0 @ 
THE RURAL MEW-Y©RKER, 
MAY 
(Continued from page 305.) 
on the other tree the fruit was as badly in¬ 
jured ns in any other year. The next year I 
reversed the order, and applied the poison to 
the other tree. The consequence was 1 had a 
reversed order of fruiting. There was a crop 
on the one I had sprayed, but not on the 
other. Our Vice-President, Mr. MeP. Allen, 
in an orchard of a thousand trees, selected 
four to which he applied uo Paris-green, ap¬ 
plying it to all the rest. He took every care 
that none of the sprayed liquid fell on those 
trees, and he had a plentiful crop on all but 
those four. He tried four others the next 
year wl.ii tho same result.” Mr. Beall adds 
that he applied the poison just after the petals 
had done falling. 
Prof. Forbes. Illinois, has made a very care¬ 
ful examination of apples from t rees sprayed 
with Paris-green and water for the coddling 
moth, and has given it as his opinion that the 
injury to the fruit from the eureulio was re¬ 
duced one-half by the spraying. I believe 
Prof. Cook, of Michigan, has made some ex¬ 
periments that lead him to doubt the value of 
Paris-green for the eureulio, but I have not 
seen a detailed statement of his results. 1 
made an experiment, in t.l)i« line the past sea¬ 
son, but either applied the mixture too con¬ 
centrated or too often, as both leaves and 
fruit nearly all fell oil’ before the end of the 
summer. I made three applications, using an 
ounce of Paris-green to 10 gallons of water. 
If w® can control the eureulio with Paris- 
green without iujuring the foliage of the trees, 
we certainly cannot afford to be without a 
knowledge of the fact. I have written this 
with the hope that many plum growers may 
be induced to try the experiment the coming 
season. Care should be taken not to use too 
much Paris-green, but the proper amount 
must be settled by experiment. 
GeNKVA, N. V. E. S. GOFF. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
[Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attention. Before 
asklnK a question, please see If It Is not answered In 
our advert ising columns. Ask only a few questions at 
one time. Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
PARTIAL LUXATION OF THE PATELLA IN 
A COLT, ETC. 
C. C. IF., Peter Island , Out., Can .—A three- 
year-old eolt which I allow to run on the com¬ 
mon during the day, but. stable at night, came 
home about a week ago lame In the stifle, and 
he is so still. He stands quite naturally, but 
when he walks he favors the lame leg,and one 
can hear a clucking noise when he steps on that 
leg; what ails him and how should he be treated? 
2. My sow bad pigs a mouth ago. They have 
been kept well bedded and liberally fed in a 
pen, getting corn and wheat bran with house 
slops. The best of the pigs was taken with the 
thumps a few days ago, its sides heaving like 
those of a horse afflicted with the heaves. It 
died in two days. What should have been 
done for the rest af them? 
Ans.— 1. The ligaments holding the patella 
in position have been strained and are now re¬ 
laxed, so that with each step of the animal 
the patella slides out and in of its natural posi¬ 
tion producing the clucking sound. The con¬ 
dition is known as partial luxation of the pa¬ 
tella. Apply the following blister over the 
stifle joint: Powdered cantharides two drams, 
lard one ounce, camphor five to ten drops, oil 
of lavender ten drops; mix at a temperature 
below that of boiling water. First clip the 
hair short and then rub the blister well in 
against the direction of the hair. The ani¬ 
mal’s head must bo tied short to a high rack so 
that he cannot lie down or reach the blistered 
surface with his lips. After the blister is well 
raised (24—30 hours) carefully wash ofl' with 
Castile soap-suds and auoiut daily with 
vaseline. Keep the colt quiet until the effect 
of the blister bus partially passed off. Repeat 
iu three or four weeks if the difficulty is not 
remedied. Give the following powder night 
and morning on alternate weeks: powdered 
gentian and ginger, each one-half ounce, sul¬ 
phate of iron one dram. Feed enough grass 
or other green food to keep the bowels loose. 2. 
Turn the pigs into a yard where they can have 
quiet exercise, but where they will not be ex¬ 
cited. Restrict the diet. Give twice daily 
two to three graius of digitalis. Stop the med¬ 
icine when relief is obtained. Treatment is of¬ 
ten not very satisfactory unless taken at the 
outset. 
“wild calves.” 
J. II. S., Hickory. W. Va ,—A cow of mine 
gave birth to twin calves and did not' ‘clean 
but the after-birth was taken from her by my 
hired man. On it thero wore a number of 
kidney-sliaped lumps, some of them the size of 
the kidneys of small hogs. He, as well as 
others, calleil them “wild calves” and he said 
that he never knew a cow to recover a Tier 
such nn oceuircnce. My cow is still very 
weak, but she is improving: what are “wild 
calves,” and what causes them? 
answered by dr. f. l. kilborne. 
