THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN atlonal Journal for Country and Suburban Homes. 
Conducted by 
BLBEBT 8. CARMAN. 
Address 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
No. 84 Park Row, New York. 
SATURDAY, APRIL 2, 1887. 
A Special number next week. 
In our next supplement number, to be 
published next week, considerable space 
will be given to hardy trees and shrubs. 
We have mailed our jrresent seed distribu¬ 
tion to all subscribers who applied prior to 
March 12 th. Any who have not received it 
will kindly notify us at once. 
TnE White Baroness is not a very new 
rose. It is a sport of Baroness Rothschild, 
pure white and with the same shape and 
flower as the parent. It was sent out in 
1882 by Paul of England. So Mr. P. Barry 
kindly informs us. Baroness Rothschild 
is a hybrid remontant and very hardy. 
The flowers are pink, of a cupped form 
and very pretty, though without fragrance. 
The members of the Pennsylvania leg¬ 
islature are called upon to consider a bill 
to prevent the adulteration of candy. 
The manufacture as well as the possession 
and sale of adulterated goods is to be 
made punishable by a fine of $50 to $100 
and the confiscation of the goods. We 
have long believed that the cheap and 
nasty candies with which the market is 
flooded, cause many of the troubles from 
which children suffer. We would not, 
under any circumstances, buy a package 
of cheap candy for a child to eat. But as 
for “adulteration,” who can say what 
candy is? What-standard shall be estab¬ 
lished? We should say let all candy 
alone. If children cry for sweets, let 
them have honey or maple sirup. The 
first ought to be made on every farm. 
The Great Dairy and Cattle show will 
be held at the Madison Square Garden, 
this city. May 10-14. This exhibition is 
the first of its kind ever held in any part 
of America. A large attendance and a 
fine display are assured. Exhibits of but¬ 
ter and cheese will be made so that all 
parts of the country will be represented. 
Many novel features will be introduced, 
such as a complete working creamery, a 
model dairy, and the process of manufac¬ 
turing small Neufchatel and cream cheeses, 
In fact, the exhibition promises to be the 
most instructive dairy show ever held in 
this country, if not in the world. The 
entries will close on Monday, April 25. 
Excursion trains on most of the railroads 
will be run during the show, and all who 
can possibly do so should attend. 
Prof. Wilder, of Cornell, makes a 
strong plea for a change in the methods 
of inflicting capital punishment. He pro¬ 
poses infhctiug death by means of chloro¬ 
form. The present method of execution 
is cruel and demoralizing. For days after 
the receut dieadfui execution in this 
State, the papers were filled with the ter¬ 
rible details, a series of ghastly pictures 
that could hardly help leaving a perma¬ 
nent impressiou on youthful minds. Such 
dreadful details are to the criminal class 
like the 6mell of blood to the tiger. Death 
by chloroform could be strictly private. 
There would be no horrible details for 
sensational newspapers to g.oat over, but 
there would be something in the strange, 
silent., mysterious death that would strike 
terror to the most depraved heart. The 
suggestion is by no means new, but it is 
still an excellent one. 
A CORN TRIAL. 
We propose to try to raise a large crop 
of field corn at the Rural Farm this sea¬ 
son—one indeed that will equal, if pos¬ 
sible, the great yield there produced seven 
years ago, should the season prove favor¬ 
able. The yield, it will be remembered, 
was over 180 bushels of shelled corn to 
the acre. Our present field, which is as 
level as a floor, was plowed last fall hav¬ 
ing been in grass for four years. lu Feb¬ 
ruary 50 tons of coarse barn-yard manure 
were spread upon it, there being about 
four acres. This will be plowed under 
lightly—it is too coarse to be harrowed 
in—and about 500 pounds of high-grade 
complete fertilizer will be sown to the 
acre. TUen.the field will be harrowed, 
first with the Acme, then with a smooth¬ 
ing harrow, and the corn drilled in, setting 
the drill to drop a kernel every eight 
inches as nearly as may be. The drills will 
be four feet two inches apart. As soon 
as the staud can bo ascertained, it is pro¬ 
posed to sow at the rate of 150 pounds 
per acre of nitrate of soda, and when the 
first cultivation is given to hoe out the 
plants so as to leave them between one 
and two feet apart. Upon a small plot 
the nitrate of soda will be omitted so that, 
by comparison, its effects upon the rest 
may be noted. Very shallow, level culti¬ 
vation will be given during the season. 
The variety will be the Chester County 
Mammoth (yellow dent) which we have 
raised continuously for 10 years or more. 
