shoes and round the 
edges of the hoofs to pie vent their breaking 
or splitting. Keep the affected hoofs standing 
in puddled clay reaching well up t he hoofs. 
Continue this as long ns needed. Then keep 
the hoof and sole smeared with the following 
ointment: tallow, half an ounce; oil of turpen¬ 
tine, oneouuce; beeswax,four ounces. In shoe¬ 
ing let the shoe he without bevel on its upper 
side,and let the bearing be equal ou ail parts of 
tho wall of the hoof. 2. Of J. M, Thorburu & 
Co., New York, 8. Cultivating the soil adds 
nothing to it, while a certain loss of nitrogen 
will thereby- be induced. The necessity of 
cultivating exists all the same. But this is an¬ 
other question. 
is as good for forage or ensilage purposes.” 
The Rural has not tried it. 
J. II., Accotink, Va. —Where can I get a 
prize essay on “The Use of Nitrate of Soda as 
Manure,” offered by the Saltpetre Producers’ 
Association of the west coast of South 
America? 
Ans.—W e do not know. 
L. C., Saline, Mich. —You can get good 
maps of Georgia, Alabama aud Florida from 
Rand, McNally & Co., Chicago, Ills. Letters 
addressed to State Land Commissioner at At¬ 
lanta, Ga., Montgomery, Ala,, and Tallahas¬ 
see, Fla., will bring you desired information. 
G. H. B. , Savannah, Ga. —How can a graut. 
of Government land in Florida lie obtained? 
Ans. —Under the Homestead or Preemption 
Laws. Apply to L. A Barnes, Register of 
Land Office, Gainsville, Fla. 
Z. B. T., Newport, It . /.—We have not tried 
the Excelsior fertilizer. The parties recom¬ 
mending it to you are iu every way- reliable. 
W. /’. .S'., Ravenna, Mich.— The implement 
is made by the Httrlburt Mfg. Co., Racine, 
Wis. 
DISCUSSION. 
RED RASPBERRIES. 
A. D. W., Bowling Green, Ky,—I eau’t 
understand why certain varieties of red rasp¬ 
berries are claimed to be perfectly hardy iu 
New York and prove not to be so iu Southern 
Kentucky. Iu the winter of 1885 and 1886, 
the mercury registered 26 degrees below 
zero from six to 20 times, with snow from 
eight to 24 inches. The Cutbbert, Hansill and 
Marlboro were killed to the suow line. The 
present winter has been more mild, four be¬ 
low zero being the coldest up to the present; 
no snow. On examination, I find all the above 
named varieties dead to tho ground, while 
Turner, Thwack, Raucocas and Crimson 
Beauty- are but slightly injured. These last 
named varieties came through last winter in 
as good condition as at present and yielded a 
full crop of fruit. 
R. N.-Y.—Our experience is that there is no 
such thing as a hardy- raspberry. Certain 
varieties will stand 20 degrees below zero dur¬ 
ing one winter and be injured the next winter, 
even though the temperature does not reach 
zero. Age, exposure, soil, wind, alternations 
of thawing and freezing, the rainfall, etc., all 
have to do with the enduriug powers of the 
canes of raspberries. A variety which is ten¬ 
der at the Rural Grouuds may be hardy in 
Massachusetts, as the Clarke, or in Canada, as 
the Brineklu’s Orange, etc. 
./. IF. B.,St. Elisabeth, Canada. —i. What 
book gives plans for bains and stables? 
2. What catalogues of carriages can I secure? 
8. What preparation will make a good water¬ 
proof flat roof ? 
Ans. —Barn Plans aud Outbuildings, 81.5(1; 
Allen’s Rural Architecture, #1.60; BickueJl’s 
Stables and Outbuildings, *2,50; or Hawey’s 
Barns aud Fences. #1; obtainable through 
Am, News Co., of this city. 2, Send to Co¬ 
lumbus Buggy Co., Columbus, Ohio. 8. Cor¬ 
rugated irou, from the Cincinnati Iron Co., 
Cincinnati, Ohio, or the rubber roofing made 
by the Indiana Paint aud Roofing Co., 148 
Duane .Street, New York. This latter cover¬ 
ing costs 82 per 100 feet. 
