A BATCH OF FRUIT AND FLOWER 
DESPOILERS. 
W. L. DEV'EREAUX. 
The American apple weevil; the English ap¬ 
ple-weevil; the Rue-spotted Bud-moth; the 
Palmar Worm; climbing cut-worms, etc. 
There are many kinds of insect enemies of 
large fruits, which as they are present in or¬ 
chards only in small numbers as a rule, are 
not thought to bo present at all, and hence 
orehardists usually charge all defects and de¬ 
struction of fruit to the apple worm, tlio cur- 
culio and the cold north winds and snow 
storms when the treas are in bloom. Many of 
the pests are however, abundant iu some or¬ 
chards, and the chances are that any one of 
them may multiply and propagate its kind so 
plentifully in all orchards that it will become 
as well known and as much dreaded as the 
apple-worm. As such a possible enemy I may 
cite the American Apple Weevil or four¬ 
humped flower dweller, Anthouomus quadri- 
gibbus, a back view of which is shown at a a 
Fig. 1S9, and a side view at b. It is plentiful 
Fig. 189. 
on the haw or thorn-apple, but only locally— 
aud principally in the West—has it done 
much damage to fine fruit. That it has in 
many places gradually removed from the 
thorn to the crab, and then to apples is 
certainly ominous. Ami though it does not 
adopt a new plant for food as rapidly as the 
the Colorado potato beetle did, nevertheless it 
prepares ns to expect that it will some time 
multiply in troublesome numbers every¬ 
where. 
These little snout beetles cause, by their 
punctures, minute blackish scars having a 
hole in the centers, from which decay of the 
fruit sometimes starts. From five to twenty 
pinhole punctures arc made in au apple, of 
which some are made for food aud some for 
the insertion of eggs, producing the larva?, 
which burrow in the pulp and core, like small 
codling worms. They grow and escape with¬ 
out causing the fruit to fall; hence the diffi¬ 
culty of destroying them. Fruit is infested 
throughout the summer, aud every apple or 
pear entered by a larva is blemished, espec¬ 
ially by the perforation for exit, which is sur- 
rouuded by a red or brown border. Where 
pears are severely punctured by the beetle 
at one place, a hard knot or gall-like swelling, 
retaining a green color, is formed. Fig. 100 
shows this as found on Seckel pears. 
KMX 
Fig. 190. 
Another species known in England as the 
Apple Weevil (A. Pomorum), differs from 
ours, and conforms to the habits of nearly all 
these “flower dwellers” by eating the stamens 
and pistils of flowers. Its egg is inserted iu a 
nearly developed apple blossom, where the 
larva remains hidden, eating up the whole 
internal parts of the flower. While the cor¬ 
olla does not exactly expand, it does not, for 
a long time, otherwise indicate that its heart 
and embryo fruit are devoured. The insect 
THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER. 
would no doubt, like other trans-Atlantic 
pests, multiply and do more damage than 
iu Europe, if once it reached our shore. The 
commissioned entomologists are on the alert 
for this sort of an invader, and their best ef¬ 
forts should be given to the detection and de¬ 
struction of introduced specimens. , 
Several bud and blossom worms are alroady 
frequent. The Eye-spotted Bud-motli (T met 
ocera ocellana. Scf.), occa¬ 
sions the most damage, as it 
nearly always deposits eggs 
on fruit bud twigs. The 
_ t -qrr.zp-{T'.^ worm ties terminal leaves 
“ . together around its silken 
case, and devours enough 
of the blossoms and leaves to destroy 
them. It also tmmels down the pith 
of twigs, causing the blasting of fruit, and 
starting a kind of twig blight, which, espe¬ 
cially with the quince, is begun by the simple 
injury and blasting of tho very young fruit. 
The worm often gnaws into young apples 
and thus causes malformation of the fruit. 
Tho dried clusters of leaves may be pulled off, 
aud the worm within can be crushed; but this 
cannot be practically done except in ease of 
quince trees. Harris says, under his notice 
ot this insect, which he calls, Penthina ocu- 
lana: “It were to be wished that some better 
way of putting a stop to the ravages of the 
leaf-rollers and bud-moths that infest many 
of our fruit trees and flowering shrubs, could 
be discovered.” More than 25 yeai*s elapsed 
before the want expressed by Dr. Harris was 
supplied iu the Paris-greeu spray, serviceably 
applied with the improved rigs aud nozzles, 
aud it is au effectual method, destroying near¬ 
ly every orchard pest when abounding in great 
numbers, and doing much good iu poisoning 
scattered miscellaneous leaf and fruit eaters. 
