are Dakota, Nebraska/Kansas and Texas, 
which are now the chief objective points. 
After the land is selected the work of house¬ 
building falls on the man, and must be done 
from such materials as are cheapest. Stone, 
logs, adobe aud sods arc used, according to 
the locality. 
But in the very States where Nature holds 
out her hand most cordially to the immi¬ 
grant, the soil and climate render it possible 
that man may simulate the habits of the 
lower orders of animals and burrow in the 
ground. The “dug-out,'’ to be known, must 
be seen. As a temporary shelter they may be 
made comfortable, are frequently plastered, 
have glass windows in front and ventilation 
above, aud it is no imeommou thing to dud 
books, music, aud re lined people iu them, 
home of the most, prominent citizens aud 
many of the wealthiest farmers have lived in 
the dug-outs and sod-houses iu the days of 
their poverty; but as the native gophers and 
ground squirrels leave their burrows in the 
budding spring, such people always come up 
into the free air aud sunlight iu the earliest 
dawn of a brightening prosperity. These 
places, unhealthy and gloomy at the best, are 
ruinous to mind and body if long inhabited. 
Yet there are men and women, degenerated 
into mere animals, who dwell iu these holes 
after they are infested with mice and vermin, 
and who even learn to like them and be like 
them. 
One familiar only with the comfortable 
homesteads of the East can form no concep¬ 
tion of what farming is to the Western 
womau. The houses are small, inconvenient, 
and finished only by degrees. She has few 
facilities to make easy her care for her house¬ 
hold, her cows and her poultry. The fuel is 
uot under cover, the water is hard to draw. 
Her work is heavy through lack of convenien¬ 
ces. The extensive farms of the West are 
often au injury to the womau in many ways. 
The farmer is so busy that he has no time to 
do the needed jobs about the house aud yard. 
To harvest the large amount of grain the 
farmer needs much machinery aud help, and 
to obtaia these the stinting is done iu the 
house. Too often the farmer makes house¬ 
hold economy so much the more necessary by 
his carelessness. The farm machinery is uot 
properly housed. An expensive harvester or 
thrashing machine, that will cramp the fam¬ 
ily long to pay for, is exposed to the weather 
the year round. Then it wears out quickly, 
and, giving way when most needed, causes 
delay and expense. This is one of the many 
avoidable reasons why poverty is so severe 
and continued iu many farmers’ homes. 
When the laud is bought and not “home¬ 
steaded,” there are the payments to be met, 
aud, until the land is clear, the fax uier feels 
that nothing must be expended for comforts 
iu the house. 
Debt and poverty demand many sacrifices. 
I have known delicately nurtured women to 
part with their relics of former times, and 
even their superfluous clothing, to procure the 
necessaries of life. I have known them, when 
sickness has laid its hand on the husbaud, 
take his place in looking after the stock and 
outside interests, while earing for him and the 
little family alouo and unhelped. I have 
known them endure discomforts anil priva¬ 
tions of every sort', aud still keep heart under 
the daily round of toil and self-denial, be¬ 
cause it was done for home, the children, and 
the better time coming. But many have uot 
this courage anti strength, aud as the years 
go by they lose hope and affection. There is 
au old adage that “when poverty comes in at 
the door, love Hies out of the window,” and 
this is too often the case with the farmer’s 
wife. Sometimes the girlish preference she 
thought was love fails to stand these trying 
tests, and separation ensues. Divorces are 
frightfully common among the farmers of the 
West. 
Another cause of unhappiuess is overwork. 
This ill pertains ehietly to the transition state 
between poverty and plenty. Giveu certain 
stages of prosperity, aud the woman’s work 
is largely increased. Mora stock, more grain 
aud fruit, more help to the farmer; all these 
mean more work to tho woman. She can sel¬ 
dom procure help, for such us there is natu¬ 
rally seeks the town. If a girl goes to a eonu- 
try neighbor she does it for accommodation, 
and leaves as soon as possible. The daughters 
of foreigners tiro employed at home during 
the busy season as ordinary farm hands. In 
addition to the house uud children, the wife 
When Baby wgaslelc, wp gave her Castorla 
When she was a Child, she cried for Castorla, 
When she became Miss, she oiling to Castorla, 
When slid had Cl»ll;lFM».ski JSl’P ‘litdO UMfiOfllk 
must take care of the poultry, feed the calves, 
and often assist in chores less picturesque. The 
husband has no time to “potter” in the gar¬ 
den, and she must plant, lxoe, and gather 
such vegetables as she needs for the table. 
Eveu the cooking is a task of magnitude, for 
farm folks are the hungriest in the world, and 
the meals must be ready at the moment, lest 
the hands have to be idle. In the busy sea¬ 
sons a morning lunch must be prepared and 
carried to the fields by the wife, if she has no 
children large enough to do it. All these 
varied cores keep her constantly weary and 
unprepared to endure auy extra st rain on her 
system, or to bear the additional burdens 
which sometimes fall upon her. 
