mill is on a tovypr 55 feet high. The wheel is 
12 feet and the mill stands 88 feet from and 16 
feet above the lake. The suction pipe is 
inch in diameter and the water is forced 
through one-inch pipes 550 feet in length to a 
reservoir elevated 28 feet above the pump. 
This mill pumps with a very slight wind, and 
has a capacity of about 1,500 gallons every 10 
hours of good wind—say one blowing at the 
rate of from 10 to 13 miles an hour. 
I have also a Winger iron feed mill connect¬ 
ed with the mill, which works from a straight 
pitman and triangle. It works slowly, grind¬ 
ing about two bushels every three hours. The 
mill grinds and pumps at the same time, or it 
can be so arranged os to do only one kind of 
work at a time. It certainly does better work 
on oats or barley for feed than any mill I ever 
saw. Fill the hopper and go about your 
work: it will grind and pump when you are 
asleep. The expense of it for eight years has 
been the price of about four ounces of castor 
oil once in three weeks, and not more than 25 
cents besides. 
I bought it on a warranty for one year, all 
ready for the pipe—I buying the pipe—wind¬ 
mill, derrick and grinding mill for ? 133—the 
company to lay and connect the pipe after the 
ditch was dug. 
I grind on an average about 200 bushels of 
coru, oats and barley each year, and could 
grind more if desired. I have ground six 
bushels of corn into Hue meal fit for table use 
from 7 a. M. to 5 p. m. I think it a very econo¬ 
mical way of obtaining water and a great sav¬ 
ing in the way of feed, as I consider about 
one eighth part is saved in ground against 
whole feed. With me there is a gain of at 
least 20 per cent, upon the investment. 
I have no experience with geared mills, but 
were I to purchase another I certainly should 
put in a geared 14-foot mill. I am convinced 
a good geared mill is a thing of great econ¬ 
omy, and one no fanner raising and feeding 
stock can afford to do without. To a geared 
mill can be attached churn, grindstone, feed 
mill, wood saw, otc., etc. T must confess that 
I could not afford to do without a windmill. 
Mills are very much cheaper now than when I 
bought. I could duplicate this for about $60. 
I have the best anti-freezing wind-mill force 
pump, with a three-inch brass cylinder and 
three-way cock. u. a. whittkmore. 
Chautauqua Co., N. Y. 
ing power at a nominal cost, but in most loca¬ 
lities the windmill is considered the most prac¬ 
tical arrangement. 
The first thing that strikes the Eastern 
farmer when traveling through the West is 
the fact that every farm of any size possesses 
one or more windmills. The importance of 
the live-stock interests at the West, aud the 
lack of springs and running streams have 
forced the Western farmer to pay particular 
attention to the means for providing a con¬ 
stant water supply. By means of suitable 
gearing these mills are often utilized for grind¬ 
ing feed, sawing wood, working feed cutters, 
and performing other farm operations. The 
water supply is generally more constant at 
the East, particularly in New England. Fewer 
head of stock are kept, and springs and streams 
are more abundant. It is for his small fruits 
and vegetables that the Eastern farmer needs 
a constant water supply. He can learn useful 
lessons by studying the methods employed at 
the West for raising water for stock. 
Many gardeners do not realize what an im¬ 
mense quantity of water is required to irrigate 
an acre in a dry time. Take a small flower 
bed as an experiment. Bucket after bucket of 
water can be poured on to it and still the soil 
demands more. Mr. J. M. Smith of Wiscon¬ 
sin has for some years practiced partial irri¬ 
gation. He states that 30,000 gallons of water 
are required to water an acre of cabbage fair¬ 
ly well, and that this must he repeated at least 
once a week. Strawberries require more water 
than cabbages and must have it oftener. Un¬ 
less one can soak the ground thoroughly, irri¬ 
gation will do hut little good. Sprinkling or 
half-watering, Mr. Smith states, formed a 
thin, hard crust both air and water-tight. 
