Mrs. Taylor, of Niagara, condemued the 
desecration of fair grounds by the sale of beer 
and other intoxicating slops, by the admission 
of horse racing, cheap jewelry peddlers, dis¬ 
reputable shows and gambling devices of 
various kinds. She honored the N. Y, State 
Agricultural Society for not permitting any 
of these. Sho urged farmers to combine for 
the protection o£ their homes and home inter¬ 
ests. 
Prof .T, H. Comstock said it is foil}' to at¬ 
tempt to catch codling moth with sweetened 
water or to destroy it by any other device 
except with stock to eat the infested fruit as 
soon as it falls, or by the use of a force pump 
and arsenical poisons. The “Buffalo Moth,” or 
Carpet Beetle, can be trapped in great num¬ 
bers by layiug woolen cloths in dark places, 
and once or twice a week shakiug thgm over 
white sheets or paper. 
Col. M. C. Weld, in speakiug of “The Pig,’’ 
said that for ordinary'farmersand for making 
most pork from a given quantity of food, no 
pure breed would give as good results as a 
cross-bred animal. H« advises the use of 
snmll-boned, fine males Tipon coarse sows. 
The Berkshires have immense potency, enough 
to revolutionize the hog world. He said Es¬ 
sex pork vvas more like chicken than meat, 
and though the animals are small, this is a 
very desirable breed. 
Prof. Roberts was glad the farmers of to¬ 
day were not frightened at the name of science. 
Its principles underlie the successful cultiva¬ 
tion of the farm, and the sooner we become 
masters of this knowledge the soouer we shall 
compel success. It is worse than folly to sell 
clover bay at $0 or *7 per ton and buy phos¬ 
phates at $30. Every farmer should keep 
plaster handy to use it In the stables to absorb 
the ammonia. It should bo sown freely about 
as often as any smell arises. 
Mr. W. A. Gilbert, of Oswego, said that on 
the same farm where he formerly kept 34 cows, 
he now keeps 100. The difference is all due to 
the use of silage. For this purpose he uses corn 
planted three feet apart, thick in the row, 
using throe-fourths of a bushel per acre, and 
he lets it grow until the few nubbins which 
form show com in the milk before he puts it 
into the silos. He cuts it very short after 
planting, and about the time it is coming up 
he goes over the grouud with a smoothing har¬ 
row and then again when the corn is five 
inches high. It costs $14 per acre to grow the 
corn and put it into the sdo, and the average 
yield on rich land is 35 tons. Mr. Gardiner 
said he corroborated all that Mr. Gilbert had 
said. Silos could be built of cheap lumber 
aud sheathing paper. He believes they are 
adapted to small as well as large farms. Siuce 
his silage was exhausted his cows hail fallen 
off one-third in yield of milk. C. S. Plumb, 
of the Experiment Station, said silos could be 
made of plank and paper more cheaply aud 
as efficient as of stone or brick. The bottom 
should be cemented. Silage ueeds but little, 
if any, pressure. If when filled the surface 
lie covered with two thicknesses of building 
paper, it needs only sufficient weighting to 
keep the paper in place. He had never seen 
any sweet silage. In their experience silage 
had not been as productive of milk as man¬ 
gels. With the same grain and hay ration 
cows had given 25 pounds of milk on silage to 
£3 pounds on mangels. He regards silage as not 
a desirable food t* which to confine an ani¬ 
mal, but only a good adjunct to other foods. 
Prof. L. B. Arnold said cream rises as 
readily by raising the temperature to 170 as 
by reducing it with ice. Milk set in pure 
oxygen and in pure carbonic acid gas showed 
no difference in the amount of cream or but¬ 
ter made; but did show great difference iu 
the quality of the butter. That in carbonic 
acid gas retained all the animal odors, while 
that in oxygen bad acquired a very fine fla¬ 
vor. The souring process is a decomposition 
of the milk and, if carried too far, greatly re¬ 
duces the product of butter. The best temper¬ 
ature at which to ripen cream is from 55 to 
02 degrees. Iu churning, the more the cream 
comes in contact with oxygon the sooner the 
butter comes aud the higher the flavor. 
