answers to correspondents. 
I Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure nttent Ion. Before 
asking a question, please see If It Is not answered In 
our advert Islng columns. Ask only a few questions at 
one time. Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
ik a ni t orchard profitable in mo? 
M. L. IK., Butler, Mo ,—On my farm there 
are about 300 acres of timber land—pecans, 
shellbark hickory, black walnuts autl some 
hazel-nuts. The hickory nuts are about the 
size of walnuts. Would it bo more profitable, 
on the whole, to clear the land and seed it to 
grass, or thin it out for u nut orchard? 
ANSWERED BY PROFESSOR J. W. SANBORN, MO. 
AO’li COLL. 
The question is a somewhat difficult one to 
answer,and 1 believe can bo best auswered by 
the inquirer himself, who kuows his markets 
best and the character of Ids land. My obser¬ 
vation has boon that pood land well managed 
should and does pay better under cultivation 
than the same land in forests. Interest here 
in Missouri averages eight, per cent, or over, 
and this sum makes a forest growth come very 
dear; in short, as a rule, far beyond its value. 
Fow farmers are willing to grow forests for 
philanthropic purposes and will not unless 
they pay as well as steers, butter, wheat, 
etc.? then the land will thus be used and not 
before to any material extent. Missouri is 
heavily wooded over largo areas, and for 
large sections lumber and wood have only a 
nominal value. A nice growth of black wal¬ 
nut hies a material value, yet it is so plentiful 
and comparatively cheap here that little at¬ 
tention is given to its growth and in the popu¬ 
lar mind our good lauds will pay better in 
crops. From the standpoint of the nut crop, 
black walnuts hero in Browne Co. decay on the 
ground hy the car-load and are without prac¬ 
tical market value. The hickory nut is also 
abundant here; hut is valued higher thnu the 
English walnut, yet not enough to cause it to 
enter into the calculations of our farmers to a 
material extent. In the front yard of the Col¬ 
lege Farm wo get three or four barrels. Hick¬ 
ory nuts sell at 50 cents a bushel in our town 
iu hearing years. I am not prepared to ad¬ 
vise the destruction of a black walnut grove, 
as it is of such value for timber, and when a 
good growth is started well along it should pay 
well. N. I., W.’s hickory nut crop is best es¬ 
timated by himself; but at our price at Col¬ 
umbia they seem to lie profitable; yet as said, 
little attention is giveu them. If ho can get a 
net profit of *<; a year for this purpose per 
acre, the laud had bettor remain us it is, and 
as the case stands with him—the trees partly 
grown—it would seem to be best to 
retain the walnut for timber and the hickory 
for mite at the net average yearly profit above 
stated. 
Ttt.K DRAINING A DEPRESSION. 
(!. II., New York City ,—I have a low place 
upon my farm that in ordinary seasons to the 
extent of four or five acres is covered with 
water. I commenced an open ditch last fall, 
but gravel and quicksand necessitate the use of 
tile. The dram is about 100 roils long, with 
sufficient fall (1 don’t know just how much) 
and shall be very much obliged if you cun give 
mo any idea as to what size drain tile will bo 
needed to carry olT the water ? 
ANSWERED BY PROF. It. C. CARPENTER. 
Before such a question eau bo answered defi¬ 
nitely, information should bo given res]tooting 
the fall that can be obtained, the amount of 
water in addit ion to the rainfall that must be 
taken oil', and also the heaviest showers that 
may be ex poet I'd. The total annual rainfall 
is not considered in such a ease. The diameter 
of a drain iu inches,'that will remove one-lmlf 
inch in depth, from the area in question is given 
by the following formula; 
ti=— .5848 " V A 3 i 
A 
In which 
d diameter of tile in inches. 
A area expressed in acres. 
I - length expressed in feet. 
h - full expressed in feet. 
As a rule this would be; the diameter in 
inches of the required tile is equal to .5848 
multiplied hy the fifth root of the square of 
the number of acres multiplied by the quo¬ 
tient of the length dividedHiy the fall. This 
gives in almost every case the proper size of 
the tile to lie used, as it is usually necessary 
to provide tile of capacity sufficient to carry 
one-half inch of water from the land in one 
day to prevent injury from heavy showers. 
