(Continued from page 369.) 
of a rope which runs over a pulley or sheave 
fastened high up, the other end of which is 
attached to the scantling which has the three 
cross ropes running under the l ay. If 1 had 
much bay in a large barn l would spend con¬ 
siderable money in building a trestle, if there 
was no side-lull, in order to be able to unload 
hay and grain in this, the cheapest, most ex¬ 
peditious, and common-sense way. The Van 
Sickle hay and graiu unloader uses slings and 
no forks and unloads very admirably both 
loose and bound material. The entire rig set 
up costs about $50, and when set up it re¬ 
quires skill to operate it. Too often quite a 
per cent, of the hay after unloading is found 
on the floor instead of in the mow. This 
comes from the necessity of tearing the load 
more or less to pieces as each forkful is lifted, 
and from the uncertain quantity the fork 
takes, or partly takes, at each load. If the 
hay averages short the grapple fork will be 
most satisfactory; if long, the double har¬ 
poon. It is possible, but not profitable, to do 
without a track and car. There is little 
choice between the i run and wooden track. 
Other things being equal, always purchase of 
the firm nearest you, so that repairs and in¬ 
formation can bo easily procured. All horse- 
hay fol ks, like ali mowers, work reasonably 
well; there are really now no poor ones, and 
one is perfectly safe in ordering through any 
firm that advertises in a leading, responsible 
paper such as the Ritual. 
WEEVIL-EATEN PEAS FOR SEED. 
O. C., Menomonit, TFVV. —What can I do to 
destroy the “bugs” that badly infest my peas? 
Will the peas grow, and if so, will they pro¬ 
duce a buggy crop? 
Ans, —About eight years ago the Rural 
having planted weevil-eaten peas by the side 
of sound peas, found that a large proportion oi' 
tho weevil eaten peas would not grow. Many 
that did sprout died or made feeble plants. 
The Rural, therefore, made the announce¬ 
ment that weevil-eaten peas should not be 
planted. This was the beginning of an agita¬ 
tion that subsided not until a year or so after. 
Many seedsmen declared that the Rural’s 
statement was absurd: that weevil-eaten peas 
had been planted for years by our best farm¬ 
ers and that they grow as well as sound peas. 
Subsequently, Prof. Beal of the Michigan 
Agricultural College, made careful trials, the 
results of which fully supported the Rural’s 
report. Other tests have since been made by 
the Experiment Stations to the same effect. 
Good seedsmen to-day will not sell weevil- 
eaten peas. The female deposits her eggs in 
the young pod, generally dmeetly over the 
young seed within. The grub when hatched 
eats its way into the pea and there remains 
until it changes to the complete weevil. These 
escape in the spring, or earlier, if the peas are 
brought into a warm air. There is no way to 
prevent the weevil from depositing its eggs 
in the youug pod,that has yet been discovered. 
We have tried spraying tho foliage with the 
kerosene emulsion, etc., but the eggs were 
deposited all the same. Latterly, bisul¬ 
phide of carbon lias been used to kill tho grub 
or weevil in the seed peas. As soon as the 
seed is gathered bits of cotton saturated with 
the bisulphide are distributed among the peas 
in a Closed Vessel, and this destroys the weevils. 
Still, a good deal of tho damage has been done. 
The peas look to be sound because the closed 
hole of the pea is not opened by the egress of 
the weevil, but the inside of the pea is more or 
less injured. 
REMEDIES FOR SOME INSECT PESTS. 
A. F.y Mastic, N. Y .— What has the Rural, 
by practical tests, found to be the most effi¬ 
cacious remedy for the squash borer and 
striped cucumber beetle, and for the ordinary 
cut-worm? 
Ans.—W e regret we can give no valuable 
information beyond the several so-called reme¬ 
dies that are published from time to time. 
We have tried lots of things, none of which 
have proved effective. Placing cobs of corn 
dipped in coal tar among the plants, as recom¬ 
mended by Mr. Golf, may prove serviceable 
against the Squash Vine-borer. As for the 
Striped Cucumber Beetle, spraying the plants 
with Bubach and water drives them away, but 
it does not kill them. Our plan is this.- As 
soon as melons, squashes, or cucumbers appear 
a plant protector is placed over uadi hill. 
Here we have u perfect protection. The cost 
of the protectors is the sole objection. Made 
in this way, however, the cost is trilling: Take 
four strips of wood three inches wide and ono 
or two feet long, as preferred (or according 
to the area of the hill), and nail them together, 
forming a square. Tack mosquito netting 
over this, and sot tho frame over the hill, 
pressing it into the soil somewhat, or throwing 
up the soil around it so that the beetles can 
not creep under. We use this handy and 
most serviceable contrivance to cover tender 
seedling potato plants, melons, squashes 
cucumbers, pumpkins with the greatest satis¬ 
faction. It solves the problem for ms not only 
as to the Striped Beetle, but plants so protect¬ 
ed are rarely attacked by the cut-worm, 
BUnACR POWDER. 