It should be churned ouly long enough to 
have the butter grains the size of mustard 
seeds, when it should be washed, first in 
water, then iu brine, and then salted. 
Mr. \V. A. Armstrong made a strong plea 
for the maintenance of the canals. He said 
they are better regulators of freight rates 
than all the laws that can be put upon the 
statute books, and we cannot afford to see them 
abandoned, oveu though they should never 
carry another ton of freight. 
In the afternoon Lieut.-Governor E. F 
Jones said the farmers’ reliance formerly was 
muscle, and he who had most succeeded best; 
now it is different; machinery has takeu the 
place of muscle aud brains are fast becoming 
the measure of success. Taxes in this country 
are lower than iu any other, but here they are 
not evenly apportioned. Every acre of the 
farm is taxed, while not one-fiftieth part of 
other property is reached. A great trouble is 
that too few farmers are placed among the 
law-makers. When we send fewer lawyers 
and more farmers we shall have better laws. 
He is glad to see the awakening interest 
among farmers and a closer union between 
them. 
* 
Mr. Frank B. Redfield, of Genesee County, 
discoursed on the principles which should 
govern in breeding horses. He thought we 
should use more of the coach-horse blood and 
less of the ponderous but slow-moving Cly¬ 
desdale and Percheron. 
Mr. J. F. Converse, of Jefferson, claimed 
much for the Ayrshire as the dairy cow. It 
is iu size a golden mean between the pet Jer¬ 
sey and the ponderous Shorthorn and Hol- 
stein-Friesian. He claimed that the extremes, 
either large or small, did not show the best 
results, for the food consumed: but that in 
the Ayrshire we have the coming cow. They 
are hardy, healthy and produce a large pro¬ 
portion of milk butter aud cheese^for the cou- 
sumptiou of food and these are of the best 
quality. w. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attention. Before 
asking a question, please see If It Is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few questions at 
one time. Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
FIGHTING THE CODLING MOTH, ETC. 
A ../. Jf., Pope Valley. Cal.— 1 What is the 
difference between “thoroughbred” and 
“pure-bred” when apj)lled to stock? 2. When 
should trees be sprayed to kill the codling 
moth ! 
A NS. —1. There is no difference between 
thoroughbred and pure-bred as applied to 
stock. Both words are applied to auy mem¬ 
ber of a well-defined breed, without any ad¬ 
mixture of outside blood. When the word 
“Thoroughbred” is used without special refer¬ 
ence to any genus of animals, it refers to the 
English race-lmrse or his pure-bred descen¬ 
dants in other countries, and it was originally 
applied to that breed exclusively, and is so 
applied to a great extent still iu England. 2. 
About the time the fruit is setting. The 
eggs arc deposited in the calyx and 
the larva? are poisoned when they begiu to 
cat into the apples. It has been strongly re¬ 
commended that later on hogs should be kept 
in the orchard for the purpose of devouring 
fallen larvie-infested fruit. While iu the 
larval stage the insect is so protected within 
the apple that it cannot be reached by arsen¬ 
ical insecticides. Another somewhat effective 
method of combatting the pest, is to trap 
the larva? and chrysalids, by applying bands, 
about six inches wide, arouud the trunks of 
the trees. Strips of sacking, old carpet or 
brown paper should be tied tightly entirely 
around the tree once or twice, and fastened 
with a string or tack. They should be ap¬ 
plied not later than June, aud visited every 
eight or 10 days, until the end of August. 
They should be taken off and examined each 
time, and all the larvte or chrysalids found 
therein should be destroyed. Usually the co- 
c" us under the bandages are partly attached 
to the tree, so that when the bandage is re¬ 
moved they are torn asunder and the pests 
fall to the ground; but they should be hunted 
up and destroyed. 
don’t COME TO NEW YORK. 