Mr. Smith has erected water-works which 
cost $1,000. He has no doubt they have paid 
for themselves in a single season. He states 
that however well conducted, no system of ar¬ 
tificial watering is equal to rain from the 
clouds. As a help in a very dry time, the 
water tank is very valuable. 
these, the Chrysopa and hymenopterous 
sites destroy large numbers. Of course, 
insects should be cherished as our fr 
of mill feed. To secure the best digestion of 
this food, the hay should be cut and wetted 
slightly and mixed with the other feed finely 
ground. Linseed oil cake meal (new-process) 
is highly albuminous, containing;^.8 percent, 
of digestible albuminoids, and must therefore 
be fed with caution. Three to five pounds 
per day maybe given safely. If the meal is 
old-process it contains 10 percent, of fat or oil 
which is healthful in Its action upon the ani¬ 
mal, and by a proper mixture with corn and 
oatmeal five to eight pounds per day may be 
given with advantage. At the price men¬ 
tioned, coru meal is the better and cheaper 
feed for cows kept for their yield of cream. It 
usually pays to feed good cows as much as 
eight pounds of corn meal daily, with some 
wetted cut grass or hay, while on pasture. 
At $2.25 per cwt., linseed oil cake meal, is 
equivalent to $1,12 per bushel for corn meal 
by weight and 80 cents per bushel by quantity: 
so there is a very great economy in using corn 
meal at 25 cents per bushel. 
THE WOOD ON WHICH FRUITS BEAR. 
F. E. S., Canon City, Col .—Am I right in 
holding that apple, pear, peach, apricot, cherry 
plum, quince, erab-apple,and fig trees, and cur¬ 
rants, raspberries (black caps aud red) gooseber¬ 
ries, dewberries, and blackberries bear fruit 
on wood of last year's growth, and of last 
year’sgrowth alone, while grapes bear on wood 
of this year’s growth, but proceeding from 
last year’s wood i 
Ans.—T he apple, pear, peach, apricot, 
cherry, plum and crab, form fruit, aud leaf or 
wood buds only upon wood of the current 
year’s growth No buds, having once pro¬ 
duced either foliage or bloom, will repeat the 
process in a subsequent year, except upon an 
elongation, and from a newly formed bud. 
The failure to thus elongate insures the death 
of the spur within the year. This statement 
is practically true of the currant aud goose¬ 
berry. The quince bears its fruit upon a 
shoot of the current year, often of -considera¬ 
ble length, springing from a bud formed the 
previous year; and the fruit usually takes the 
place of a terminal bud. Such shoots may or 
may not become the basis of subsequent and 
permanent growth. Wo are not sufficiently 
familiar with the fig to speak respecting its 
fruit-hearing habit. Both classes of raspber¬ 
ries, together with blackberries and dew ber¬ 
ries bear their fruit upon shoots, often of con¬ 
siderable length, the growth of the current 
year, springing from the shoots of the previ¬ 
ous year. Many varieties, by cutting back 
severely, may be forced to produce a late or 
autumnal crop of fruit. It is| the habit of 
certain varieties to do this spontaneously. 
The habit of the grape is, as stated, to fruit 
upon wood of the current year growing from 
a last year’s growth. 
CEMENT MORTAR, ETC. 
J. H. S., Afiddlebury, Ohio .—What is the 
composition of cement mortar? How should 
a cellar wall be built with it and cobble¬ 
stones? 
Ans.—Cement mortar is made of one part 
of hydraulic cement and three parts of sand. 
These should be mixed dry and a small quan¬ 
tity only wetted up at once,aud no more than 
can be used and spread before it sets hard, 
which it does in a few hours. For a fouu- 
datiou wall it is not necessary to use nil ce¬ 
ment which is expensive; one-half common 
lime may bo mixed with the hydraulic cement 
and make a mortar as hard as a stone. The 
stone wall should be laid first in a treucb 18 
inches deep for a foundation, aud it is advis¬ 
able to make this a foot wider than the wall. 