The Palmer Worm (Ypsolophus pometellus, 
Harris), Fig. 102, eats at first the pulpy part 
of leaves, skeletonizing them and after awhile 
it devours the small veins of the leaf and all, 
and also very frequently gnaws grooves aud 
cavities iu young apples, hence it is a blemish 
maker. This, like the previous insect, is small 
in size—less than au inch—and like it, Is also 
of several drab shades of color, sparingly 
haired, coming in June, and producing a mass 
of browned half-eaten leaves. Climbing Cut¬ 
worms (Agrotis scandens and saucia),Fig. 193, 
Fig. 103. 
eat many round holes in young apples in some 
orchards, aud so does the Ash-grey Pinion 
(Xyliua antcmiata). May-beetles guaw apples 
in June Squirrels and doer-mice do the sa me 
injury both in young aud ripened fruit. Paro¬ 
quets and crossbills are also known to mutilate 
growing or young apples. 
(To be continued.) 
tic lb Crops. 
COW-PEAS IN THE NORTH. 
What the Rural says in the issue of 
April 2d, page 222, with regard to the large 
growth of cow-peas in this section is quite 
true. The vines, however, are so coarse that 
my stock would not cat them. A friend sent 
me two bushels of seed from Charleston. S. C. 
aud I planted them, expecting something 
grand, but was badly disappointed, as my 
cattle and sheep wouldn’t touch the vines. Li 
return for his favor, l sent my friend two 
bushels of Euglish field peas, and ever since 
he hasn’t nsed any cow-peas. This English 
field pea in South Carolina and other parts of 
the South, is giving great satisfaction. In my 
opiuiou, the cow pea (so called) is only fit to 
plow under as a fertilizer. wm. crozikr. 
Suffolk Co., N. Y 
[Southern farmers speak well of cow-pea 
vines as hay, but our own experience is like 
that of Mr. Crozier. Neither our cows nor 
horses relished the vines.—E ds. 1] 
Caw. 
u Every Man is presumed to know the Law. 
Nine-tenths of all Litigation arises from Ig¬ 
norance of Law." 
M. It., Rahway , N. J .—With regard to the 
rights of the traveling public on country 
roads, and the rights of the contiguous land- 
owners: • 
1. Is there any difference in the laws re¬ 
specting old-time roads and newly opened 
roads? 
2. Roads through land owned on both sides 
by one owner, or where land is owned on each 
side by separate individuals? 
3. What are the rights of way? 
4. How far do the rights of the public ex¬ 
tend? 
5. Is the right of the public limited? 
6 . What are the rights of the owners of 
such land over which such roads have been 
opened, in the road-land? 
7. Have they not the exclusive right to any 
and all grass, herbage, ami fruit-trees which, 
at a former time, or since, were sowed, or 
planted by them ? 
8 . Has any one else a right to pasture a cow 
or horse from time to time, if only for five 
minutes, keeping this up several times, and if 
forbidden, still persisting? Is there any law 
to punish; if there is what is tho penalty? 
0 . Have there been any cases of such tres¬ 
pass tried; if so, will you please cite them? 
10. What is the penalty for destroying a 
“trespass notice” maliciously? 
Ans.— 1. The only difference between old 
ami new roads relates to their complete dedi¬ 
cation to public use. That is, when opened by 
private persons, the public does not gain a 
perfect right to use them, against the consent 
of the land owner, until after the lapse of 
time (usually 20 years), or formal dedication 
and acceptance by the town authorities. 
2. Ordinarily, when land is owned on each 
side by separate owners, they each own the 
fee to the middle of the road, but this some¬ 
times depends on particular circumstances. 
If the road-bed wasall taken from ouoowner's 
land, and the same if he owns both sides of 
the road, he will retain ownership of the 
underlying fee; that is, the ultimate title to 
the land, in case its use as a road should be 
discontinued. 
3. Everybody and everything has a right, of 
way over a public road, except such things as 
obstruct the passage. For moving houses, 
etc., generally a permit must be obtained. 
There are usually city ordinances regulating 
the street parades, not applicable to country 
roads. But horse or dummy railroads are not 
allowed to occupy them, except to cross them. 
4. The lights of the public exteud to the un¬ 
obstructed use of the highway to the full 
width to which it is opened. 
5. By New Jersey law all vehicles must 
measure four feet 10 inches between felloes, 
aud drivers must keep to the right. The pub¬ 
lic are not permitted to use the road for any 
purpose but passage. If it is occupied in un¬ 
loading goods, to such an extent as to obstruct 
passage, such use is illegal. 
6 aud 7. The owners of the land subject to 
public use as a road by the common law retain 
ownership of the soil, grass, etc. A remark 
that (S) “the owner of the soil has all above 
aud under ground, except only the right of 
passage,” was said in a Massachusetts Supreme 
Court case, to have been “settled law, certain¬ 
ly, ever since the time of Edward IV*.” 
