Pomologkxil. 
HOW TO TRAIN PEACH AND OTHER 
TENDER TREES SO THEY MAY BE 
PROTECTED IN WINTER. 
Mv method of training peach trees is shown 
at Fig. 227, where a is the horizontal trunk, 
d a support to keep the trunk off the ground, 
and e a stake to which the upright trunk is 
fastened. To train a tree, procure one not 
Fig. 227. 
more than a year old, or one just budded 
would be better; plant it where you wish it 
to staud, and allow it to grow straight up. It 
must be looked to as often as once a week, and 
all branches must be broken off as soon as 
they are long enough to be taken hold of with 
thumb and finger; but be careful not to break 
off the leaves of the main trunk. About a 
month before frost is expected, stop breaking 
off the brauches. The tree will put out a few 
short branches, but the main trunk will be 
checked in it-s growth and ripen its wood suffi- 
cieutly to endure the winter. About the time 
of the first hard frost, carefully bend the 
trunk to the ground, and fasten it there by a 
hooked stick driven into the earth near the 
root, as at b. When winter has fairly set in, 
place a few evergreen boughs or straw over 
the whole length of the tree, with some light 
sticks on the covering to keep it from being 
blowu off. In the spring, when the frost is 
out of the ground, remove the covering and 
the stick that holds the tree down, and allow 
the latter to resume its upright, position. 
After it has started to grow, cut off the 
branches, leaving but one bud to grow, and 
treat it in the same way as during the previous 
season. By fall the trunk will be from six to 
ten feet high, long enough for a first trial; 
bend it to the ground and cover. 
In the spring when you remove the covering 
leave the tree down and allow only oue bud to 
grow. This will push straight up aud send 
out branches, only a few of which should be 
allowed to grow, and they should be traiued 
fan-shaped, parallel with the horizontal trunk. 
Be sure to have a stout stake driven into the 
ground to fasten the upright trunk to. Other 
stakes may be driven along the side of the 
fau to fasten the brauches to as needed. In 
the fall loosen the head of the tree from all its 
stakes, and after placing straw or other ma¬ 
terial on the ground to keep the twigs off the 
soil, bring the head down sideways to the 
ground and fasten it there; then put on the 
covering. The horizontal trunk can, without 
injury, be easily twisted sufficiently to allow 
the head to lie on the ground, and this can be 
done for a good muuy years, for this horizon¬ 
tal trunk does not increase in siz.e nearly so 
fast as the upright trunk does. 
The trees will begin to bear the next year 
after the head is first formed. There are 
three things that arc very important to insure 
success. First the protection of the horizontal 
trunk from the direct rays of the sun, else the 
bark will be killed all along the top. I lost 
some trees this way. 
1 tiud t he neatest way is toswathe the trunk 
in straw. Take a handful of rye straw and 
with a twine string fasten it to the trunk, be¬ 
ginning at the root, and tie the twine around 
at intervals aloug the whole length; the up¬ 
per side only need be covered. The covering 
should lie left on the whole year. Second: 
be sure that no water can staud around any 
part of the tree at auy time during winter. 
Third: keep the ground perfectly clean from 
weeds for a good way away from the tree, 
and mice will uot be likely to trouble it iu 
winter, as experience proves that they do not 
run far on ground that Is clear of gross or 
weeds. 
Oue caution about coveriug—do not cover 
too early and do uot put on much cover¬ 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
ing. Last winter I covered some of miue 
too thickly with evergreens, and the 
snow drifted in and made a deep drift; this 
would have been all right if there had been no 
thaws during winter, but there were several, 
and the snow was partially melted and becom¬ 
ing compacted turned to ice which completely 
eucased the twigs, and some of the trees were 
thus killed. Others that were but lightly 
covered came out all right and are now, May 
18, in bloom: still others that were bent down 
aud held with light pieces of wood and not 
covered at all are now in bloom. In future I 
think I shall cover with pieces of board. 
This will probably be sufficient and much less 
work than cutting evergreens in the fall and 
then clearing them away in spring. 
There arc many localities at the North 
where the climate is too severe to allow the 
raising of any of the better sorts of stone 
fruits in the ordinary way, but by training the 
trees in this manner a good supply may be 
had for the family, or for market if auy one 
should choose to plant largely. This method, 
as seen on paper may appear to require a 
good deal of work, but wheu the trees once 
get into bearing you will find, as I do, that it 
is considerably less work to put down and 
cover a tree than it is to prune and cover a 
grape-vine, and who would be without grapes 
on accouut of the trouble of covering the 
the vines in any place where they will ripen? 
One more caution—be careful to choose 
such sorts as will ripen before the first frosts. 
Chittenden Co., Vt. j. T. macomber. 