If the land is flooded from adjacent lands still 
larger tile may be needed:— 
Example—What size of tile is needed to 
drain five acres of land, drain 1,000 feet long 
and fall 10 feet. 
We have:— 
d .5848 V (25) ) “3 inches nearly. 
For fall of 1 foot in 500; 
d — (i inches nearly. 
For fall of 1 foot iu 1,000. 
d = 8 inches nearly. 
This same rule, expressed in a different way, 
which is often more convenient for use, is: 
/ 5 h 
A=8.8 V <* - 
Probably the area in question would be safely 
drained by a four-inch tile, from the informa¬ 
tion given. I judge, however, that 6. H. 
will be able to decide for himself. 
ABORTION IN SOWS. 
,/. (', Z., Troy , Kilns ,—I breed 45 sows. 
They begun slinking at Christmas, and have 
lost 75 per cent, of their pigs. They were fed 
twice a day on corn, and once on wheat bran 
with salt in the trough, with all the spring 
water they would have. They would average 
800 pounds at 10 months. What caused the 
abortiou ? 
Ans. —The abortion may have been due to 
any one of a great variety of causes. Your 
brief description gives us no clue to the par¬ 
ticular cause in this instance. We suspect, 
however, that it was due to some fault in the 
feeding, cure or management of the animals. 
To prevent a repetition of the occurrence, ex¬ 
ercise special care, and try to discover ami re¬ 
move any cause liable to produce abortion. 
Do not crowd the sows, and under no circum¬ 
stances allow the boar to run with them 
after they have become pregnant. Give the 
sows clean, comfortable quarters, with a 
mixed diet. Do not feed too exclusively on 
coin. As soon ns au animal shows indications 
of abortion, remove to some distance from 
the other pregnant animals. 
MANSHURY BARI.HY. 
J. L, Me. A., Curtis, Neb. —1. Is the Man- 
shury Barley catalogued by Hiram Sibley & 
Co., and said to have come from Canada, the 
same as the Manshury barley mentioned by the 
Rural? 2. Can it, lie sown in spring and pro¬ 
duce a crop the same year? 
ANSWERED BY J. S. WOODWARD. 
1. It is precisely the same. It was not intro¬ 
duced from Canada, but was imported iu 1861 
hy Mr. H. Granow, of Iowa County, Wiscon¬ 
sin. He found it in Germany where it had been 
taken from Manschuria or Mnntschooria, 
a dependency or province of tbeChineseEmpire 
bordering on Russia on the northeast. It was 
distributed extensively by the Department of 
Agriculture. It is a fine barley of heavy 
weight, large yield, stiff straw and from 10 
days to two weeks later thau other six-rowed 
varieties. 2. It is a spring barley and will 
ripen if sowed in spring; but, Like all barleys, 
does best when sowed very early. 
AFTER BUCKWHEAT, WHAT? 
C. 1). P., Bristol, Conn .—What crop besides 
potatoes will do well after buckwheat? 
Ans. —We have found buekwheatso trouble¬ 
some to crops which follow it. that we now set 
apart a piece of laud for It and do not try to 
grow any other crop ou it for several years. 
By sowing rye with the clover a “catch” can 
generally lie secured, and the rye can be 
plowed under the next, spring; if not there 
will bo a good stand of volunteer buck¬ 
wheat anil if you will sow oats on the 
land iu the winter when the ground is frozen, 
the thawing anil freezing will cover it, and it 
will make a good growth to plow down unless 
you find it so promising as to leave it for a crop. 
We have seen so much trouble with the buck¬ 
wheat sprouting and choking the crops, and it 
also seems so to poison t he laud for corn that we 
would never follow it with a cultivated crop. 
Miscellaneous. 
D. B. S., Steuben Co,, N, Y.— 1. What are 
carbo-hydrates? 2. What is the value of 
bright, barn-stored wheat, oat or bar¬ 
ley straw for feed when Timothy hay is worth 
$11 per ton, clover hay $fl? 2. How can I 
ventilate my cow stable— u building about 
68x50 feet, with a passageway in front of the 
cows for feeding, and another behind them 
for cleaning out? The story overhead is used 
for bedding. 4. Will new-process oil meal 
injure the flavor of butter? 
