9 
(Continued from page 189.) 
few days. Starch, sugars and gums are ex¬ 
amples of carbo-hydrates. Nitrogenous com¬ 
pounds, or those containing nitrogen, are 
called albuminoids or proteids. A good ra¬ 
tion contains a well-balanced mixture of these 
two foods. 2. Taking the price of the Timo¬ 
thy hay as a basis for figuring, and supposing 
the straw to be first-class, the wheat straw 
would be worth $5,80 per ton for feeding, the 
oat straw $7 and the barley $5.20. A good 
feeder ought to get more than these values 
out of these foods. 8. Wo should prefer to 
have windows back of the cows, or box venti¬ 
lators built up back of the cows to the top of 
- the building. The object is to let the pure 
air enter before the cows and pass away back 
of them. 4. Not when fed in moderate quan¬ 
tities. There is frequent complaint about 
butter made from cows fed upou old-process 
meal, but by the new-process much of the ob¬ 
jectionable surplus of oil is removed. 5. 
Calves can be dehorned at one month old. 
The embryo horn is cut or gouged out and the 
wound seared with a hot iron. In dehorning 
older cattle the object is to cut as close to the 
skull as possible. Send to H. H. Haaff, At¬ 
kinson, Ill., for a copy of his book on dehoru 
iug. Price 30 cents. 
J. B. M.. Nnncia, Mich. —What are good 
plums for hardiness, home use and market in 
this latitude/ 
A ns. —For hardiness, Yellow Egg, Loin 
bard, Bradshaw', Bavay's Green Gage, Dam¬ 
son; for home use there is none better than 
the foregoiug that can be depended upon, and 
the same for market, for the reason that these 
are the surest to withstand the premature loss 
of foliage so prevalent there, almost certainly 
followed by winter-killing. Forty miles far¬ 
ther north, in Oceana County, almost any of 
the popular varieties succeed perfectly; none 
of the Chickasaw or Americana varieties are 
successful there. 
J. IF., Minnesota, Dak. —My mare’s udder 
gets very much swollen and feverish w r hen she 
is about to have a colt, aud after the birth of 
the colt she won’t let it suck; what shall I do 
to prevent this when she has her next colt.' 
Ans. —Feed sparingly for three or four 
weeks before foaling. If the udder then be¬ 
comes feverish aud swollen before foaling be¬ 
gin drawing the milk several times daily, and 
night and morning apply a little soft extract 
of belladonna to the inflamed udder. 
J. D., Logan Co., Kans. —How are calves 
dehorned ? 
Ans.— Last week's Rural, page 170, tells 
how Mr. Brooks dehorned five Jersey calves 
when a few weeks old by taking out the incip¬ 
ient boras aud a ring of the surrounding skin 
by a clean cut with a pocket knife. It ap¬ 
peared to cause little pain and the sores quickly 
healed over, the hair soou covering the scars. 
Another way is to burn the nascent horn but¬ 
ton with a red-hot iron, which will cause little 
pain and will stop the growtli of the lioru, 
See above. 
D. L. M<G., McGregor, la. —We do not find 
the Rural Brandling Cora in any Western cat¬ 
alogue. J. M, Thorburn & Co., and Peter 
Henderson, both of New' York; J. J. H. Greg¬ 
ory, Marblehead, Mass.; W. W. Rawson & 
Co., Boston, Mass., offer it for sale. Price, 25 
cents per pound. About two quarts to the 
acre we should guess will be sufficient. 
M. //., Sedalia, Mo. — 1 have about 100 ever¬ 
greens, most of them 15 to 20 feet high, 
grouped and scattered among 150 deciduous 
trees. They are getting greatly out of shape, 
should they be trimmed.' 
Ans. —They are rather old and tall to be 
mucb improved by pruning, if ovei’shadowed 
by other trees. They may be cut back now 
or in late August. 