J, F. R., Fuirhaven, 17.—The best way to 
obtain hands at Castle Garden is to visit the 
place iu person. Better go on one of the first 
three day-s in the week. The laborers are 
mostly Germans or Swedes with a few Irish¬ 
men. Most of them can ui’derstaud a little 
English. They want from *10 to §14 per 
month aud board. It is cheapest to go direct¬ 
ly to the Garden. There are speculators all 
about who charge 82 for securing hands. 
Many of these hands will work a few days 
aud then go hack to the city without warning, 
to hire themselves out again. Write to Supt, 
Jackson at the Garden for information. 
IF. H.Woodlawn, Pa.—How can I tan 
a horse’s hide to make a robe? 
Ans. —You had better let a tanner under¬ 
take the job aud finish the leather soft; an 
amateur would spoil the job and the hide to¬ 
gether, with the best intentions. The tanning 
is doue with bark in the usual way, but there 
is no after dressing, except finishing the 
leather soft and thinning it down sufficiently. 
A. E. IF., Modus, Conn ,—The facts 
are interesting, but we doubt if cuttiug 
the corms of the gladiolus iu two had any¬ 
thing to do with the increase of petals of tho 
Hewers borne. We have tried year after 
year to fix this disposition to doubling occa¬ 
sionally shown iii gladioli, without success. 
“GoguacBattle Creek, Mich .—We have 
always regarded Burrell & Whitman, of Tut¬ 
tle Falls, N. Y., as a very trustworthy firm. 
They write us that the growth of the B. A; W. 
corn “is large; it is sweet, aud stock will eat 
the whole of it. We know of no variety that 
(Continued on Supotement, page 175.) 
Essex Swine. —Joseph Harris has many- 
good things to say aboutthis breed of swine iu 
the N. E. Homestead. Essex breeders may 
certainly claim that as compared to size, a 
well-bred aud fat Essex will give a good ac¬ 
count of himself ou the scales, dead or alive. 
In quality of flesh the Essex is unsurpassed by 
any other breed, either to cut up fresh or for 
pork, bacon, hams or lard. They are remark¬ 
ably deep in the flank, thus affording a good 
quantity of the best “breakfast bacon.” The 
most striking characteristic of Essex pigs is 
their extreme docility of disposition. They 
never squeal, the slightest fence will keep them 
in the pasture, and they rarely quarrel among 
themselves. They are the quietest and most 
gentle of all pigs, and the most refined. By- 
refined, Mr. Harris means, small bones, small 
head aud ears, and small offal of all kinds. 
The Essex will dress more, he says, in propor¬ 
tion to live weight, than auy other breed of 
pigs. In other words, there is less offal in 
proportion to carcass than in any other 
breed of like degree of fatness. The sows are 
good breeders and gentle mother*. Occasion¬ 
ally he has known sows that would not breed 
till they were two y-ears old—but they after¬ 
wards proved grand breeders, having large 
litters of strong pigs, aud continuing to breed 
for many years. As grazers, no pigs equal tho 
the Essex. The Essex are "easy kee|iers,” They 
are so quiet, so refined and so gentle that it re¬ 
quires little food to keep them in good breeding 
condition. Their principal, perhaps their only 
defect, Mr. Harris concludes, is that they do 
not eat enough; and a defect it certainly is. 
Dehorning Jerseys. —Mr. John Brooks, 
of Princeton, Mass., informs Mr. CUeever, of 
the N. E. Farmer, that his experiments at 
making hornless cows of his pure Jersey calves 
huvo been highly satisfactory. Last spring 
he operated upon five heifers, when but a few 
weeks old, takiug the iacipieut horns and a 
ring of surrounding skin out at a cleau cut 
with a pocket kuife. It was a simple thing to 
do. caused little apparent paiu, and the sores 
quickly healed over, the hair soon covering 
the shrunken scars entirely from view. He 
purposes to continue the practice of dehorning 
his annual increase of calves till he shall have 
a full herd of pure “no horn” Jerseys. 
TRUE INWARDNESS. 
Winter reveals the farmer, says Mr, Stahl, 
in the Albauy Cultivator. 