Ans. 1.1 u speakingof carbo-hydrates,scien¬ 
tists refer to a class of foods that contain no 
nitrogou. They are given this name lieoauso 
they consist simply of carbon autl the ele¬ 
ments of water, hydrogen and oxygen. They 
supply fat and heat to the animal’s body, but 
alone will not sustaiu life for more than a 
(Continued on next page.) 
Pride of the Hint. Klnc ,lf 
thoWosti end .Monarch 
of ell. Thou»aml» in u-**? 
i jurlvttiff teti»feetl<m. Tho 
w ' heat *hov»d brunt spring 
regnlntimt device ever 
tnrcnt»Mi, Shovel brestt* 
ssa&ss- 
Qubjoetg tho loll to tho action of a "tool Omhtr and Lmler, Aalto tit Cm thing, lotting, Lifting, Toning Frocoti of 
Dootlo 3’anga of Cut Steal CooUorj. Cutting pmr it isuntni*. Ahaoaco of Spiles or spring Tooth avoids polling op rubbish. 
Osh Harrow that out* over tho ontiro mrfioo of tn» ground. <■ . 
Dines, 8 to 15 ft. will. With and without Sulky attachment. We deliver free at Distributing Depots. 
gVV DO NOT BE DECEIVED. Don’t let dealers palm off a base imitation or 
some inferior tool under the assurance that it ri better. SATISFY YOURSELF 
BY ORDERING AN “ACME ” ON TRIAL. We will send a double S aug Acme 
fTpMJ 1 AT to any responsible farmer in the United States; if it does not suit, he may send it 
-R back,' we paying return freight. We don’t ask pay Until tried on his own farm. 0 
Hemi for pnniphlel containing thousand* uf tenliinouUlt from 48 -SIbIi-h ami Terris wrier. 
Branch Office: HI f A MC LI M AOU Manufactory a Puincipai Office, 
540 So. Clark St, CHICAGO. L/UnlNC n. INrton, Millington. New .Jersey. 
iV. if.— “TILLAGE IS MANURE" and other essay# sent j'ree to parties who NAME THIS PAPER. 
BPRIZSTG VEGETABLES and PLOWERS 
AImo KARLY AND IMtlMK TOBACCO HKD PLANT*. 
Farmers. (i.tanKNms, and FhOROTS. u-*.- the PATENT PROTECTING CLOTH originated and prepared only 
by Undersigned. It Is equal to glass -ash (ami costs but tenth us nun-in ou Cold Frames and Hot Reds, and 
for Tobacco Plant Hi"Is has no equal. Protects from frost. Promotes haRDV and RATIO urowtii. Don't 
shrink or decay rapidly. Widely known, strongly endorsed, and freely used by large growers. Retails 
for8, <i, and nets per yard.and is 3S Inches wide. Send for olreuiars. samples, et<\, free. 
1. S. WATERPROOFING FIBRE CO.. r,r. SOUTH STREET, NEW YORK. 
WILLIAMS & CLARK CO.’S 
HIGH GRADE BONE FERTILIZERS. 
ANIM0NI4TED BONE SUPERPHOSPHITE. 
No Fertilizer Selling at the Same Price Shows 
48 ^ a ^ uat ' oa ' It* Leads All Others. 
/ v /\ ^ rr ^: i:_ 
No Fertilizer Selling at the Same Price Shows 
as High Valuation. It Leads All Others. 
Potato Fertilizer 
Contains all the Plant Food necessary for a large 
crop ot potatoes. 
“Out of some HO varieties of Potatoes exhibited at the 
'•’air of the Farm I ngl on Valley Agrlcull urtU Societ y held 
f rlils Fall, Fix tec n first, ore rn I um « wr re awarded to varieties 
] grown on your Special Potato Fertilizer. Thla must show 
It Is superior to the others ’’ 
• others “ 
8. E. Brows, Cantos Okntku, Conn. 
FEKTILIZEKS FOR ALL CROPS. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
Principal Office, Cotton F.xchange Building, N. Y. 
for Sals by Local Jf-ett*. 
AGENTS WANTED. 
_J 
Best Selling Tool on Earth. 
PULVERIZING HARROW, CLOD 
Crusher and 
Leveler. 
ECCS FOR HATCHINC. 
From superior Lt. Brahmas, Plymouth Rooks, Wyandotte* and Pekin Ducks. 