II. C. If., Wathcna, Kansas. —1. Is Buhach 
the best insecticide for the cabbage worm? 2. 
Where can it bo procured? 3. About how 
much of it will lie required per acre, and how- 
should it be used ? 
Ans. —It is no better than the foreign arti¬ 
cle known as Persian or Dalmatian Insect 
Powder. But the Buhach which is ground in 
California from the same plant raised there 
is cheaper and more reliable. The foreign 
powder may be bought at from 25 cents to $1 a 
pound, according to its purity. Oftentimes 
it is wot or gets damp during the voyage, in 
which ease it is absolutely worthless. There 
is nothing known which is more effective 
in destroying the cabbage-worm, etc., than 
Buhach—unless poisons are used. 2. Most 
druggists sell it, or it can be procured of the 
Buhach Producing and Manufacturing Com¬ 
pany, Ann Bt., New York. Buhach may be 
extended with Hour or it may bo wet and 
made into a paste and then diffused in water. 
A spraying bellows or force pump aud nozzle 
is then necessary. The latter is the cheaper 
and better way of using it. We should guess 
that one pound of the Buhach might sulliee 
for an acre of cabbages if a fine-spraying noz- 
le were used. 
MEASLES IN SWINE. 
C. E. G., St. Louis, Mo .—My pigs lose ap¬ 
petite; an eruption breaks out on their skin, 
especially on that of the ears which become 
ulcerated. Before death they turn of a bluish 
color. What ails them? 
ANSWERED BY COL. F. D. CURTIS. 
From the description it must be measles, 
which is a disorder hogs are subject to. The 
conditions may have made it more than us¬ 
ually virulent. Keep the hogs out of the mud 
aud wet,and give them laxative foods, such os 
wheat bran, middlings, aud linseed-oil meal at 
ihe rate of three parts of the first, two of the 
second and one of the third mixed. If they 
could be on a green sward it would also do 
them good. Tho grass would help to cool tho 
blood aud cleanse the system. Medicines can¬ 
not bo administered very well to swine. A 
thorough washing with soap-suds would re¬ 
lieve the sores, putting on ml afterwards. A 
few drops of carbolic acid, at tho rate of One 
to 20 of water, mixed and used to wet the food, 
would be good. It would act as a disinfect¬ 
ant aud antiseptic. 
INSECT PESTS. 
B. F. A., Charleston, S. C .—Every year, 
for the past three, my vegetable garden has 
been over-run with bugs. Turnips, cabbages, 
and cauliflowers have been infested with a 
small, black fly or bug, with a golden streak 
on the back. Squashes aud cucumbers, tho 
first, very much so, have been infested with a 
bug of greenish gold color, which oats into the 
stem of the squash plant and nearly cuts it.off, 
just ou the top ot the ground. I have tried 
the kerosene, pine soap and water emulsions, 
without success, and also used smiff, with tho 
same result. What is the best treatment? 
ANSWERED BY DR. C. V. RILEY. 
I would advise as a remedy for this, tho use 
of a liquid composed of soaked tobacco stems 
and soft soap, and then after the vines have 
been sprinkled with this, to dust them with 
lime. I do uot, quite make out what the green¬ 
ish-gold insect is from the description. The 
parent of the Squash-borer (JEgeria cueur- 
bitae) has rather greenish-gold wings, but it is 
the larva which bores. If B. F. A. will send 
me specimens of the insect I shall be glud to 
advise him to the best of my ability. 
TICKS ON SHEEP. 
II. C. K., Effingham, III. —Mr. Woodward, 
after trying many remedies for ticks on sheep, 
considers the following the best: Mix crude 
petroleum, or, in absence of that, kerosene, 
with lard, lard oil, or, better still, with the 
grease fried out. of pork, In the proportion of 
t wo parts of kerosene to three parts of grease. 
Apply us hot as may be without injuring the 
sheep. Have one person part the wool along 
the back of the animal and another pour In 
the mixture from the spout of an old-fasliioucd 
lamp-filler. 
Miscellaneous. 
C. M. W., Afton, N. Y .—Will cabbages, 
tomatoes, etc. r head and fruit as well if sown 
where they are to grow as if they have been 
transplanted? 
