each one per cent. He would plant largely 
for quality, even iu a market apple. 
Col. Holloway, an old resident of Hillsdale, 
would increase the per cent, of Baldwin iu the 
above list, on account of its many good qual¬ 
ities. Tho first four for his vicinity in his 
opinion are, in order of preference, Baldwin, 
X. Spy, Canada Red, Golden Russet. He 
thinks that Canaria Red is best if top-grafted, 
and especially if double-worked. It does best 
on Baldwin or Spy. Tho Golden Russet also 
does well when double-worked. Ben Davis 
sells well in New Orleans and elsewhere in the 
South. He would grow it as a wind-break to 
our better fruit and ship the apples out of the 
State to places whore people are willing to 
buy them. He would recommend grafting 
Baldwin on Goldeu Russet or Spy to increase 
its hardiness. 
Mr. Cttryell would set about as follows:— 
Baldwin, 2U per cent.; Northern Spy, 15; Red 
Canada. 15; Golden Russet, 15; Talman Sweet, 
five; Greening, five. 
C. A. Sessions advised tho selection of sandy 
soil for potatoes. We cut seed too small. He 
would use either whole potatoes or only halve 
thorn. Ho plants iu a broad furrow, covering 
with a plow, and after one week going over 
with a smoothing harrow. Commence culti¬ 
vating early and keep it up as often as once a 
week. If cultivating is delayed too long a 
new crop of tubers sets with each new cultiva¬ 
tion. For medium-early he would plant 
Beauty of Hebron; for late. White Elephant, 
aud on light soils tho White Star. Burbank 
is good under favorable conditions. 
Professor Dr ake, of the Hillsdale College, 
said the schools are now doing nothing for 
horticulture. It may not yet be time to in¬ 
troduce horticulture as a branch, but teachers 
should have some instruction in it, and should 
be required to give oral instruction «t certain 
times. At the close of the address the follow¬ 
ing resolution was adopted: 
Resolved, That the State Board of Educa¬ 
tion be requested to prepare, or cause to be 
prepared, upon the subject of practical horti¬ 
culture, a syllabus which shall provide for a 
series Of lectures upon this subject; and that 
conductors and instructors at the several 
State Institutes to be held by and under the 
direction of the State .Sunerintendent of Pub¬ 
lic Instruction, during the present year and 
thereafter, be instructed to give nt least one 
lecture or exercise before the teachers atten¬ 
dant upon sueh institutes, indicating the best 
method of teaching the simpler elements and 
rudiments of horticulture in the public schools 
of this State. suss 
Pain) ijitsbamln). 
A PROFITABLE MILK DAIRY. 
A SHORT time since, I stated in the Rural 
that 1 keep from 8 to 14 cows on 21 acres of 
land, and not half of tbatsuitablo to plow. A 
friend writes to ask how it cau be done. I did 
not try to convey the idea that I raised all the 
feed for the cows on my place. I stated that 
1 bought 10 tous of feed at one time and also 
hay. I sell milk iu Jamestown, aud iu order 
to keep up my supply have beeu obliged to 
buy and sell cows. I get new milch or farrow 
cows, and milk aud feed them into beef, 
changing from two to three times per year. 
My barn has a basement, warm in winter and 
cool in summer. I claim that flies cause most 
of tho shrinkage of milk iu hot weather. We 
turn the cows out in the morning and. they 
will come back to the barn at about 10 o’clock. 
We make it. all dark and have something for 
them to eat. They lie down, contented, until 
about three o'clock, when they are milked 
and turned out until morning. The cows 
always have dry feed within reach. I fiud 
that they will eat a good deal of refuse stuff 
that they would not touch in winter, even 
when they have all the green food they will 
eat. My accounts show the following busi¬ 
ness done in my milk dairy. 
Milk Sold. Cost of feed 
lssi..,.Hl > as7(iuarls, worth $1,709.51 liU.75 
1W....1UM " " 780.41 851.18 
l'i'Ki—2I.9SS *• •• 1U7.SS 488.20 
Milk cost, tho most in 18 . 81 !, as three acres of 
sowed corn came up poorly, and what did 
grow was cut by the frost. The feed item 
should not be charged wholly to the cows, ns 
a pair <>t horses, one to eight hogs aud a flock 
ot hens are fed. We give our best attention 
to raising berries. We keep the cows aud buy 
feed as much for the manure as for auy other 
reason. a. l. herrick. 
Chautauqua Co., N. Y. 
|^0i!Itn) Darfr. 
THE BEST CROSSES FOR THE 
FARMER, 
BY AN OLD HAND. 