[Concluded next week .J 
HOME-MADE BOOK-CASE. 
The Great Popularity 
Of Ayer’s Pills is undoubtedly due ta 
the fact that people have found them 
the very best remedy that could be 
^procured for Biliousness, Constipation, 
Headache, ami various other complaints 
of the 
Stomach and Bowels. 
“ For Sick Headache, caused by a dis¬ 
ordered condition of flic stomach, Ayer’s 
Pills are the most reliable remedy.” — 
S. C. Brad burn, Worthington, Mas's. 
“ Half a box of Ayer’s Pills restored 
my appetite.”— C. 6. Clark, Daubury, 
Conn. 
“ Four boxes of Ayer’s Pills cured nxe 
of Liver Complaint.”—E. L. Fulton, 
Hanover, N. H. 
Our double parlors are also library, music 
aud family sittiug rooms, therefore economy 
of space is au object. When our books became 
too numerous for our on a small book-ease, we 
pressed au old corner whatnot into service; 
but the books did not look settled aud com¬ 
fortable iu that, and, besides, it was uot large 
enough. Th« furnishing purse was empty— 
its chronic state—and auy way there was no 
room to spare for one of the large,reudy made 
affairs. As a last resort in our dilemma, we 
consulted Clareuee Cook’s “Beds aud Tables, 
Stools and Candlesticks,” hopiug there to find 
a helpful idea. Having found aud followed 
it (a long way after. Handy Man says) and 
being pleased with the results, we waut some 
one else to do likewise. 
On either side of the archway is a space of 
blauk wall five feet wide; we concluded we 
could spare the one nearest a window. This 
was usually occupied by a big rocker, which 
was always banging and breaking the wall. 
Now if it happens to get back in its old corner 
—a way comfortable old chairs are apt to 
have—it may bang, but can do no harm 
against the solid shelves we dignify by calling 
the book-case. These shelves are very simple 
aud will not need much description, as the cut 
will explain itself. The corner posts are of 
black-walnut, two inches by two inches; the 
panel is of half inch pine. The shelves are of 
pine, with a two-inch strip of walnut on the 
front edge of the two middle shelves. The 
lower shelf has a wider piece of walnut sawed 
out with a bracket saw.aiul the top shelf is all 
pine, it being covered with crimson felt, and 
having a border of crimson furniture fringe. 
The upper shelf should be one inch wider 
than the others, so that it rnay project over a 
half inch in front and rear. This will allow it 
to stand close to the wall and prevent things 
from falling off behiud. The wood is all made 
very smooth and oiled ouly, no stain or var¬ 
nish being used, the yellow pine and black- 
walnut making a pretty combination. 
Fig. 168. 
Dusty ! Of course the books get dusty, and 
we thought of a curtain, but could not afford 
a nice one, aud did uot want auy other—aud 
then we like our beloved books iu sight all the 
time; but as this is a matter of taste, let 
every one decide for him or herself; suffice it 
to say that we find our ‘case , xis it is, both 
ornamental and useful as well as inexpensive. 
The work was all dune iu tho home shop with 
common tools, aud the lumber was only odds 
and ends from the “left-over” corner, and, by 
the way, this corner is a great comfort and 
convenience, for out of it comes many u little 
article that helps to oil the domestic ma- 
Ayer’s Pills, 
Prepared by l>r. J. C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mass. 
Sold by all Druggists and Dealers iu Medicine. 
MAKE HENS LAY 
OHERIDAN’S CONDITION POV "'ERis absolute 
O ly pure and highly concentrated. It is strictly 
a medicine to be given with food. Nothing on earth 
Will make bens lay like It. It cures chicken chol¬ 
era and all diseases of hens. Illustrated book by 
mall free. Sold cverywhe.-e. or sent by mall for 
25 ets. in stamps. 2J<-lb. tin cans, $1; by mall, 
$1.20. Six cans by express, prepaid, for $5 
I- S. Johnson & Co.. P. O. Box 21 18. Boston. Mass 
Are the Flat at In Tone, Style, Pink; and pneral 
make ap of any poods made. Goaranieed tor 6 ycera. 
Send for Catalogue, testimonials and terms, tree, to 
Weaver Organ and Plano Co., 
i uctory, York, IV, 
1 /\AA FLFGANT LARGE 
UUU TURK I e» H HUGH 
Giveu r« the 1. A DI KS of purchasers of Sample 
Harness with a view of au agency In territory where 
we have no agent. Send for full particulars. 
SHEK WOO II HA It Ni ESS t O„ Syracuse. X. Y. 