Ans.—C abbages will head just as well and 
tomatoes will fruit just as well, though the 
fruit will be later iu forming and ripening. 
A. li. C. S., Newark , N. ./.—A report from 
the committee appointed tvyo years ago to 
offer prizes for the best egg preservative, has 
been promised us. It will_appear in due time. 
II. C.B., Genesee, Idaho— For seeds from 
the Agricultural Department apply to the 
Delegate from your Territory, or to Norman 
J. Colman, Commissioner of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 
./. L. S., Washington, N. ./.—The eggs of the 
Patagonian fowls mentioned in a recent 
Rural, were obtained from Sam’l Wilson, 
Mechnnicsville, Pa. 
M. Oakville, N. Y.— Dr. C. V. Riley’s 
address is the Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 
DISCUSSION. 
TAXING OLEOMARGARINE. 
J. E. S.. New Youk. Though the writer has 
never had nor wishes to have the slightest pe¬ 
cuniary interest in the manufacture and sale 
of oleomargarine, he is opposed to a tax on it 
because. 1, the tax does not make the article 
one whit more wholesome, but on tho con¬ 
trary, tends to cause poorer material to be 
used; 2, it does not make its sale as butter in the 
slightest degree more difficult; 3, the country 
would lie better off without this tax added to 
a surplus iu tho U. S. Treasury, already too 
large; 4 and most important, it is utterly 
contrary to the fundamental principles of our 
government. If “oleo” is uuwholesome, it 
should he totally suppressed—not taxed. If 
wholesome, it should not be taxed, but sold 
for just what it is, tho same as everything 
else should be. All manner of deception iu 
trade, including the coloring of butter aud 
cheese, should be punished, but the handicap¬ 
ping of auything whatever simply because it 
is a competitor, is wholly unjustifiable. The 
coloring of butter and cheese is just as much 
a fraud us the coloring of “oleo” aud it pro¬ 
ceeds from the same mercenary motive. If 
the chemist could discover some method of 
exracting a wholsome, palatable and accept¬ 
able fat from grass or hay without the inter¬ 
vention of any animal, so that it could lie sold 
for five cents a pound, it would be his inaliena¬ 
ble and constitutional right to do 60 , aud our 
law makers would have no more right to inter¬ 
fere with such new industry t.hau they would 
have to tax agricultural implements because 
they compete with baud labor, Tho two 
decisions of the Court of Appeals of the State of 
New York are sensible aud just; but Congress 
has no right to meddle with “oleo” at all. In 
his last annual message President Cleveland 
argued at some length that the powers of tho 
U. S. Government were bounded by what the 
States had delegated to it. This is in exact 
accord with the Constitution itself (see Article 
10, Amendment). The Constitution gives 
Congress the power to “regulate commerce 
among the several Btafcos,” but the latter have 
never delegated the right to control the man¬ 
ufacture or sale of any article whatsoever 
within any State. If they had done so, then 
the States themselves could not rightfully ex¬ 
ercise such power. Is “olej” unwholesome? 
Competent chemists say that it is practically 
identical with butter. At all eveuts, there is 
no evidence that its use has proved injurious 
to health, while, ou the other hand, it has been 
scientifically determined that, unadulterated 
milk does, by certain improper management, 
become a dangerous poison. But this is no 
reason why it should be taxed. It simply de¬ 
mands State supervision, the same as all other 
food. No one thinks of taxing poor kerosene 
because it is dangerous, nor a good article lie- 
cause it competes with the tallow candle, uni¬ 
corn meal because it is used to adulterate 
giuger. Again, farmers generally eat a great 
deal of animal fat, particularly of the hog, 
and call it good, and then they want the law 
to step in and forcibly prevent others from 
using the same fats in a better form, in order 
that they may get more for the butter which 
they, to some extent, deny themselves and 
their children. When the dairyman will stop 
coloring butter aud cheese, will eat his own 
butter instead of hog fat aud put into his own 
stomach his bob veal instead of sending it to 
tho city, then, and uot till then, can he con¬ 
sistently criticise oleomargarine. 
R. N.-Y.—The tight was made against oleo 
margarine, because, as it was sold and hand¬ 
led, it was a fraud. Though tons of it were 
sold in this city ft was next to impossible to 
And any of it marked with its true name. 