The Cob and Molasses Remedy for the 
Plum Curculio is an old oue,that appears iu 
some of the papers nearly every year, and, 
like hundreds of other so-called remedies, 
continues to find enthusiastic advocates who 
report wonderful success with it. It has been 
repeatedly and thoroughly tried at the Michi¬ 
gan Agricultural College without doing the 
least good. Although the cobs may be found 
full of insect life in the fall, that is no evi¬ 
dence whatever that the curculio in any stage 
of development is there. The little larvae or 
grubs of the curculio become full-grown and 
enter the ground before the fall months come 
on,aud there remain until the following May, 
when they come forth ugain as little grayish 
beetles. The curculio is in no way a sweet- 
loving insect aud could no more be reared on 
molasses and corn-cobs thuu a child could be 
reared on green plums. The only sure reme¬ 
dy known is that of jarring the trees aud 
catching the beetles on sheets aud destroying 
them. This work should be begun soon after 
the flowers fall, aud be repeated as often as 
two or three curculios cau be taken at a 
time aud kept up uutil they all disappear. 
Lansing, Mich. c. p. a. 
Small Fruit Notes.— The winter has 
damaged many varieties of grapes. Cuthbert 
Raspberries were killed nearly to the ground. 
Marlboros are but little better. Hansell was 
killed one-third back. I think the Turner is 
sound. Blackcaps also suffered, but it is hard 
for me to distinguish between blight and wid- 
ter-killiug. At any rate, Gregg, Nemaha, 
Souhegan and Shaffer are all hurt, the Gregg 
the most. The Snyder Blackberries seemed 
to be hurt iu some places here—for the first 
time, so far as I am aware, on high laud. 
This is strange, as apple, pe<uch und pear trees 
were much more injured iu 1884-.->. The 
Evergreen Blackberry is agaiu killed back— 
not worth plunting here. The same is the 
case with Pruuus Pissardii. The Shannon Ap¬ 
ple is very teuder. b. b. 
Farmingdale, Ills. 
3 nti ust’ l Societies. 
SOCIETY NOTES. 
For several years the Grange has appointed 
“Children’s Day” regularly. On this day a 
picnic or other meeting is held and the chil¬ 
dren take the places of older people. They 
prepare the programme, sit first at the table 
and generally conduct themselves as they 
thiuk old folks should. The plan has worked 
well iu most instances. The idea is to en¬ 
courage dignity and responsibility iu the 
children. 
Mr. Powderly's advice to the Knights of 
Labor to parade on the Fourth of July and to 
carry no flag but the Stars and Stripes will 
commend itself to every American citizen. 
The Fourth of July celebration should be kept 
up. Too many farmers want to keep at work 
and to keep the boys at work too. This is not 
a paying business. 
In the report of the American Horticultural 
Society for 1888 is an article on “The Unifica¬ 
tion of Horticultural Societies.” It is pro¬ 
posed to form a National horticultural society 
with auxiliary brauches devoted fo.pomulogy, 
forestry, landscape gardening, vegetable gar¬ 
dening, the nursery, etc., etc., each to work 
in unison with the head and as part of the 
great central system. While this plan meets 
with much favor, there is considerable oppo¬ 
sition manifested, principally by the friends 
of the American Pomologies! Society. The 
members of the latter association seem to feel 
that its age and honorable record should en¬ 
title it to more consideration than it receives 
at the hands of the American Horticultural 
Society. 
The Columbus Horticultural Society held a 
“strawberry meeting” last week. The berry 
was treated from almost every point of view. 
Here is the programme; “From a Botanical 
Standpoint,” “From a Culinary Standpoint,” 
“From an Originator’s Standpoint,” "From 
an Entomologist’s Standpoint,” “From a 
Literary Standpoint,” “From a Chemical 
Standpoint,” and “From an Experimenter’s 
Standpoint.” This plan of selecting one fruit 
and treating it from all sides is an admirable 
one. 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment 
Station. —The Seventh Annual Report of this 
institution is sent us from Prof. G. H. Cook, 
New Brunswick. N. J. It is the best of the 
series. Of the 200 pages in the volume, 114 are 
devoted to the fertilizer problem. The com¬ 
mercial and agricultural relations of fertiliz¬ 
ers are discussed at length. Five sets of field 
experiments were conducted and are here faith¬ 
fully reported. A good deal of space is giveu 
up to a report of the sorghum experiments 
which have been conducted at Rio Grande, N. 
J. Facts regarding fodder and feeds have 
been brought out during the past few years, 
which every New Jersey fanner should inves¬ 
tigate. There is not a farmer in the State 
who cannot learn something about his business 
by reading this report. 
American Horticultural Society.— Re¬ 
port of the Seventh Annual Meeting, held at 
Cleveland, Ohio. September 7-10,1880. From 
SecretaryW.H. Reagan, Greencastle, Indiana. 