If a building is put on the wall, the wall should 
be IS inches thick at the bottom and gradually 
taper on the outside to 12 inches at the top, 
where the sill of the building rests. If the 
soil is sandy or loose, and it is desired to 
strengthen the wall, a buttress or offset on the 
inside may be made a foot in thickness every 
12 feet, and the main cross-beams may rest on 
these supports. To build the wall proceed as 
follows:—Lay a row of stones In the founda¬ 
tion trench aud bed them in the cement, then 
lay the outside rows and cement them well 
and fill the center of the wall with the soft 
cement aud bed small stones in it as firmly as 
possible, smoothing off the cement over the 
stones, ami so proceed to the too. When it can 
be done, lay flat stones completely across the 
wall to bind the work, and work up the cor¬ 
ners with the largest stones dressed to shape 
to make a good bond. A wall so built and of 
the size mentioned will bear any load that can 
be put ou to it. 
The artificial remedies are, first, to avoid 
raising hops on the same ground year after 
year, and then if the lice appear, they should 
be treated with strong soap-suds or kerosene 
emulsion. The emulsion may be prepared by 
taking one quart of kerosene to two quarts of 
soft soap and one quart of water, and briskly 
agitating the mixture. This is best done with 
a force pump by violently pumping the whole 
back In the dish which holds it, until a thor¬ 
ough emulsion is obtained; then add 13 quarts 
of water and the emulsion is ready for use. 
If common soft soap is used, it should be 
thoroughly dissolved in water in the propor¬ 
tion of one part of soap to five of water. If 
whale oil soap is used, dissolve one-half pouud 
of the soap in four gallons of water. The 
above substances should be sprayed ou the 
under side of the leaves where the lice are 
mostly found. The application can best be 
made by means of a small force pump and 
cyclone nozzle. The implements I would 
recommend are the Field pump and the Nixon 
atomizer. The vines should be closely 
watched aud the application be made as soon 
as the young lice appear. I have found by re¬ 
peated experiments that plant lice in general 
are much more easily destroyed when quite 
young than when fully grown. 
Ag’l Col., Lansing, Mich. c. p. Gillette. 
AIR-SLAKED LIME AND CARBOLIC ACID FOR 
INSECT PESTS. 
I nAVE been using air-slaked lime and car¬ 
bolic acid to keep my hen nests clear of lice 
with eutire success. For gapes iu chicks all 
that is uecessary is to place the affected birds 
in a close box, cover it with a piece of coarse 
cloth and sift some of the preparation through 
the cloth and the work is done. 
Dost currant and rose bushes with the pre¬ 
paration aud the worms disappear. The cab¬ 
bage flea aud the striped cucumber beetle do 
not stand on ceremony, but leave instanter 
when the plants are dusted. 
To a half-peck of air slaked lime I take 
about a teaspoouful of the liquid acid, mix 
thoroughly and use as required. 
J. w. alkwink. 
THE HOP PLANT LOUSE. 
(Aphis htimnll.) 
IRRIGATION NOTES. 
Of all the plants that suffer from the rav¬ 
ages of plautrlice probably none sustains 
greater injury than the hop. The Hop Aphis 
is an importation from Europe, where it is as 
serious a pest to the vine as in this country. 
This louse, which is often called the “Hop- 
fly,” on account of its having wings, damages 
the plant in a twofold manner. It inserts its 
little beak into the substance of the leaves and 
extracts their sap and the vine is seriously 
weakened if the pests are present in large num¬ 
bers. This insect is also the cause of the much- 
dreaded “honey-dew” aud “black blight.” In 
common with all the aphides, the Hop Louse 
secretes from Its body a sweet nectar which 
falls upon the foliage beneath and is the so- 
called “honey-dew.” This secretion often ac¬ 
cumulates in large quantities and then turns 
to a sooty black color and is known as the 
“black blight.” The little lice are at the bot¬ 
tom of all the trouble arising from both of 
these causes, and it is against thorn that all ef¬ 
fectual remedies must directed. 
The full-grown lice are green in color and 
most of them are winged during the entire 
season. The breast and back of the thorax 
are black, and there is a row of black dots ex¬ 
tending along either side of the body. Small 
black lines also extend across the body between 
the rows of black dots. The autennse are 
nearly as long as the body and near the tip of 
the abdomen are two little nectar tubes. The 
subjoined cut of the Apple Plant Louse, Fig. 
228 , answers every purpose os an illustration. 