PUT’S for Sale at $10 each. Send for Circular and Price List. Address 
Thoroughbred COLLIE 
WEsr.EY B. BARTON, Pittslleld, Mass 
Mroiu Eiightr*. 
AUTOMATIC AND 
h.n Sun V.fcrs, 
Ntitlonary, forobl* amt 
Traction. < itMpMI 
jd' 1 be.i for all pnrtw»ea. 
Simple, itromt anil ture 
ble. No Kanpibar Imiler 
arerea pIimI.hI. saw Mill,,. 
Threehin* Mnohlora and 
Agricultural Implement* 
and machinery generally. 
Send for Illue'd t'aulogue 
.4. lt. J-'iirutt/itir, 
York, Pa. 
Agent, waned Catalogue free SsOCb 4 DfCmgoU, Tiri, P». 
GREAT REDUCTION IN 
;,o»o in Use. KEMP’S MANURE 
* SPREADER 
land CART COMBINED. 
Grcatcat a ^ 
Agricultural Invention ... 
or the Agrl Knvca 90 per cent, ot labor, 1 , 
value or the Manure. Spread* avrnly all kind* ol 
manure, broadcast or In dt ill, lu one-tenl'n lime required 
by hand. Uluotrated Catalogue* fro«. 
KEMP A BURPEE MF’O CO., Syracuse, N. Y. 
Edward Harrison 
MXXjXj CO.. 
yJEa/ Manufacturer* of II VKRIMO'X’* 
STANDARD Ul KU STONE 
Wj- -s GRIMUNW and IT.OI ItINU 
Mai , \ MIl.L> ot all liar* aiid^varbiie* for 
JvLA 1 HoiwaA Ilami Fewer. 
HI a I . a. i i | ri^.-wiug yrrat ea|«i> 
jOy R XhObI JM ,l " I'lr.luilly. t, 
hi u., 
.AWf? J* do w hat we 
v, tur • tor "ur in, 
j/' ■ ■ - 
this paper. The Kdw. Harnw 
Mill Co. N.w I Uv.n.rt,, ot OolnmboA. < 
mTT T5 1? The I’rovcrh e(ivs, “Prvjwdlcc 
IT I Fi r . la a thief," because It robs you 
A * of many good things. Wo sug¬ 
gestthatyou don't let prejudice rob you or the chance 
to try our goods this year. BOWKER FERTILIZER 
OO., uoHtou ajul Nt v w York, 
THE DANA 
CENTRIFUGAL-GOVERNOR 
4r, WINDMILL. 
LjBl Is the best working and most powcrthl Wind- 
l\J/l Engine In the world, I localise It ks the only one 
r ML which unites the mart perfect form of wind- 
fBi— wheel with tho iwiuir perfect method of regu- 
latiou. Geared Mills a ,i»eriiilty. 
/ I For TVsi-ri|Hlvc ClrenlnTS nriTilv to 
JtS r'w THE DAN A WJNDMItX CO.. 
<HiUM rAlRltarKN. MAAS., tf. «■ A. 
DELAWARE COUNTY 
CREAMERY 
-We will pay Freight.— 
Write for our wholesale offer 
to first purchaser. Address 
Delaware County Creamery Co., 
^ RENTON II VRUttli, MICH. 
STODDARD CHURN 
Over 15,000 tti ii*r. 
Highest award* at leading Fairs. 
Made of White Oak. No limits 
or puddles The principle is 
ooncuHSioti. not friction. Nine 
sizes, For Dairy and Kite- 
torv. With or without pulleys. 
Cover removed Instantly. Boat 
fastener made. J 
MOSELEYASTODDARQ.MFG CO 
FOLLTXKY Vermont. 
WIDE-CUT 
Centre - Draft 
SAVES 
Time and Money 
EUREKA 
\l M OWER 
*t» yh e Most Economical Movur in tha World'trt* 
The l.l'ltEK A will aecotnplbhSO-i more work 
with 'be same power and produee a better quaUty 
of Hay. Used atui endorsed by the most promi¬ 
nent agriculturalists in the land. See it work and 
be convinced. Write for new 1887 Catalogue. 
Mention this paper. 
EUREKA MOWER CO., UTOCA, N. Y. 