This volume contains the papers read at this 
meeting and the discussions which, followed 
them. These 230 pages contain a vast amount 
of practical information. Some of the bright¬ 
est minds in American horticulture have eo"- 
tributed to this volume. The topics are all 
timely and well treated. Every part of the 
country Is represented. The volume makes a 
standard horticultural work and should be 
read by all gardeners and fruit men. 
Water For Farm Purposes.— Catalogue 
from Smith & Woodward, Kalamazoo, Mich. 
—This firm supply the Eureka Windmill, 
which was awarded the gold medal at the 
New Orleans Exposition in 18S5. This mill 
has an excellent reputation wherever it has 
been tried. Every part of it is described and 
illustrated so fully in this catalogue that one 
can readily understand the points of superior¬ 
ity claimed for it The pamphlet also con¬ 
tains some excellent advice to those who wish 
to provide their farms with a sure water sup¬ 
ply- 
Iowa Botany. —Bulletiu from the Botani¬ 
cal Department of the Iowa Agricultural 
College, Byron D. Halstead, Professor of Bot¬ 
any. The course in Botany at Ames is an 
excellent one. It resembles that at Lansing, 
Michigan, iu the fact it is extremely practi¬ 
cal. The student is taken out into the woods 
and fields and taught to study his lesson from 
a twig or a leuf before he looks into a text¬ 
book. Much of the matter in this pamphlet 
was prepared by the students as a part of then- 
regular botanical work. 
M innesot a U ortic u ltu re, —Rexport of the 
Miuuesota State Horticultural Society for 
1S87. This volume of 480 pages contains the 
transactions of the society from March, 1886 
to March, I8s7, the proceedings of the Minne¬ 
sota Amber Cane Association, essays, etc. 
This is one of the ablest reports of the year. 
It is impossible to do full justice to it in this 
short notice. A large edition ought to be 
printed aud a copy placed iu the hands of 
every fruit lover iu the State. 
Buckeye Machines.— Circular from Ault- 
man, Miller & Co., Akron, Ohio, concerning 
the business done in foreigu countries with 
these machines. It appears that in South 
America, Australia, aud New Zealaud the 
Buckeye is ahead of other machines in public 
favor. This is doubtless due to the fact that 
at the various field trials, the Buckeye has 
come iu ahead almost, invariably. 
Sheep and Lambs For Market.— This ex¬ 
cellent pamphlet of 23 pages is reprinted from 
the report of the Connecticut Board of Agri¬ 
culture. It is a familiar talk by John E. 
Russell former secretary of the Massachusetts 
Board of Agriculture. It is a.very sound^and 
Pisrsllattmts 
TUSSAH SILKS 
Exclusively controlled by 
JAMES McCREERY & CO. 
One of the most appropri¬ 
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for Summer wear. The 
last 200 pieces w ill be dis¬ 
posed of by them between 
now and their July stock¬ 
taking at a marked reduc¬ 
tion in prices. In conjunc¬ 
tion with the above, there 
will also be sold several 
lots of Summer Silks, Fou¬ 
lard, and Fancy Silks and 
Tel vets. Samples sent on 
application, 
ORDERS BY MAIL 
from any part of the coun¬ 
try will receive careful 
and prompt attention. 
JAMES IcGBEERY & C0„ 
Broadway and 11th St., 
Kew York. 
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proclaim it the very Best washingmaelilneyet Invent¬ 
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Germantown, Md. 
UCKEYE 
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sensible talk and every farmer in the country 
can read it with advantage to himself. It is 
sent free by T. W. Lawford & Co., Baltimore 
Md. Send for it. 
The Armstrong Engine.— Circular from 
Armstrong Bros. Springfield, Ohio. This is 
claimed, in the circular, to be the best verti¬ 
cal engine and boiler made. The reasons why 
this claim js made are set forth in the circu¬ 
lar with force and clearness. Some strong 
testimonials are given from those who have 
used these engines. Send for the circular aud 
look it over. 
Improved Stock Breeders' Association 
ok Iowa. —Proceedings of the 13th annual 
meeting. From F. B. Stacy', Griunell, Iowa. 
—This association is noted for its enterprise. 
Its meetings are always well attended aud the 
members are sure to hear something of value. 
Those who read this volume will be well re¬ 
paid for their pains. 
Gall Powders. —Circular from Moore 
Bros., Albany, N. Y.—These powders are to 
be used on collar or saddle galls on horses. 
They heal such sores quickly and well. There 
are many testimonials from those who have 
used them. A horse with sore shoulders is a 
very unprofitable animal. 
Experiments in the Manufacture of 
Sugar. —Pamphlet from the Department of 
Agriculture. These experiments were made 
at Magnolia ^Station, La., and are valuable 
chieflyJto .those'eugaged.iu the sugar.business 