NOTICE. 
All subscribers who desire the Rural’s 
Seed Distribution must ArpLY for it. 
Hitherto we have not required those who 
subscribe for the Rural in connection 
with other papers to make an application. 
This has caused confusion. It is only 
necessary to say “Send seeds.” 
VETERINARY COLLEGES. 
A bill before the Legislature of Penn¬ 
sylvania appropriates $100,000 for the 
establishment of a Veterinary School and 
Hospital, in connection with the Univer¬ 
sity of that. State, in Philadelphia, and it 
is very likely to pass. The school was 
started three or four years ago under Dr. 
Iluidekoper, who brought to his task the 
best education and experience of the great 
veterinary schools of Europe. The peo¬ 
ple of the city gave it 20 lots of ground, 
and $50,000 were raised to start it. 
Hitherto, the faculty have furnished their 
services gratuitously, but to build an hos¬ 
pital, equip the institution with appliances 
for properly teaching veterinary science 
and practice, and render it self-sustain¬ 
ing the $100,000 sougnt are necessary. 
According to the last census, the value of 
the live stock on the farms of the country 
exclusive of the vast number on the prairies 
and rauges, was $1,500,384,407, in 1880, 
and the value has greatly increased since 
then For ttie prevention and cure of disease 
among the vatt number of herds and 
flocks represented by these figures, the 
number of skilled veterinarians is alto¬ 
gether insufficient. There are in nearly 
every community men who have acquired a 
smattering of knowledge of the ailments 
of stock; but while doctors thoroughly 
skilled in the treatment of human dis¬ 
eases are superabundant everywhere, doc¬ 
tors thoroughly skilled in the treatment 
of animal diseases are abundant nowhere. 
A good deal of attention Ins been called 
to this deficiency of late, and some efforts 
have been made to remedy it by establish¬ 
ing veterinary departments in eouncetiou 
with some of the agricultural colleges,and 
starting veterinary schools in some of the 
large cities; but a great deal yet remains 
to be done. In this city the Americau 
Veterinary College is a well organized 
institution the faculty of whieh has la¬ 
bored for over 20 years to qualify men for 
the piactice of veterinary medicine and 
surgery, without any assistance from the 
State or public. In the term just closed 
it had 134 students, 44 of whom received 
their degree, leaving 90 as a nucleus for 
the next senior class. In the last 12 years 
26,808 animals have been treated before t he 
students in the hospital and college,thus 
uniting object teaching with oral instruc¬ 
tion. More room is needed for students, 
and better pay for the 1 acuity. If New 
York is to keep ahead of Pennsylvania in 
veterinary education, either the public or 
the Legislature should furnish abundant 
means for the better equipment of an in¬ 
stitution whose object is to prepare men 
to protect our flocks and herds from the 
ravages of disease. 
CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE OLEO¬ 
MARGARINE LAW. 
In 1885 the Legislature of this State 
passed a law which forbade the manu¬ 
facture or sale of “any article or product 
in imitation or semblance of, or designed 
to take the place of natural butter or 
cheese.” Shortly afterward, Lipman 
Arensburg, a Brooklyn oleomargarine 
manufacturer, sold a quantity of the con¬ 
coction to a person, who, in order to as¬ 
sist in making a test case, asked for oleo¬ 
margarine. Arensburg also had a sign up 
at his place bearing the word “Oleomar¬ 
garine,” so that no room was left for de¬ 
ception between the buyer and the seller, 
the object being to make a square test case 
whether the Legislature had the power to 
prohibit the manufac ture and sale of an 
article of food to bo openly sold under its 
own name. Arensburg was convicted at 
the Court of General Sessions and the case 
was at once appealed to the Supreme 
Court in General Term where the convic¬ 
tion was affirmed. The case was then 
taken to the Court of Appeals,which sent 
it back to the Court of Sessions for re¬ 
trial, because the trial judge had charged 
the jury that “if the defendant had man- 
factured or sold oleomargarine not made 
from milk or cream,” he was guilty un¬ 
der the law; whereas the guilt of 
the prisoner “depended on the fur¬ 
ther inquiry whether it was man¬ 
ufactured in imitation or semblance 
of butter.” The case was promptly tried 
again, and the jury decided that the arti¬ 
cle sold was “in imitation or semblance 
of butter.” Then the case was again tak¬ 
en to the Court of Appeals within less 
than six months of its first appearance 
and on Tuesday last the Court decided 
that the decision of the lower court 
against Arensburg must stand, and that 
the larv is constitutional. This settles 
the question definitely, as there is no ap¬ 
peal from this decision. Dairy Commis¬ 
sioner Brown has had a long and bitter 
fight to establish the principle involved in 
this decision; but hert after there ought 
to be little difficulty in enforcing the law. 