Every year the question of irrigation 
comes to the front more and more. Garden¬ 
ers about us know very well that if they could 
control a water supply in a dry time they 
could add from 25 to .50 per ceut. to the value 
of their crops. For one season where there is 
too much rain there are 10 where there is not 
enough. We cannot make it rain, but if wo 
eau have a fair supply of water above 
ground, with a hose we can reach plants with¬ 
in 200 yards of the water and add greatly to 
their value. Any gardener within reasonable 
distance of a pond, stream or spring ought to 
he able to hold a tankful of water in readiness 
at any time for his plants. We have fre¬ 
quently seeu acres of tomatoes, cabbage and 
other vegetables perishing for lack of water 
while 15 feet below them sparkled a never- 
failing spring and brook. That water raised 
into a tank would have abundantly sup. 
plied the needed soaking. 
W hen Horace Greeley was so enthusiastic iu 
his plaus for peopling the Colorado deserts 
with Eastern home-seekers, ho claimed that 
one windmill would raise water enough to 
irrigate SO acres of land. Experience has 
fully proven this statement to bo absurd. It 
would be a powerful windmill that could 
raise the water needed on t wo acres. Such a 
thiug as depending upon a win imill for a 
total water supply is out of the question. 
The idea of raising a partial water supply to 
be used on small areas in ease of severe 
drought, is not only practical hut valuable. 
There are many garden spots near streams 
and springs where a good windmill or other 
pumping engine would pay for itself iu two 
years—not by providing a full water supply, 
but by raisiug water just when it is needed. 
At several points along the Atlantic the 
action of the waves is employed for pumping 
purposes. Two strong posts are driven into 
[Kvrry query mast no accompanied bv the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attomIon. Before 
usldiiK n question, please ms- If It Is not answered In 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few questions at 
one time. But questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
FEED FOR WORKING HORSES AND MILCH COWS. 
O. H. IF., St. Joseph, Kans. —1. What 
amount of oil cake or linseed meal should be 
mixed with oats, corn and mill-feed (wheat 
shorts and bran, equal parts) for a team 
weighing about 1,200 pounds each, which has 
to do a large amount of farm work: cost of 
feed—oil cake, $2.25 per cwt; oats aud corn, 
25 cents per bushel ; mill-feed 60 cents per cwt. 
2. How much oil cake eau be safely fed each 
day to a hard-working horse? 3. Will it pay 
to feed oil cake to cows giving milk, when the 
cake costs $2.26 per cwt., or would coru meal 
at 25 cents per bushel be better? 
ANSWERED BY HENRY STEWART. 
The amount of food required by a working 
horse must tie adapted to the work performed. 
Food is required to sustain life first, and then 
to repair the waste of the muscular system 
caused by the work. To sustain the vital 
action and force a horse of 1,200 pouuds re¬ 
quires about 25 pounds of hay per day. If the 
animal is working I urd there should be added 
to this a certain quantity of grain food, easily 
digestible and containing a sufficient amount 
of albuminous matter to repair the waste of 
the muscles, and enough starch or other car¬ 
bonaceous matter to sustain the accelerated 
respiration produced by the work. A great 
many experiments and practical experience 
have shown that a 1,200-pound horse worked 
to his full capacity, will need at least 20 
pounds of digestible matter consisting of 16 
pounds.of carbonaceous matter and four pounds 
of albuminous matter. As about three-fifths 
of the food consumed is digested, the whole 
quantity given should be about 27 pouuds in 
all, of which 40 per cent, should be hay of the 
REMEDIES. 
The larvoe of the Lady Beetle are always 
present where these lice are found and de¬ 
stroy them iu large numbers. Fig. 229 repre¬ 
sents two of our common Lady Beetles. 
Next to the Lady Beetle in importance os 
plant-louse destroyers are the larva? of the 
Hyrpbus Flies, Fig. 230. These little maggots, 
pointed at one end, are very common among 
the lice and the number that a maggot will 
destroy in a single day is astonishing. Besides 
Miscellaneous. 
F. C. Me., Beech Grove, Ind .—My two-year- 
old English^ draft ‘filly,is 16 hands (highland 