Though called by its friends a “poor man’s 
food” aud a “cheap substitute for butter,” but 
little effort, was made to put the price down 
as close to its cost us dairymen are compelled 
to sell their butter. Every effort was made 
to imitate butter, aud to sell, for butter prices, 
cheaper and inferior tats. By taxing “oleo,” 
tho farmers proposed to find out how much of 
the stuff is made. Before the tax this w as im¬ 
possible. In a business that presents such re¬ 
markable temptations to dishonest men to use 
cheap or unsuitable fats, it was considered 
just that the Government should have full 
power to investigate every detail of the manu¬ 
facturing process. If the manufacturers pro¬ 
pose iu the future, ns in the past, to sell their 
stuff at butter prices, the tax will be no bur¬ 
den to them, for, upon their own confession, 
they can make tho substitute cheaper than 
farmers can make butter. Indeed, there is a 
grim justice in now compelling these manu¬ 
facturers to pay back a portion of the money 
which they confess to have filched from their 
customers. If our friend considers President 
Cleveland such good authority on constitu¬ 
tional law, he must remember that, the Presi¬ 
dent sigued the lull calling for this very tax. 
Tt is true that a certain class of farmers eat 
pork fat and sell their butter. Many of them 
prefer their pork fat, to the best oleomargarine, 
because they know where the first, comes from 
and have no idea as to the origin of the latter. 
To accuse the farmers as a class of living upon 
hog-fat, and making a studious effort to press 
“bob” veal upon tbier city cousins, in short, to 
accuse the 106 ol’ the crime of the one, is too 
absurd to require notice. If the “oleo” men 
think the national law relating to oleo un¬ 
constitutional, they can test its constitution¬ 
ality in the ordinary way—by a suit before 
the United States Supremo Court, The law 
has now been in force three months, but we 
have not yet hoard of any intention on their 
part to take this means of testing the matter. 
In spite of the well-put views of our oorrespond- 
deut, there is no doubt in our mind as to the 
constitutionality of the law. 
E. S. H., Hammonton, N. S.— Tho Rural 
for May 7 contains an illustration of the meth¬ 
ods employed to heat my brooder house. The 
illustration is admirable in every way, but the 
writer neglected to say that the system is a 
patented ono. It is the invention of Mjr. E. 
S. Packard, of this place, and was patented 
November 2, 1886. The patent covers the 
mode of heating aud ventilating the brood¬ 
ers. I write this that those who read the arti¬ 
cle may not, without knowledge, use a patent¬ 
ed article. I may add that the device has giv¬ 
en me complete satisfaction in every way. 
Milk of Farrow Cows.—A correspond- 
end of the Rural New-Yorker, says Hoard’s 
Dairyman, asks that paper whether it is best 
to have cows “come in" every year or once in 
two years. The Rural replies by advising 
yearly calving, aud adds: “Good butter can¬ 
not be made from farrow cows.” The editor 
of the Dairyman thinks the Rural is in error 
as regards this last statement. He has seen 
fine butter made from the milk oi farrow cows. 
The milk of “strippers,” however, especially 
after six months of gestation, will not make 
fine butter. This is due to the processes of 
gestation, whereby all of those liner oils that 
aid iu producing flavor aud arc taken up in 
digestion for the support of the nervous sys¬ 
tem, are absorbed iu fo#tal growth, leaving 
the butter tallowy and devoid ot flavor aud of 
no more use in digestion than so much eaul 
fat. As none of these influences are at work 
in the farrow cow, her milk will make good 
butter if she is well fed. 
Buffalo’s Malting Industry. —The de¬ 
velopment of malt manufacturing iu Buffalo 
makes that city the center of that industry 
for the United States. About7,000,006 bushels 
of malt are made yearly iu that city, accord¬ 
ing to tho Courier, chiefly from Canadian 
barley, it is thought probable, indeed, that 
in actual product Buffalo exceeds any other 
city in the world iu this direction. The total 
product is valued at $0,566,060, of which 
$1,5(H),660 worth is used at home and the 
remainder is shipped to other points. 
Southern Prosperity.— According to tho 
correspondent of the Chicago Times, Secretary 
Lamar says that the apparent prosperity in 
tho South, over which such a.noise has been 
made, exists mainly in certain cities aud in 
their immediate vicinity, and that the agri¬ 
cultural suctions are no better off. He adds 
that Charleston, New Orleans, Savannah, aud 
Mobile have shown very little progress in 
population, while Atlanta, Chattanooga, Bir¬ 
mingham, aud other cities have gained won¬ 
derfully. Crops have lieon large, but prices 
correspondingly low. In connection with this, 
tho Wilmington, N. C., Star recently pro¬ 
tested against the numerous glowiug accounts 
which have been published of late regarding 
Southern prosperity, and it denounced the “so- 
called industrial journals” which are loudest 
in their praise of the great progress being 
made. 
It is generally thought that next winter 
will bo marked by such au alliauca amoug all 
those interested in various ways iu, the wool 
iudustry as will probably secure a material 