P. IF. L., Laceyville, Pa. —How can I cure 
a rose wart thu size of a hen’s egg on the side 
of a colt’s head/ 
Ans. —See “Waits ou a Horse” in F. C. for 
Feb. 1ft. If near the eye, great care must be 
taken to prevent auy caustic used from reach¬ 
ing the eye. Better place a baudage over the 
eye. If at hand, an eeraseur might be used 
to advantage. 
Subscriber, Homer, N. Y. —To whom should 
I apply for the Station reports on fertilizers 
in Conn, aud Pa .'! 
Ans. —To Prof. S. W. Johnson New Haven 
Conn., aud Thomas J. Edge, Harrisburgb, 
Pa. 
C. M. IF., Afton, N. Y. —1. Never mix ash¬ 
es with hen manure unless the mixture is to 
be applied at once. 2. The Early Sunrise 
Potato as tested by us proved fairly early and 
productive, and of excellent quality. 
J. S L., Boy ton Fall, P. Q.~ Where can I 
obtain information as to the production of 
soghum sugar by the diffusion process? 
Ans.— Write to Prof, H. W. Wyley, Wash¬ 
ington, D. C., for his pamphlet. 
Subscriber, Stapleton, N. Y. — The rein 
holder advertised in the Rural is a good 
thiug. Uuless your cow is within a short 
time of calviug we do not know what the 
trouble w ith the milk can be. 
J. L.. Shady Gl ove, Pa. —We believe the L 
B. Silver Co., of Cleveland, Obio, to be a re¬ 
liable firm. Their Improved Chester hogs are 
claimed to be the best Chester hogs on the mar¬ 
ket. 
G. 11. S., Indianapolis, Ind, —The officers 
of the National Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, 
are Master, Put Darden, Fayette, Miss ; Sec¬ 
retary, John Trimble, 514 F. St.. Washington, 
D. C.; Lecturer, Mortimer Whitehead,Middle- 
bush, New' Jersey. 
Subscriber (no address). —“If the publisher 
of a paper advertises that it will be stopped at 
the expiration of the subscription time, aud 
he still continues to send it,” the subscriber is 
not obliged to pay for it 
IF. D, C., Albion , Mich .—For Wyandotte 
and Poland eggs consult our advertising col¬ 
umns. For eggs of Pekiu ducks apply to F. 
H. Corbin, Newington, Conn. 
L. R. S., Phoenix, .4, T. —Wo do uot kuow' 
that the small hand cream separators recently 
mentioned in the Rural are yet offered for 
sale in this country. 
J. T. E„ Sharpslown, Md. —1. The kerosene 
emulsion so frequently described iu the 
Rural is an excellent wash for trees. 2. The 
Early Ohio Potato can be obtained from any 
seedsman. 
Arthur K. Frost, Chicago, Neb. —I w'ill be 
thankful to receive auy genealogies of the 
Frost or Post families as far back as knowm. 
A. L. Leanardville, N. J. —You cau get a 
good aquarium from J. W. Fisks 21-23 Bar¬ 
clay St., N. Y. 
G. II. M., Waterford, N. F.—Try lime- 
water for earth worms in flower-pots. 
L. J. Madison Co., Ala. —Where cau I get 
roofing paper for covering a hot-bed? 
Ans. —From the Waterproof Fiber Co., 56 
South St., N. Y. City. 
F. IF. Neenak, Wis. —The Everbeariug 
Raspberry can be got from G. H. and J. H. 
Hale, So. Glastoubury, Couu. 
DISCUSSION. 
THE FISHERY TROUBLES. 
Backwoodsman, Ont., Can.—I am glad 
the Rural doesn't think the discussion of 
public matters unsuitable for farmers; per¬ 
mit a Canadian farmer, therefore, a few 
words ou the fisheries question. One would 
think, after such an amount of talk and paper 
shot, that w e would know all about the merits 
of the questiou. Such is not the case with 
me, although our papers draw' largely ou IT, 
S. sources for their items, aud 1 have read 
much on both sides. This much is clear, that 
the last treaty expired iu 188(i, that the Cana¬ 
dian authorities mude overtures for a renew¬ 
al; that the U. S. House of Representatives 
rejected the proposals, preferring the treaty 
of 1818 ; that the Canadians enforced the pro¬ 
visions of that treaty partially, or not at all; 
that the}' are preparing legislation to enable 
them to enforce that treaty; that the U. S. 