Put. Pel) 27, 1ST 
AGENTS WANTED 
“W" ARNOLD 
AUTOMATIC STEAM COOKER 
S jto jk 150 per month easily made. 
This is a rare chance. Apply at once 
b lLllOI' CaaTLK * to., ttocbnlcr, k. tl 
The NORTH-STAR Washboard is made 
of one solid sh -et of zinc, produc¬ 
ing a dim tile-faced board of the 
■ greatest durability. The deep 
flutiug makes Is hold more vva'er 
than any other board. A hard¬ 
wood frame, tlrmlr held to- 
ir-thcr will) an trot) bolt, 
cures strength. durability and 
'economy. The objection raisel 
fttrmn-t lb’s boa d ooiufs from 
dealers, who say “they last too 
’ onsr."lf > our irvoeer refuses to 
oroc'i eUd-board for>i>n,writeus. 
1 E.V NSC H MIPT. PUUC: K ,t Cl).. 
■IPS * iiO W. Polk St., Chicago 
EPPS’S 
GRATEFUL-COMFORTING 
COCOA 
HIM£R 00 fBEER 
Makes Five Cations of a delicious, sparkling 
temperance beverage. Strengthens) and puri¬ 
ties the blood. Itspurity and delicacy commend it 
to all. Sold by druggists and storekeepers every where. 
Sample Look of beautiful cards, H Games, 
12 tricks in uiiuric. <36 Album verses. AH fot 
a2c. stamp. STAX CARD CO., Station IS, Ohio 
BeltPracticaJJoke file Season 
porfect Klectrlc flell Button Is mace to pm anyone 
brvast. Kino ebony tin i ah with wh button Bure to 
lmlurea rush, which never falls to produce ashockwith 
•• Hail Columbia,*’ and variations. A Foil (liaree f 
e'.rrntritv every time. Tlie oi l Joker Is told “That is 
t.ootir King the Hell, tr The lte»t -elllnir t i t Iclo 
••vet i"vwnieil. 4760 sold by one nernt in 3 weeks. 
Sv.i.. i.y Mu.' |5 ceills. ; two for 25 cents.; 14 l<>r 
$1.00. 100 lor 56.00 Try $1 worth. Stain pa ti ken. 
World Halit C«. 1:3 Nassau SI. Ntw York 
ONIONS. 
Mr. Webster, of Berlin, 
I’otm.. spook- of the Stock- 
bridge In the highest terms; 
for onions: and Mr, Whitehead, of the same place, 
write that ftp lbs. of this fertilizer applied 
with a light dressing of stable manure, produced 
nearly ft/tl bu ’ " 
bushels per acre. BOWKER CO. 
TREES 
1887—SPR INC—1887 
Now is the time to prepare 
your orders for new aud i <uti 
Fruit nod Ornninenl ill 
Tree9, Shrubs, Evergreens.. 
Roses, Grape Vines eio. Be¬ 
sides many Desirable Novelties, we offer the largest 
and most complete general stock in the U. S. Cata¬ 
logues sent to all regular customers free-. To others: 
No. 1. Fruits, lbc.; No.Ornamental Trees, etc., illus¬ 
trated, 1 .jo.: No. .1, Strawberries: No. 4, Wholesale; No. 
5, Roses, free. ELLWANGER & BARRY, 
Mt. Hope N timer lew, Rochester. N. Y. 
PLANTS 
BY MAIL, a specialty. 
Mnguru, and a full 
Stock of other Lriiues. Large Hock 
»/a sdriiwherries «™i Raspberries, 
p'icvSf’iS Krio ami other Blackberries, \s- 
USWee parng us Roots, etc-. Dee. Catalogue 
Free: contains Si 1. St2 * *3 coneo’ns A instructions 
for planting. JOEL HORNER « SON, MtrcbantvlHe, N J. 
FOR tSAT.K.-I have a Hue lot if the celebrated 
Empire state Potatoes, which 1 offer at,81.00 per bush¬ 
el. fc'-ju per bb|., f. o, b. here. 
E. D. CUPP. Clittnn .Springs. -V. Y. 
DC AO CRD yon love RAUF, FLOWERS 
niHUCH choicest only, address ELLfs BROS. 
Keene. N. H. It will astonish and please. FREE. 
POTATOES AND OATS FOR “KED. 
Send Tor Price List. G. B, PU KERING, 
FISHERS, ONTARIO CO.. N. Y. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS. 
All the leading varieties true to name, at half the 
usual rates. Send for special prices, stating quantity 
want ed. Address .10II N S K A it N HART, 
WILMINGTON, DEL. 
BATCHELOR’S ESSAYS 
On GRASSES, MEADOWS, EAST CUES and T.A WNS, 
Mailed to any address on receipt of a two-cent stamp. 