From your description there is nothing to 
indicate that your twiu calves were not per¬ 
fectly natural. It is not very unusual for a 
cow to retain the after-birth, so that it has to 
be removed. The lumps you saw were the 
natural places of attachment between the foe¬ 
tal membranes (or after-birth as they are 
called after the calf is born) and the womb or 
uterus of the mother. They are called the 
cotyledons, and are to be found in every cow 
with calf. Those “wild calf” stories ami the 
statements that cows rarely recover from them 
are all nonsense ami do not signify any thing. 
“Wild calves,” like “hollow-horn,” “wolf- 
in-the-tail” and a great many other such non¬ 
sensical names belong to the vocabulary of 
the local “cow-doctor” and may mean any¬ 
thing or nothing at all. Persons using such 
names usually do so because of their ignorance 
of the proper name to use. 
POTATO QUERIES. 
W. IX 0., Fosrboro, Mass. —I planted two 
acres last season to potatoes, adopting the 
Rural trench and level culture plan. Soil a 
light sandy loam. Variety, Clarke’s No. 1. 1 
plowed under a light dressing of coarse stable 
manure and used Mapcs’s potato fert ilizer iu 
trenches (first covering the seed about two 
inches) at the rate of 1,200 pounds 
to the acre; trenches, three feet eight 
inches apart. The season was very 
favorable and I never saw n bottor-look- 
ing field of tops. When dug, the potatoes 
were small. I used small selected potatoes for 
seed, cutting two eyes to a piece. I intend to 
try again this season and would like informa¬ 
tion on a few points. 1. Would a ton of kainit 
per acre, harrowed iu in place of stable ma¬ 
nure, be of more benefit, aud increase the size 
of the tubers? 2. Will nitrate of soda bring 
an earlier crop of potatoes? 3. What potato 
would be best for light soil? 4. What is the 
best very early potato ? 5. Is there any better 
method of planting potatoes than with kainit 
and Mapes’s complete fertilizer on very poor, 
light, sandy soil? 
Ans. —1. AVe should not use a ton of kaiuit 
to the acre. Half a ton would do as well as 
more. Stable manure has never helped our 
potato crops much if applied in the spring,un¬ 
less the manure is well decayed. To in¬ 
crease the size and yield, wo should spread 
proportionate amounts of potash, phosphate 
and nitrate of soda, or uny high-grudo potato 
fertilizer will answer as well. 2. No, we are 
not aware that nitrate of soda would hasten 
maturity. 3—4. Of the well-tried kinds, 
Beauty of llebrou, White Star (intermediate) 
and Blush (late), do well in the light soil of the 
Rural Farm. 5. If we used Mapes, the kainit 
might, be omitted. 
A STERILE MARE. 
U A subscriberFond du Luc, Wis. —1. I 
have a sound, very high-spirited marc, 20 
years old. For three successive years, when 
15, 1(1 and 17 years old, I put her to a different 
stallion, but she bore uo colt; what was the 
trouble? Would there be any danger of 
breeding her at her age? 2. Last year and 
the year before she worked with a heavy 
horse, und the nerves aud joluts of the feet 
appear to feel sore as if she lmd pulled too 
much; what can be done for her? 
Ans. —1. If the mure would not breed at 15 
she will probably always lie sterile. Mares 
are safely bred at her age, and if you wish to 
try again, work her moderately, on u re¬ 
stricted diet, for a fc" weeks before putting 
her to the stallion. If unsuccessful we would 
not advise trying again. 2. Your description 
of the tenderness is too indefinite to enable us 
to prescribe definitely, if due to overwork, 
rest may be all that is necessary. When you 
can locate the tenderness or lameness, if there 
is any, we can prescribe, aud not before. 
Miscellaneous. 
T. It., Cannellton ., Pa .—1. AY hat is the best 
early sweet corn for this place? 2. What is 
the object of the Rural’s Free Seed Distribu¬ 
tion? 3. Will the hydrangea thrive here? 4. 
Is the Top-over Corn likely to do well here? 
Anh.— l,The Cory is about the earliest sweet 
corn. The Northern Pedigree is the best in 
quulity of tho earliest strains. Triumph is 
early and good iu quality. Moore’s Early 
Concord comes next. After that the Ne Plus 
Ultra is fine in quality. Stowoll’s Evergreen 
is about the best late. 2 The object of our 
seed distribution is to send out small quanti¬ 
ties of the best uovelties, so tliut our readers 
may test them without the expense of buying. 