fishermen say such laws would be illegal and 
that the U. S. are going to retaliate. I kuow 
nothing of international law's, but I do think 
every one has a right to save his own proper¬ 
ty. If T found a man in my melon patch I 
would not stop to ask him if he had a peddler’s 
license, but wouM take.such steps as 1 thought, 
necessary to save my melons, and I don’t 
think u double-barreled shot-gun w'ould stop 
me. The proposed retaliation will uot bo an 
unmixed evil. Great sums have been spent 
by us for railroads, both by municipal bonus 
and government grants, and, like railroads 
elsewhere, they pay less attention to the local 
trade they are sure of than to through traffic, 
in this case, from the Western States. If 
this through traffic was stopped it. would ben¬ 
efit the Ontario farmers, whatever effect it 
would have on the railroad companies. I 
would like to learn U. S. formers’ ideas on 
this matter iu the Rural. 
J. E., Sydenham, Ont.—Is there auy diffi¬ 
culty in selling Munshury Barley in the States? 
What price does it bring iu New York com¬ 
pared with the common six-rowed barley? 
Here they give from five to 10 cents pen* bush¬ 
el less, and do not care to touch it. They say 
it won’t malt with other barley. T was the 
first who sowed it here in 1885; 1 sold what I 
raised for seed last spring. The parties were 
highly pleased with the yield, but do not care 
about sowing it again owing to loss in price. 
I had between 500 and 000 bushels, have saved 
300 clean for seed, uwaiting the Rukal’b 
opinion on same. 
R. N.-Y,—The price seems to vary. James 
Vick, Rochester, N. Y., charges $2 per bushel 
and $1.50 for common; Sibley & Co., Roches¬ 
ter, N, Y., charge $1.25 per bushel of 45 
pounds of Manshury and $1.50 for Chevalier; 
Burpee & Co., Philadelphia, charge $2.50 for 
Manshury aud so on. Mr. J. S. Woodward, 
of Loekport, N. Y., has raised and sold a great 
deal of this variety', and gives his opiuion 
with regard to it elsewhere iu this Depart¬ 
ment. 
“W.”, Tyrone,Pa. —The“Spiritof thePreas” 
(p. 130), is, like some other spirits—rather mis¬ 
leading,—when it declares that all budded 
peach trees should be thoroughly extirpated. 
Seedlings alone would be a poor compensa¬ 
tion. What would make peach trees and trees 
generally more healthful and enduring would 
be the avoidance of transplanting, by putting 
a few seeds iu wherever a tree is wanted, and 
after a year’s growth retaining the very best, 
suppressing manifestly inferior ones as soon 
as possible along with other weeds. Buds 
could be set ou such trees with no harm to 
their vitality, ir from sound, healthy stock, 
such as is obtainable best iu the South where 
the seasons are long enough for the perfect 
ripening of the wood. 
G. W., Blair Co., Pa.— The Rural’s ex¬ 
perience iu transplanting maize plants tp. 
140), and the quotatatiou on the same page 
from Mr. Goff’s experience as to cabbage and 
the experience of others as to celery, seem to 
warrant the general conclusion that, although 
there is great convenience in raising plants in 
a nursery bed to lie set out for dual growth, 
yet there results a necessary loss of strength 
aud endurance. It is now generally held that 
the only surely successful way of establishing 
a grove of nut-bearing trees is to plant seeds 
in site for each tree. 
Feed for Dairy Cows.—The following 
list includes the various foods commonly used 
in the dairy,and especially for winter feeding, 
aud the figures annexed give the composition 
and feeding value of the substances men¬ 
tioned : 
In 100 pounds. 
Water. 
Protein. 
09 
0? 
■ ♦— 
M 2 
'Z.rz 
3s 
Fat. 
Money 
Value or 
lliO lbs. 