Bogus butter can no longer be legally 
manufactured or sold in this State. Over 
200 indictments have been already ob¬ 
tained against parties who have sold the 
concoction, but the courts have persist¬ 
ently refused to try the cases until the 
Areusberg case should be decided and the 
law declared constitutional. Now that 
this has been done, it is probable, that in 
most cases the parties sued will not stand 
trial, but will pay their fines at once, 
rather than incur additional expense. Be¬ 
fore the decision, the oleo manufacturers 
and dealers said they would abandon the 
business entirely, if the case went against 
them. If they keep their word, honest 
dealing and public opinion will approve 
of their course. They may continue to 
sell “oleo,” it is true, under the tax 
and restrictions imposed by the United 
States law, but the Stale law' ordains that 
it shall not be colored so as to imitate 
butter. Three years ago the Rural sug¬ 
gested that it should be colored pink; 
we now repeat the suggestion; or how 
would a nice blue, green or red answer? 
THE GREAT FLORIDA LAND FRAUD. 
In the issue of Nov. 28, ’85, the Rural 
gave a lengthy exposure of a number of 
“FloridaLand Frauds,” including Sara¬ 
sota Bay, Palma Sola, Marion City, Grant 
Park, Parkersburg, Parkersville, De Wit t, 
Belmont City, Silver Springs Park, and 
Bertram. These were all “paper” cities 
which had no existence except in the ad¬ 
vertisements of speculators and the imagi¬ 
nation of their dupes. We spoke from a 
personal acquaintance with the country 
in which nearly all of them w r ere located. 
Other papers, especially the New York 
Herald, still funher exposed the nature 
of the frauds, and the mendacious encom¬ 
iums lavished on them soon ceased, and 
of late little has been heard of them. A 
more gigantic fraud thuu any of them, 
however, was soon launched under the 
name of the St. Andrew’s Bay Railroad 
and Land Company. Shortly alter the 
ttist appearance of its glowing advertise¬ 
ments, we denounced it as “another fraud¬ 
ulently puffed-up place,” in the Rural 
of February 13, 1886, page 109, and siuce 
then, in answer to a constant series of in¬ 
quiries. it has appeared among.the frauds 
in the Eye Opener on an average at least 
once a mouth, while it has been de¬ 
nounced twice on the editorial page. Soon 
after our first exposure of it, one of its 
lengthy, mendacious advertisements was 
sent us for insertion in the Rural ; 
but instead of admitting it, we editor¬ 
ially warned our contemporaries of the 
fraudulent nature of the scheme. It 
appeared, however, to find no difficulty 
in securing admission into the advertis¬ 
ing columns of other papers, religious, 
agricultural, literary and political. There 
has seldom been an advertisement that 
bore its fraudulent, character so plainly on 
its face; but it was a long, very profita¬ 
ble advertisement, and few if any 
publishers could summon up scruples 
enough to refuse it. No one hut the very 
credulous people who expected some¬ 
thing for nothing from perfect strangers, 
could be duped by its alluring promises; 
but the woods seem just full of such gul¬ 
lible simpletons. Just as we go to press, 
we learn that, last Tuesday, the United 
States postal authorities at Cincinnati, 
the headquarters of the swindle, with¬ 
held the mails of Guy Weber, its Manag¬ 
er, as he had been indicted by the Grand 
Jury, “for using the mails to promote a 
fraudulent scheme.” 
The first day “several bushels of letters” 
accumulated, and doubtless most of them 
contained money though many of them 
no doubt, were bitter with reproaches and 
denudations, for thousands of the dupes 
have already found out that flic thing has 
all along been a huge swindle. 
Are Weber and the other sharpers back 
of him likely to be punished? We hardly 
think so; certainly not. as much ns they 
deserve. These rascals take every pre¬ 
caution to keep just ou side the clutches 
of the criminal law, and they never have 
any property that can be attached in a 
civil suit. That plausible scoundrel, 
George Frederick Parker, “President of 
the British-American Claim Agency,” was 
tried here last Wednesday on one of three 
indictments for obtaining money under 
false pretenses, and was acquitted for 
want of evidence, and though he is still 
held for trial on the two other indict¬ 
ments, he is very likely to get off scot- 
free with his plunder. The laws must be 
very defective if they cannot punish such 
I rascals. 
brevities. 