1 nE farmer does not devote much time to 
the development of points iu poultry, nor does 
he really give preference to any particular 
breed until he has tested it. This is due to the 
fact that fowls multiply rapidly and mature 
in a few months, which places the best breeds 
always within reach. Knowing this, the far¬ 
mer endeavors to seenre good results by cross¬ 
ing the breeds iu order to combine not only 
egg-production and weight of carcass, but al¬ 
so attractiveness, hardiness and quality of 
flesh. 
As a rule, the majority of farmers know 
nothing about the breeding of their poultry, 
and it is a fact too apparent that many far¬ 
mers cannot point out the difference between 
a Cochin and Brahma, or a Dominique and 
Plymouth Rock, a state of affairs that is only 
equaled by a carpenter who does not know 
pine from oak. Until farmers make them¬ 
selves more familiar with the breeds aud their 
characteristics, they cannot engage iu poultry 
raising intelligently, aud they wall make 
many mistakes, to be ascribed to the fowls 
when the poultryman himself alone is at 
fault. 
In crossing breeds, the first point to be 
sought is early maturity, so as to be able to 
hatch pullets in April and have them lay in 
the fall, or on the approach of winter. The 
next is to breed them so as to secure hardi¬ 
ness, size and small combs. The size of the 
comb has more to do with winter laying than 
may be supposed, for the larger the comb the 
greater the surface exposure, aud as hens with 
frosted combs will not lay until the combs 
heal, the liability should be avoided. Size 
aud quality of the carcass are other important 
matters, as a pound or two more weight some¬ 
times makes a difference of 35 per ceut. in the 
sales. If the flock is composed of common 
hens, it may be improved iu two or three sea¬ 
sons by the use of males only: but it is better 
to use pure breeds, as then the characteristics 
of the foundation stock will be better under¬ 
stood. 
An excellent cross is that of the Light Brah¬ 
ma cock with White Leghorn hens. Some 
advise crossing the other way—using a Leg¬ 
horn cock—but there is quite a difference, the 
offspring of the Brahma cock having smaller 
combs aud larger bodies, aud proving quite as 
early and prolific as the other cross. If kept 
warm and comfortable, the pullets of the 
cross named will lay well during the winter, 
and if not made too fat, will not be persistent 
sitters. Auy breed of fowls will make sitters 
if they become very fat, not excepting even 
the non sitters. If the pullets of this cross 
be kept and mated with a Plymouth Rock or 
Dorking cock the produce will be equal to any 
other for market, and it is here suggested that 
the Dorking is not given that consideration as 
a market fowl it justly deserves. The Dork¬ 
ing here is only a moderate layer, but the 
cocks, as sires of market poultry, have no 
superior, especially if used for crossing. 
Tin- Minorca cock mated with Langslian 
bens makes an excellent cross, the pullets from 
such laying unusually large sized eggs; butthe 
black color of the plumage does not commend 
it for market, yet iu quality of flesh it is su¬ 
perior to many breeds with yellow skin and 
legs. If such pullets be crossed with a white 
Gamecock, however, the white color will pre¬ 
dominate. and a fowl will be produced beiug 
one-half Game, one-fourth Laugshan and one- 
fourth Minorea.that cannot be excelled for the 
table, as it is acknowledged that the Game 
leads all other breeds for that purpose. 
For hardiness the Asiatics have the lead, 
and for that reason should always he used 
in crosses. Their large size serves to increase 
the weight when the non-sitting breeds are 
used with them in order to promote egg pro¬ 
duction, but whenever crosses are made for 
market not only must compactness of body l>e 
obtained, but yellow legs and skin also. For 
capons a cross of the Dorking cock on the 
Brahma hen is best, and fora general-purpose 
cross that of the Plymouth Rock cock on W'y- 
audotte hens isexcelleut, as the cross makes uot 
ouly good layers but fine broilers and market 
fowls. 
-»♦» 
POULTRY EXPERIENCE. 
What you say on page 114 is sound. The 
Asiatic fowls are best adapted to the West 
where the corn cribs are. For the East give 
me a laying strain. I have been iu the poul¬ 
try and egg business for 2d years. My exper¬ 
ience convinces me that for profit in the East, 
I would select the Wyandotte for winter lay¬ 
ing and the Leghorn for summer. These 
breeds are to the egg market what the Jersey 
cow is to the dairy. For hatching eggs I se¬ 
lect those of average size, aud as nearly per¬ 
fect in shape as I can get. I pick out my best 
layers by looking after my fowls every day. 
A good breeder will know each fowl by name 
just us a dairyman can distinguish his cows. 
I keep my best layers till they are two years 
old. The others go at one year. I look after 
my breeding stock myself. I would select a 
(Continued on next page,] 
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I have suffered from Salt Rheum Id. r eight 
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W. L. DOUGLAS 
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