Glover hay.. 
1 
11.0 
18.7 
:si.3 
2.4 
7i> 
Millet tuiv. 
IS. 4 
111 H 
38.5 
2.2 1 
f>6 
Timothy buy. 
13.5 
6.3 
15 S 
1 7 
70 
Meadow hay.. 
10.0 
7.1 
13.8 
‘> 
75 
Rye rodder. 
ii a 
10 4 
41 5 
2.8 
71 
Mk Hunts. 
H8.ll 
J.l 
H.l 
0.1 
14 
Sugar heels. 
SI.5 
1.0 
17.4 
0 1 
10 
Ensilage or Corn. 
83.5 
1.2 
M 
0.9 
13 
Hollvers grains. 
7.VJ 
5.9 
13 2 
1.5 
Malt sprouts. 
n.fi 
25.9 
45,5 
1.1 
#1 31 
Cor run eal. 
U. 1 
10 0 
fi5.r, 
K.5 
1 11 
Oatmeal. 
14.3 
12.11 
55.7 
C.O 
y h 
Wheal bran. 
11.4 
12.9 
59.1 
3.5 
i 01 
Cottonseed meal . . .. . 
7.2 
41.5 
24.1 
IS 0 
*> 
Pea meal.. . . 
ii.i 
28 7 
51.5 
3.5 
1 53 
Glucose meal. 
7*2,2 
8.1? 
18.8 
2.0 
gy 
Cow peas.. 
20.0 
21.6 
•In. 3 
1.3 
1 *23 
According to Mr. Henry Stewart’s experi¬ 
ence there is not one item in the above list that 
can be neglected. Clover hay should be the 
basis of winter feeding. Fif teen pounds will 
give about one-half of the quantity Of food re¬ 
quired for the maintenance of a cow of 1,000 
pounds' weight in good milking condition, in 
addition to this it is necessary to give a cow 
for butter product, all the concentrated oily 
food that can be digested. Corn meal and cot¬ 
ton-seed meal are seeu to be the two richest 
foods in fat, and are therefore the leading 
substances used in the winter dairy. But the 
effect of the food upon the health of the animal is 
uot to be ignored,and it is a fact to be carefully 
considered that carbonaceous food given in ex¬ 
cess soon disturbs the balance of the system 
and produces disease. 
For the complete digestion of fat a certain 
amount of protein must be fed with the fatty 
food, aud for the preservation of health the 
ratio of the former must not vary much from 
one part to six or six and a half of the latter. 
Hence, for every pound of fat contained in 
the. extra food about two aud a half to three 
ounces of protein should be given. This, 
therefore, makes necessary some additional 
food rich in this element, and Mr. Stewart 
has fouud, alter several years’ experience, 
that malt sprouts are the best form in which 
it can be furnished. They are sweet and very 
agreeable to the cows, as a largo part of the 
carbohydrates consists of sugar; are easily 
digested, and are cheap; perhaps the cheapest 
of this kind of foods, He has purchased them 
at $8 per ton, and the estimated feeding value 
shows them to be worth $26 per ton, Pea 
meal is another valuable food of the protein 
class, and from experiments made with it it 
has been found productive of a large yield of 
butter, Oat« are seen to be almost as rich in 
fat us corn, aud in use along with peas he 
has found the mixture better than the peas 
alone. The two grains arei'grown" together, 
l 1 ., bushel of peas to 2‘.< of oats, mixed, being 
sown per acre, and the crop thrashed for the 
grain. The straw is as valuable as hay, and 
when cut aud fed w ith the meal made from 
the mixed grain, together with a judicious 
selection of other foods, yields most excellent 
butter in very profitable quantity. Two other 
foods are worth mention because of their 
cheapness, viz., brewers’ graius and glucose 
meal. These are healthful, digestible, nutri¬ 
tious, and yield very good milk, and may be 
profitably fed with the richer foods, as peas 
and oats and cotton-seed meal; hut unless fed 
. when quite fresh these moist foods, rich in 
protein as they are seeu to be, soon ferment 
and become sour, and are then wholly 
until for use in a fine butter dairy. The same 
objection prevails against silage, and it is 
not to be recommended for this business. 