AVe never sell anything. 3.The hydrangea (H. 
paniculata grandiflora) will prove hardy with 
you. Tt isagrand plant in its way. The Rural 
lias had it many years and was the first of the 
rural papers to call particular attention to it. 
4. The Top-over Corn is notable for its little 
stem and for the fact that the ears are well 
covered with kernels both on the tip and butt. 
It was not particularly early at the Rural 
Grounds. AVe should try it in a small plot 
first. 
J. L. P ., Binghamton , N. Y. —1. What 
quantity of hay is contained in a stack 12 feet 
high and 02 feet in circumference; and what 
is the rule lbr finding it out. 2. How long is 
the Wyandotte likely to remain a leading 
breed? 
Ans.— 1. Hay varies somewhat in weight 
with its varying fineness or coarseness, also 
with the pressure applied to it. Experts gen¬ 
erally allow 512 cubic feet to the ton. You 
do not give the shape of your stack, but we 
take it to be a round one. ll' it is a round it will 
contain approximately 1600 cubic feet or a 
trifle over three tons. 2. Just as long as 
breeders keep them up to their present stand- 
dard There is no particular “boom” for any 
breed just now. Wyaudottes have won their 
prominence by real excellence and unless they 
deteriorate, as does not now seem likely, they 
will always find friends. 
H. 1 >., Oreeiiavich, Conn. —1. AVhy should 
ashes and hen manure not be mixed till one is 
going to use them? 2. If ashes uru put on the 
floor of a hen-house to absorb the droppings, 
will they injure the fowls’ feet? 3. Will not 
sulphur burned in the hen house kill vermin 
as effectually us kerosene emulsion? 
Ans.— 1. If both could he perfectly dry 
when mixed there would probable be no loss 
of value. AA r lien moisture is applied the am¬ 
monia in the hen manure is sot free and 
escapes into the air. When mixed just before 
putting into the ground, the liberated ammo¬ 
nia will be absorbed by the soil. 2. Yes, we 
know of cases where hens have been injured 
by such a practice. 3. Probably, but it will 
lake longer and the process is not so sure. 
AVith spaying bellows we can blow the ker¬ 
osene into every corner and crevice iu a very 
short time. 
W. C. /?., Bridgewater, AT.—My yearling 
bull has had u discharge from one of his nos¬ 
trils ever since he came to the barn. Tt isn’t 
continuous, but he blows it out like a person 
blowing his nose when troubled with catarrh. 
It is of about t he consistency of clotted blood, 
and is streaked with blood. Lately he has 
bled a little from one nostril. Ho does not 
cough, but cats well aud seems to feel well, 
and ho has grown finely the past winter; 
what shall I do for him? 
Ans.— A personal examination would be 
necessary to determine the exact seat and 
nature of the difficulty. It may be u tumor 
in the nose, or a collection of matter in the 
nasal sinuses of that. side. The services of a 
competent veterinary surgeon will probably 
be necessary to remove the difficulty. 
C. B. S., Him rods, N. Y .—A lecturer on 
fertilizers said that we shouldn’t buy super¬ 
phosphates, hone-flour, etc., of the manufac¬ 
turers; but of “drug brokers;” was lie right? 
Ans. —The drug broker makes his living at 
least partly by watching for chances to buy 
goods for his customers at less than the market 
rates. He may or may not succeed in getting 
suCh lower rates; and when he has got, them 
tho goods may or may not be satisfactory in 
quality. We do not believe that there can be 
auy better course in this matter than to buy 
the materials for a superphosphate mixture 
of some one of the well-known and reputable 
city dealers in such goods, who know what 
they are selling, and can guarantee tho good 
quality thereof. 
F. C. //., Worcester, AY.—The manure 
from SO or 40 sheep, which have been littered 
with brakes and straw, lies under a shed. The 
idle is about three feet deep. Would you 
draw it out this spring anil plow or 'harrow it 
in, or leave it until fall? 
Ans. —It depends upon the uses you have 
for it and the character of your farm. AVe 
should not spread manure during the fall or 
winter upon a hillside or upon a place where 
it could be washed away. In your ease we 
believe it would be wisest to get tho manure 
out at once and got it into the ground. 
J, W., Winona, Ohio ,—My throe-year-old 
marc is greatly addicted to pawing, often 
raising her feet up four feet and keeping up a 
constant noise; is there any remedy ? 
Ans, —Procure a piece of heavy trace chain 
about 13 inches long. Strap one cud above 
tho knoo, and let tho other end lmng free. 