0. In the same case (StacJrpole v. Healy, 16 
Mass., 38) it was said. “It is not lawful, 
thei efore, for the public to put their cattle 
into the highway to graze.” The Court also 
said that the owner may maintain au action 
of trespass against a person thus making an 
illegal use of the highway to his detriment. 
12. Such an act would, of court*', bo a tres¬ 
pass, but we have uot been able to find a fixed 
statutory penalty. 
5. S., Almond, N. Y .—Some years ago I 
lived iu Illinois where I lost my wife, and 
when I moved, I left my two-year-old daugh¬ 
ter with a family, agreeing to leave her there 
os loug as both parties were satisfied. About 
a year afterward they left her in charge of 
another party, who sent me papers to sign 
binding her to them. I didn’t sign them, but 
told these people I wouldn’t take tho child 
away so long as they were both content. They 
have gone to Washiugtou Territory aud left 
her with relatives. She writes me that “pa 
and ma” have been away six months, and she 
thinks that they will tend for her in the fall. 
She is now 16 years old; can I recover her? 
Ans.— It will depend iu a great measure on 
the discretion of the Court after so loug a vol¬ 
untary separation. The wishes of the daught¬ 
er are certain to ba consulted anil have a good 
deal of weight. If she is willing to join her 
real father, there will be no difficulty. 
PiSffUimeou.s gUmtijsittfl. 
MERINO UNDERWEAR. 
Messrs 
JAMES McCREERY & CO. 
have placed on their retail 
connters complete lines of 
the 
"FURLEYANDBUTTRUM BRAND.” 
of Merino I nderwear, in 
weight adapted to the 
Spring’ and Summer Sea¬ 
son, for Ladies, Gentlemen 
and Children. 
These (goods are not ex¬ 
celled hvany line of English 
manufacture, are moder¬ 
ate in price, and guaran¬ 
teed to be in every respect 
as represented. 
ORDERS BY MAIL 
from any part of the coun¬ 
try will receive careful 
and prompt attention. 
JAMES McCREERY & CO., 
Broadway and 11th St., 
Kew York. 
late with regard to various medicinal adver¬ 
tising concerns in this city, that we have in¬ 
vestigated them more carefully than usual 
with some unexpected, though hardly extra¬ 
ordinary, results. Iu papers all over the 
country—North, South, East and West—nu¬ 
merous advertisements have for a long time 
been vaunting the merits of the nostrums 
offered to the afflicted by the “Civiale 
Agency,” the “Craigie Medical Clinic,” the 
“Craigie Capsule Co.the “Marstou Remedy 
Co.,” the “Van Graef Trochee Co.,” and the 
“Oats Essence Co.,” all located here. The 
United States mails have also carried hundreds 
of thousands of circulars from these concerns 
all over the country. As many as 20,000 cir¬ 
culars have been sent out from one office in a 
day. Without exception they are all of the 
filthiest description. They are obscene aud 
abominable. Thousands of them have been 
sent to youug men and women at schools and 
colleges. Ten of thousands of them have de¬ 
filed innocent homes in all parts of the laud. 
All owe their existence to a man called 
Kano. There are some things which St. Paul 
says should uot be mentioned among Chris¬ 
tians, and hence we say no more about these 
concerns, but strongly urge our readers to 
leave them severely alone. 
Swiudler T. S. Gardner of Chicago and Cin¬ 
cinnati. and of the Farm Journal, Farmers’ 
Album and Farming World, and also of the 
‘'four-per-cent.-loan” fraud, was arrested in 
Chicago with his wife. He is out ou $2,500 
bail, and she on $1,000. “He” was the “Chi¬ 
cago Farm Journal Company,” and “she” was 
its treasurer. Lately the rascal had been 
paying special attention to the four-per-cent.- 
loan swindle. In his customary way he fig¬ 
ured out a net profit of $366,000 a year from 
the advertising receipts of his paper, all that 
he wanted to make this being 100,000 subscrib¬ 
ers. These subscribers he proposed to get 
should he have to pay them to take his paper. 
Thus far the old and new schemes were alike. 
But the inducement to subscribe was differ¬ 
ent. He said ho had no call for all of the 
$360,000, and he wanted to invest it. If he 
bought Government bonds ho would get only 
8?,/ percent., he says, and do nobody any 
good, whereas if he lent it out among his sub¬ 
scribers at four per cent, he would be benefit¬ 
ing both himself and them. All he insisted 
upon was t hat they become subscribers and pay 
their subscriptions right now—no delay—“if 
you delay you lose the one chance of a life¬ 
time.” He said his paper was a weekly—that 
is, he merely intended it should be a weekly 
when he was earning this $366,000 a year 
profit. His paper really began and ended 
with one issue of a “patent” sheet—one never 
Changed, always the same—which he always 
palmed off as a sample copy. 