Sugar boots and mangels are extremely suc¬ 
culent, sweet, palatable, aud healthful food, 
and are quite indispensable in winter dai¬ 
rying: without them the cows cannot digest 
enough of t he richer dry foods, and their ex¬ 
treme digestibility, being almost wholly di¬ 
gested, aids very much iu enabling a cow to 
dispose of the other foods. They, in fact, in¬ 
crease the appetite aud prevent the costive 
condition of the bowels, so frequently pro¬ 
duced by cotton-seed meal aud other rich 
foods. 
Grain Storage in Minnesota.— A bill has 
been introduced into the Legislature of Min¬ 
nesota which practically provides that the 
receipts for wheat shall cease to be regular 
after the grain has been iu store for 18 
months. “It the bill becomes & law,” the Chi¬ 
cago Tribune tolls us, “the holders of wheat 
will be obliged to carry it on special receipts 
after the expiration of that time. The object 
of the movers is to prevent the accumulation 
of grain iu store to bo carried over from one 
year to another for the sake of the storage 
charges, aud liable to be dumped on the trade 
at any time in the filling of contracts calling 
for ‘regularwheat.’” 
SAMPLES. 
The important statement is made in the 
N. Y. Tribune, by Joseph Hoopes (good 
authority), of Chester Co., Pa., that “a large 
block of the Kelsey Japan Plum wen* killed 
last October by a sharp frost—not only in¬ 
jured, but destroyed.”. 
“Clover leaves the lund actually richer in 
nitrogen than it was before the seed was 
sown,” “The air furnishes no sensible quan¬ 
tity of nitrogen to the crop.” These arc state¬ 
ments constantly made by writers who have 
jnst such a smattering of practical and scien¬ 
tific knowledge as a parrot has of human 
language. This is a specimen of the science, 
comments Henry Stewart, which is retailed to 
farmers.... 
It appears that the last member of the 
Board of Trustees of the Ohio State Univer¬ 
sity, whose occupation is farming, has re¬ 
signed. His place is filled by Ex-President 
It. B. Hayes... 
K. W, Stewart says, in the N. E. Home¬ 
stead, that all the food elements of skim-milk 
arc digestible. Its 9<> per cent, of water is no 
more thaii is contained in several kinds of 
roots, and it is more valuable for weight than 
any species of turnip or root, us it lias quite 
three times as much albuminoid food as most 
of these, or nearly three times us much as the 
richest of all roots—parsnips,,.. 
The Editor of the N. E. Farmer considers 
that the “Fancy’’ cattle men have done more 
to improve the general character of the cattle 
of the country than some of us have been free 
to admit. Mr. J. Ii. Piekcrell. editor of the 
American Short-horn herd book, who was at 
one time, says the Chicago Mail, worth $200- 
000, sunk it all iu high-priced pedigree cattle. 
Gen. rims. E. Lippiueott, another llliuoisan, 
sunk a like sum and u dozen others of that 
State, each lost large fortunes iu fancy Short¬ 
horns, when the bubble burst in 1874-5. Gen. 
Lippiueott paid $28,000 for two animals, one 
a six-Wteks-old heifer that he could carry off 
in bis arms. They were cousins to the $40,000 
cow which w as sold at the New York Mills 
auction sale... 
Mr, UttSEVER further remarks that the 
State of Illinois, os fur back as 30 years ago, 
imported 100 of the best Short-horns that 
could be bought, mid sold them to farmers of 
the State by auction. It is claimed that, those 
early importations have added 200 pounds per 
head to the aVerugo beef cattle of Illinois, 
aud raised the value at least, a cent a pound, 
on the average, of all the cattle in the State. 
These figures mean mil lions of wealth added 
to the capital of the State, and it was the 
fancy men who started the improvement, 
though at great aud ruinous cost to them¬ 
selves.. ... 
The Farm Journal says; .“Mind what we 