Mr. Geo. Fllwauger. of Mount Hope Nurseries, 
writes: “Your Essay (s the most practical and iiasiruct- 
ive on Lawn.- and Grasses that 1 know of " 
DANIEL BATCHELOR, Ctica, N, Y. 
JOHN SAUL’S CATALOGUE. 
OF 
NEW, RARE and BEAUTIFUL PLANTS for 1887 
IS NOW READY. 
Plant lovers will And a large collection of verv beau¬ 
tiful and rare Flams, as well as novelties of'merit. 
This rich collection is well-grown, and offered at very 
low prices. 
ORrHIDS—A very large stock of choice East Indian, 
American, etc 
Also, Catalogues of Roses, Orchids, Seeds, Trees, etc. 
JOHN SAI7L, Washington, I). C. 
SEEDS. 
EVERY ONE WHO HAS A GARDEN 
Should read a copy of my 
Catalogue of Seeds, &c. 
Mailed free. It contains a complete priced List of the 
best varieties in cultivation, besides all the desirable 
novelties of last season, and nearly everything else in 
my line of business. 
ALFRED RRIDGEH V\, 
37 East 19th Slireet, New York City. 
Brat onit mo»i -ruflixb!? LATE WHITE 
PEACH. Chair. Ckul** erst late .eiluw 
Poach. l-arye st.vk of Peach ;na*. .tiitihie 
for all MCltona. William'* Kurt) Red, 
hr.; early apple. Gvod.iuak AppleTreea. 
moat popular ao-1 late ketpiu* i oj. Pear*. 
Cherry, (juluev t'auil all fruit trees and 
fruit bcaritic plants rOO.CWO 'l yeax old A»- 
paracu* roots, barge slock of Shade and 
Ornamentals. Send for Catalogue. 8. K. 
ROGERS A SON, Mt- Holly. N. J. 
Prolong your Berry Season by getting plants of 
GANDY’S PRIZE STRAW BERRY latest of all. remain¬ 
ing until blackberries ripen. Exceedingly linn, large, 
anti handsome. O. S. <7 ANDY, urioisator, 
NEWPORT. X. J. 
GARDEN SEEDS giveu away. Send -tamp at 
once for particulars. F. R. LA WKEXCE. 
Box 135 W, B ROOKLY N. N. Y. 
40 MOLES 
caught iu one season; 15 in five 
days, by the I’ER FEt TIOX 
MOLE TRAP. See description of Trap iu July 
28,1317, Rural New Yorker. 
Send for Descriptive Circular and Testimonials. 
Address. JOHN F. TURNER, 
GERMANTOWN, PHILA. 
ALEXANDER’S FERTILIZED POTATO 
S EED Per packet, 50 cents. 
UHAS DOWNING POTATO. 
Per pound. $1.00. 
O. H. ALEXANDER* Charlotte. Vt. 
SMALL FRUIT 
PLANTS. 
All varletie 
VINES, ETC. 
, both N cw and 
Did. at reasonable rates. Catalogues irec. 
JKW h;X)t) STH.AWBBHR.Y, 
Best and most prod active. Pull description. »tc„ free. 
Beautiful colored plate for a two cent stamp. Also 
other new varieties. Vddrers originators. P. M. 
AUGl'U & SUNS, Nurserymen. Middlellcld, Conu. 
chinery. 
MARY MANN. 
A friend mended some tiny holes iu her 
THE FARMER AND PLANTER’S KNIFE. 
FIVE FOlt ITIUEE DOLLAliS. 
black silk frock with black court-plaster and 
pronounced the mending a success, 
HU.scfUuim>us Yitmiisiiui 
SPRAYING FRUIT TREES. 
To destroy injurious Insects is conceded by all or 
chardlstsas necessary to secure perfect fruit! for full 
directions ami out tit for huud or horse power at bottom 
cash prices address 
FIELD FORCE PI TIP CO.. Lock port, N.Y. 
death 
lo UII.'S. WORDS, aud all 
INSECTS in Garden.-, orchards 
and Fields, illustrated Circulars free. 
T. WOOIMSON, 7» uanalport Ave.,Chicago jll 
Ruzor steel, tile 
tested blades; stag, 
ebony, or white 
handle tiosr paid 75 
cents. 5for *3. With 
bone handle. c>5 eis., 
6 for S i. This Is our 
"S7 purreru, brass 
tinea and cheap at 
81. No better blades 
can In 1 made Strong 
blade. M) cents; 
Colorado stock 
"Knife. 3 blades. 81; 
Hunting Knife. $1; 
Pruning, he cents to 
SI; Budding, 35 and 
55 cents Grafting, 
— 26 cents: S-Inch 
Family Shears, 75 cents; 56-page list free, also “How to Use a Razor. 
MAIMS It A G KOS1I, 30 S SI., Toledo. Ohio. 