M . M. M.. Ghilsonviile, l «.-Is it easy 
or hard for a mau of good business qualifica¬ 
tions to get a place to work iu New York? 
Would it i>ay a man to leave his farm and go 
to the city when he is making nothing there? 
Ans. —What is meant by “good business 
qualifications”? The qualities that make one 
a leader in smaller places often avail but little 
in Now York. Wo should say—Do not come 
here unless you have a position already as 
sured or friends to assist you. You arc mak 
ing nothing but a liviug on the farm. There 
are thousands here who can hardly do that, 
even by working hard and constantly. The 
census of I860 shows that of the total of 513,377 
New York city workers, there were S,IMXS law¬ 
yers, 4,803 teachers, 887 clergymen, 7,04li sa¬ 
loon keepers, 2,1538 doctors, 71,023 clerks and 
313,003 engaged iu manufacturing and me¬ 
chanical enterprises. There were 35,434 la¬ 
borers an’l 50,255 servants. There were 17,- 
302,000 workers iu the United States. Of these 
4,074,238 were engaged in professional aud 
per* *1 service. This is a trifie over 23 per 
eei 'ut of New York’s 513,877 workers, 
(Continued on next page.) 
WILLIAMS & CLARK CO.’S 
HIGH GRADE BONE FERTILIZERS. 
AMMONIATED BONE SUPERPHOSPHATE. 
No Fertilizer Selling at the Same Price Shows 
as High Valuation. It Leads All Others. 
Potato Fertilizer 
Contains all the Plant Food necessary for a large 
crop of potatoes. 
“Out of some 30 varieties of Potatoes exhibited at the 
air of the Farmington Valley Agricultural Society held 
Ills Fall, sixteen firsi premiums wi re awarded to varieties 
Town on vour Special Potato Fertilizer. This must show 
it is superior to the others 
S. E. Brtow.v, Cantos Center, Cons. 
FERTILIZERS FOR ALL CROPS. 
SEND FOR CIRCULARS. 
Principal Office, Cotton Exchange Building, N. Y. 
For $alt bp Local jig? into. 
The very 
LATEST 
BUCKEYE SPRING TOO I it 
CULTIVATOR. 
Many farmers favor level cultiva¬ 
tion for coru, and there is a demand 
for a Combined Corn Cultivator and 
Harrow or Faliow Cu.tivator. This 
we have accomplished in the ma¬ 
chine represented by the cut. It is 
attached in our regular cultivator 
frame. Without the center teeth it 
is a complete Corn Cultivator and 
with the ceutpr attachment is a per¬ 
fect Fallow Cultivator or Harrow. 
ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 
Buckeye Drills, Seeders, Hay 
Rakes, One Horse Cultivators, 
Walking and Combined Cultiva¬ 
tors, Cider Mills, etc. 
P.P.MAST&CO. 
SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. 
BRANCH HOUSES: 
Fhiliielpi.il, Ft., Eiacii City 2s., 
Fecrii, Hi3., Orasli, Not., o 
Sin rnscisoa.Cal., S:. Paul, Minn. 
PULVERIZING HARROW, CLOD 
Crusher and 
AGENTS WANTED 
Best SemngTool on Earth. 
Subsets tie soil to the itfiat of a Steel Crusher aai Loveler. aud to the Cruehiaj, Cuttiug, Liftizj, Teruirg Proeess of 
Emtio Jangj of CMt Steel Cjulters. Cuttiaj power is unaeaje. Atseaee of Spiles « Teeii avoids puliiog up rutfcish- 
Only Him* that outs over the etfire surfiM of ’me grousl 
Sites. 8 to la ft. wide. With and without Milky attachment. IFe deliver free at Distributing Depots. 