Mr. J. H. Hall says that success with 
small fruits can be attained by aiming high 
and securing only the best. “You are sure to 
get left in auy business if you are continually 
treading on the tail of progress aud hallooing 
‘whoa’ to every new idea.”. 
The Poultry Keeper says that those who 
wish to raise compact, heavy, fine-grained 
broilers or fowls for market, should try Dork¬ 
ings. A cross of a Dorking cock on large hens, 
especially Brahmas or Cochins, makesnot only 
a heavy carcass, but an attractive one. 
A writer in the American Florist says that 
the roses that must take first rank for winter 
foreiug in the future arc the Bride, American 
Beauty, W. F. Rennet, Papa Goutier and 
Sunset ... 
TnE Rural aud Stockman says that the law¬ 
yer element in our government is one that 
should be got rid of. We have n lawyer aris¬ 
tocracy and as a whole it is about as useless 
aud burdensome as any aristocracy. Being 
two-thirds tongue and the other third impu¬ 
dence, the lawyer politician always pushes to 
the front ... 
It is evident from the chemist’s last report 
of the Department of Agriculture that Com. 
Column has much to do before he can discover 
processes which will make the manufacture of 
sorghum sugar so simple aud so cheap that this 
industry will seriously interfere with the man¬ 
ufacture of cane sugar. So says Ben Perley 
Poore iu the Boston Cultivator. 
In Rawson & Co.’s catalogue (Boston, Mass.) 
may be found a very correct colored plate of 
“new sweet peas” which those who propose to 
raise these beautiful annuals would do well to 
examine. Sweet peas may not scare up a 
craze, but of late years they are much prized 
for their brilliant, pure colors aud for their 
durability when cut. 
James J. H. Gregory says that the Queen 
Onion, introduced several years ago, is as 
early as any and deserves a place in every 
market garden. He says the Queen can be 
planted as late as July . 
Mr. Gregory in plowing for onions uses a 
gang plow and a Meeker harrow. He esti¬ 
mates that one of these gang plows aud har¬ 
rows will do the work of 18 men. 
He sows ou light land not over four pounds 
of onion seed to the acre. If the land Is rich 
and moist, he uses six pouuds. 
The distance of the rows depends upon the 
soil. Where onions make a very rank growth 
18 inches may not be too far apart; otherwise 
sow from 12 to 15 inches apart. 
Mr. Watson, in the Live Stock Indicator, 
talks of “converting lighting horned devils in¬ 
to polled, peaceful quakers.”.. 
The new Japaueso Buckwheat (Henderson) 
is advertised as maturing a grain twice the 
size of other varieties. It ripeus a week ear¬ 
lier than Silver Hull and yields far more. The 
stem is said to be heavier and the plant more 
branching, for which reasou less seed is re¬ 
quired. 
Try the Eatou Grape; the Golden Queen 
Raspberry, the Earhart blackcaps; t he Mari- 
auua Plum; the Crimson Cluster and Jesse 
Strawberries; the Industry Gooseberry. 
Plant a few of the European filberts. 
“It's iu the feed.” Yes, that’s exactly 
where it is, says the Breeder's Gazette. There 
is money in the bauk, too, but it needs u good 
mau’s check to get it out. Aud it needs good 
cattle just as truly to get a dollar’s worth of 
value out of a dollar’s worth of food. Do not 
drawou the corn-crib with a scrub—the check 
will never be paid iu full . 
At the last meeting of the Mass, Hurt. So¬ 
ciety, M. B. Faxon read a paper ou “Annuals 
and their Cultivation.” He said that success 
hi the cultivation of any flower, fruit or vege¬ 
table is exactly iu proportion to the cure aud 
labor bestowed upon the soij for the reception 
of the seed or plant. 
For the last five years Mr. Faxou has de¬ 
voted the largest purt of his leisure to the cul¬ 
tivation of asters, sweet peas, pansies and 
tropu.'Olums, and tried to grow them to some¬ 
thing like perfection. He believes that, there 
is a future for these flowers that, will far exceed 
thuexpeotutious of the most enthusiastic culti¬ 
vators .. ... .. 
He plants asters first about March 1st, and 
again April 1st, iu t.he greenhouse in shallow 
boxes, aud as soon as the plants are well up, 