Tho swinging of the chain about tho limb will 
be so uncomfortable that she will soon stop 
pawing. If she paws with both feet apply a 
piece of chain to each limb. 
Reader, Buffalo, N. Y.— From whom can 
the report of tho Pennsylvania State Board 
of Agriculture be obtained? 
Ans.— The report will be sent to all Penn¬ 
sylvania farmers who apply to the Secretary, 
Thos. J. Edge, Harrisburg. AVe do not know 
whether the edition is largo enough to supply 
farmers in other States, 
J. It., New Iberia, La .—AVhat kind of pota¬ 
to is the Bermuda? 
Ans. —Wo are not. aware that, there is any 
Bermuda potato. Most of the Bermuda seed 
is raised North. It is the soil or climate or 
both that give the peculiar color. 
h. B., Winchester, Dakota .—James Me¬ 
et reery A Co. uie one of the most reliable firms 
iu this city. 
1. C. //.—AVe are trying the Wide Awake 
Oats this season. 
C. If .—Buhaeh is a perfect insecticide for 
bed-bugs. 
DISCUSSION. 
H. B., Glenn, Mioh.—A late Rural says 
tho English hazel-nut and the filbert are the 
same. This must, be an error. The hazel-nut 
grows wild in the woods and hedgerows, and 
is uearly round in shape; the filbert is a culti¬ 
vated sort, is long in shape, and about twice 
the size of a hazel-nut, and much superior in 
quality; in fact, it is the best nut English 
people have (but not the most productive) and 
the hazel-nut is the poorest. I am nu English¬ 
man and was raised iu tho great hop and 
fruit district of Kent County. I followed 
pruning iu winter (mostly nut trees), and 
picking and packing the various kinds of 
fruits in their season for 15 years previous 
to 1371 when T left England for America. 
Consequently I was well acquainted with 
nearly all fruits under cultivation there at 
that ti me. 
R. N.-Y.—A\ T o followed Dr. Gray in using 
both filberts and hazel-nuts interchangeably. 
AVe are aware that some call the foreign 
Corylus Avellana by the common name of fil¬ 
berts, while the American species is called 
hazel-nut. 
G. H. O.—Gravelley Valley', Cal.— 
Do such plants as grapes, gooseberries, or 
such as arc raised by artificial heat require 
extra protection the first winter after trans¬ 
planting? I got some last spring, from the 
Gust, that grew well through the summer, but 
the new growth was nil killed the past winter. 
Tho plants were covered with litter and tho 
mercury was never below 10" below freezing, 
which is nothing to what it is in the East. I 
think there is a good deal of humbug about 
taking green-house plants of any kind for out¬ 
door cultivation. They are of too quick a 
growth and too slender. A little ventilation 
of that subject would benefit the public, but 
of course, would not help tho nurserymen 
whose interests, of course, must be protected 
at the expense of the poor farmer, over whom 
so much sweet sympathy is wasted. 
Could not the Rural prevail on horticul¬ 
turists to find some way to prevent gophers 
from destroying trees? It would be a great 
benefit to ninny sections of the country; pois¬ 
on or traps amount to nothing here. Out of 20 
apple t rees ready to bear, gophers huve ruined 
14 for me. In many places people cannot raise 
apples on account of the pouts. 
[It. N. Y.—A forced growth, whether by 
artificial heat and moisture, or by excessive 
manuring, is never as strong and lianly as a 
natural growth. 
List for Southern New England.— Here 
is a list of fruit, which P. M. Augur, State 
Pomologist of Connecticut, furnishes to the 
N. E. Homestead. Mr. Augur is asked for 
a list of fruits for the Connecticut every day 
farmer, from June 1st to lust through the 
year. There is no reason why the Rnxlmry 
Russet and the Americun Golden ltusset 
should not lap well on to the strawberry sea¬ 
son every year; so ho regards these varieties 
Of apples as connecting links between the pre¬ 
ceding year aud the present year’s fruit. 
For Strawberries some latitude must be 
given for variation of soils; ordinarily be 
would ad vise the following list: Early—Cres¬ 
cent, Wilson, Gypsy. Medium—Charles 
Downing, Sharpless, Jewell. The Jewell is to 
have high culture and narrow rows. Of the 
above, the Crescent, Gypsy and Jewell are 
pistillate; the others are bi-sexual. They may 
be planted iu the order named, in which case 
they will be fruitful. 
Rashbicrries. —Try the Springfield for 
very early blackcap, then Houhegan and Ne¬ 
maha; red, Reliance, Cuthbort, Marlboro. 
Blackberries.— Snyder, Erie. 
Graces. —Moore’s Early, AVorden, Herbert, 