DO NOT BE DECEIVED. Don't let dealers palm off a base imitation or 
some inferior tool under the assurance that it is better. SATISFY YOURSELF 
BY ORDERING AN “ ACME ” ON TRIAL. We will send a double ug Acme 
III to ®ny responsible farmer in the United Mates; if it does not suit, he may send it 
-c*--*-** back, we paying return freight. We don't ask pay until tried on his own farm, r 
Send for pamphlet cuulaiuing thuusiui.ls of testimonials- tram ISSttm-a aud Territories 
ON 
Leveler. 
Branch Office: 
540 So. Clark St. CHIC. 
-V. B. — "T1LLAUK. 
PAGO. DUANE H. NASH 
j Millington, New Jersey. 
US J lASi'RE" and other essays sent free to parties who SAME THIS PAPER. 
TIME 
TESTED 
I & 
APPROVED 
<3V&EC> 
•SOLD • 
‘ALL 
DEALERS 
I^HITMA^ & 
BARNES 
tfFQ-Co. 
Chicago 
K^sasCiiY 
Hhil-a 
Cincinnati 
Bo ston 1 
your crops, and your crops will feed you; 
ami In the feeding of your crops use our fer¬ 
tilizers, than which no hotter are made. 
UOWKl-U FFRT1I t/.Kit ro„ Boston, Mass. 
Address 
FRKK! Circulars and prices of the only 
'll \Y rtKltlKKS that run right or 
'left without changing unv thing. 
The best II a V CftQVC etc-. t" 1,0 
found n A I lUllltd Send fot 
SPECIAL CA DIICDC "here wo 
OFKKR TO rMnmt.no hare no 
ra PAY AGENTS novelties. 
OKOK.N BROS., Box A, S.6, MARION, OHIO. 
VViFinms lilt. Hydro. 
incubators. Centennial and 
Mold'or tie u'sitors. Brooders. 
7? chick. $5; IVI chick, SS.S 0 . 
Poultry supplies 
A Williams & Co,, 
BRISTOL, CONN. 
^ ■ to SS a day. Samples w ortli Al-ah. FREE. 
hM* Lines run’ under the horse's feet. Write 
Brewster Satciv Hein Holder Co., Holly,Vick. 
Unbleachf.h Canada 
in Oak LOTS. 
ASHES 
ELIAS HAZ ELTON, Brantford, Ont., Can. 
Sample Look of beautiful cards, 14 Games, 
12 tricks in manic. 4:!ti Album verses. All fot 
» 2C. Stamp. STAB CARD CO., 8t*tlon 16, Ohict 
RICHMOND CITY 
MILL WORKS 
. RICHMOND, IND. 
Manufacturers of 
MILL STON 
FLOURING MILL 
MACHINERY, 
U* 1IS7 Fr*s«a Farr 
Corn and Feed 
t® tka Maatrr. M tar <4«cT*T*tn.sw €ji,1 nrrwr 
nCATU to BIGS. WORMS, and all 
"v ** I l« INSECTS m Gardens, Orchards 
and Fie'ds Illustrated Circulars free. 
T. WOODASON. 74 Canaiport Ave., Chicago, Ill. 
Chemicals. 
al chemicals before buying. 
KF.K FERTILIZER Co. 
If you desire to mix 
your own fertilizer, vet 
our prices 1 or agrtcult ur- 
Buy of first bauds. BOW - 
CANADA U \It D-WrtOD_rv LEACHED 
ASHES! 
Cheapest fertilizer :n use Supplied In car lots, in bulk, 
bags or barrets, i Quality guaranteed . Price and analy 
als sent free. Address. (HAS. STEVENS, 
Box 437, Napanee, Ontario, Canada. 
RUSTLESS 
IRON 
WATER 
PIPE. 
Send for catalogue. 
THE WELLS RUSTLESS IRON CO.. 
7 & 9 CLLFF STREET, NEW YORR. 
Braman, Dow & Co., Boston, Ag’ts for New England. 