Ik you have trees or shrubs or roses to 
select, next week’s R. N.-Y., will interest 
you. 
The South Carolina Department of Agri¬ 
culture has begun the publication of monthly 
reports. The first one received is a model in 
its way. Other States might well follow 
South Carolina in this respect. 
How about the school meeting? Did all the 
voters in the district attend? In a district 
near us there were just four persons present. 
Plenty of men during the coming year will 
growl about poor schools, big taxes and favor¬ 
itism. Whose fault will it be? 
According to C. S. Plumb’s experiments 
at the N. Y. Station, it, pays to soak seed oats, 
in order to prevent smut, in four ounces of sul¬ 
phate of copper and one gallon of water, or iu a 
half ounce of caustic potash in six gills of 
water. Soak in the first about 30 hours; iu 
the second 20 hours. 
We shall print, next week, what we con¬ 
sider the most powerful cartoon we have yet 
prepared. It shows the wonderful power for 
good that the Grange may command, Every 
Patron of Husbandry ought to see it. We 
shall be glad to send copies of the paper con¬ 
taining it to every Grange iu the country. 
We find that some of our subscribers have 
used Paris-greeu to destroy the codling-moth 
too late. The female deposits her egg in the 
calyx of the little apple about as soon as it is 
formed. The poison collects iu the calyx and 
kills the gml) as soon as it hatches out and 
begins to eat its way within. To apply the 
poison afterwards can do no good. 
We hear of a rose called the “White Baron¬ 
ess” that is said to be perfection in its way. 
A friend describes the flower as “surrounded 
on all sides with verdure,” by which we pre¬ 
sume an unusually foliaceous calyx is meant, 
“it is over five inches iu diameter, perfect in 
shape and of a creamy-white color.” But this 
is not a new rose as showu elsewhere. 
We find in the April number of the Popular 
Science Monthly that old report of thecouven 
tiou which n commended the Arnold Evapor¬ 
ator and elected VV. Orlando Smith secretary. 
This swindle was fully exposed in the agricul¬ 
tural press eight months ago. It is a little 
discouraging to see a magazine with ttie rep¬ 
utation of the “Monthly’ 1 contributing such a 
stale hUUlbug to the cause of “science.” 
Our law-makers do good work when they 
abolish the present car stoves and lamps. 
These death-deulers must, go. Steam and 
electricity for healing and lighting seem to be 
the coming factors. I f tlin present locomotive 
will not supply steam enough, a special boiler 
car might be placed at the center of the train. 
This could send steam 111 both directions. Let 
us have no more passengers roasted alive. 
Mr. J. J. H. GREGORY writes us that he has 
made hundreds of tests every season for 10 
years, having standard varieties side by side 
with new things, that ho might easily measure 
the differences. Not, more than two per cent, 
have proven superior to the old kinds. With 
Mr. Gregory the first set fruit of the Mikado 
(Turner’s Hybrid) Tomato were rough, but 
the later fruit were fairly smooth. “It is 
never.” he says “safe to infer what a tomato 
is from watering it through a single season.” 
Young America is restless. Every year, 
at about this season, we have many letters 
fioin young men asking if in our opinion it 
will pay them to leave places where they are 
making a living and a little more, and start 
out into the West and South for a new home. 
No answer can ever lie given to such letters. 
It all depends upou the man. The wealth and 
strength of the West have been largely built up 
by the restless spirits who could not l>e con- 
tcuted at the East, yet hundreds wander for 
years without reward, A« a rule, a trip about 
the country and a little wholesome “roughing" 
bring out muuy advantages in the home lo¬ 
cation that, never were seen before. 
From careful estimates made by the Ameri¬ 
can Grocer, we learn that the yearly national 
tobacc o bill is $250,500,000. Of this $200,500,- 
000 wore burned into smoke, and $50,000,000 
were chewed into disgusting “juice.” Last 
year the losses by fires reached a total of #120,- 
000,000. Thousands of dollars were spent iu 
trying to control and diminish conflagrations, 
yet the nation went calmly on blowing twice 
the value of tho buildings destroyed by fire 
out of its mouth in the form of smoke. Last 
year $700,000,000 were spent for liquors, $187,- 
000,000 for sugar, $130,000,000 for coffee, tea 
and cocoa, and $110,000,000 for sc hools. Think 
of $1,086,000,000 spent (or tobacco and liquors 
while there are men who claim that they CRU* 
, 1 not obtain bread for their families, 
