Woman’s Work. 
CONDUCTED BY EMILY LOUISE TAPLIN. 
THE LADY OF THE WHITE HOUSE. 
She beans no crown upon her brow; 
She boast# no lineage royal; 
Her dower is lo li 11 inanity 
A heart dial’s warm and loyal. 
The proud Republic’* chtld Is she. 
The sovereign People’s daughter: 
Her wtnaointinea- 1 , her womanhood 
Nature aud Freedom taught her. 
No herald cries before, her path; 
No frowning guards attend her; 
Her gracious ways are harbingers. 
Her smile is hot - defender. 
Let Kingdoms pledge their regal dames: 
God bless the People’s daughter! 
Her winsomeiiosP, her womanhood. 
Nature and Freedom taught her. 
— Ed 11 a Dean Proctor, in the American Magazine. 
OF INTEREST TO WOMEN. 
The refusal of tlie Mayor of Brooklyn to ap¬ 
point women as school commissioners has been 
a disappointment to many interested in his 
decision. However, there is some consolation 
in knowing that France has elected a Indy as 
member of the Higher Council of Public In¬ 
struction. 
Massachusetts is the first State to appoint 
Police Matrons, who will be expected to care 
for women committed to the police stations. 
Many of the papers have much to say of the 
terrible condition of New York tenements, 
where filth, squalor and disease produce a 
veritable slaughter of the innocents, due to 
the grasping parsimony of the landlords. 
There has been some attempt at reform— 
chiefly by women. One Quaker Indy, Mrs. 
Collins, has torn down old buildings and re¬ 
placed them with model tenements, possessing 
the luxury of a garden, aud the late Miss 
Catherine L. Wolfe, well known for her benev¬ 
olence, did similar work. 
The Philadelphia Press says that oue of the 
most interesting women in Westminster Ab¬ 
bey on Tuesday was the American girl who is 
the w ife of the brilliant young conservative 
statesman, Lord Randolph Churchill. Tal¬ 
ent and determination are Written in charac¬ 
ters unmistakable upon this young wife’s 
face. The wide brow shows the mind to con¬ 
ceive, and the square chin proclaims the pow¬ 
er to execute. There could not be a single dis¬ 
astrous eventuality n life in which the judg¬ 
ment and advice of this dear-eyed woman 
would not be of comforting value. Though 
comely in face, Lady Randolph would never 
be placed upon the lists os a professional beau- 
ty. She has too much brains. The secret of 
her succession from democracy and aristoc¬ 
racy? Ah, it is easily read: “Love, rules the 
camp, the court, the grove.” What says the 
Biblical maiden? “Whither thou goest I will 
go; thy people shall bo my people.” Her inter¬ 
est in American enterprise shows that Lady 
Randolph’s conservatism is to be traced to the 
fact not that she loves America lessj but her 
husband more. 
COUNTRY KINDERGARTENS. 
Undoubtedly the kindergarten system is 
most desirable for young children as recently 
mentioned by a San Francisco Correspondent 
of the Rural. A similar system has boon 
followed in the English Infant Schools for 
many years though they do not diguify it 
with the name of kindergarten. 
The need for just such schools is keenly felt 
iu many country communities. So many 
busy mothers there are, who cannot afford 
time to instruct their little tots, yet hesitate 
to send them to a district school. Aud it is 
rather trying to a teacher, too, to have the 
care of very 3 ’oung children in a mixed coun¬ 
try school. 
Our public school system is certainly an 
excellent oue, but uo system will revolutionize 
human nature, aud the crowding together of 
all ages and characters in one school will in¬ 
variably result in many disadvantages. 
There is u good deal of the primitive savage 
element among children, aud the weaker are 
too often trampled upon m school, as in the 
after world. 
For this reason, iu many country neighbor¬ 
hoods a little kindergarten school would bo of 
tremendous advantage. It need never be iu 
competition with the regular district school, 
but should be regarded simply us a substitute 
for the motherly instruction that a busy 
housekeeper cannot always find tune for. Any 
intelligent girl might lit herself fortius work, 
aud establish a little school of this class ia 
her own neighborhood, without any harassing 
drain on her time or energy. Many parents 
would lie glnd to have their children taken 
care of in Lbis way for the payment of a 
trifling fee. 
We should hardly recommend the kinder¬ 
garten as an auuex to the country school, for 
the reasons expressed .before;.the small cbil- 
T m RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
JULY 4® 
dren often derive more harm than good 
from association with older ones. And it is a 
melancholy fact that one viciously-inclined 
child will injure the morale of the entire 
school. 
The question of education is a very trying 
one to all parents, since it implies the moral 
as well as intellectual side of culture. No 
matter how carefully a child is guarded at 
home, he is always liable to bo exposed to evil 
influences when away. And though many do 
not entertain this opinion, we believe that the 
longer a child is kept iuuoeent of evil, the 
stronger he will he to resist adverse influence 
when it comes. All good qualities must be¬ 
come more matters of habit before they are 
really- strong. 
So, training mind and morals together, 
from the very earliest years, we have more 
likelihood of bringing up useful men and 
women than il' we leave it. to chance—chance 
and associations, desirable or the reverse. 
THE HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMEN, 
s. c. 
The fact that women are callable of a “high¬ 
er education” seems to have struck the world 
like a cyclone. Novelsaro written illustrating 
the phenomenal development of which we are 
capable; Ihe brightest and most philosophical 
minds of the age are discussing its effect upon 
us. Newspapers and magazines teem with 
criticism of us from the tips of our pointed and 
high-heeled shoes to the bangs which crown 
our unintelloctual foreheads. In offices aud 
the professions we are called masculine and 
immodest, and on the other hand wo are 
dressed-up-dolls. Even Carlyle talks to his 
wife of delivering her sex from the bondage 
of frivolity, dollhood, and imbecility, and lift¬ 
ing them up into the freedom aud valor of 
womanhood. Meantime women a re calmly 
pursuing the even tenor of their ways, and 
are graduating with high honors where then- 
brothers rank second and third. 
In an aldress read to the students of Bed¬ 
ford College by Milliceut Garrett Fawcett, 
and published iu the Contemporary Review, 
the writer says: “I have noticed at Cambridge 
University College, and at other educational 
eeuters where girls’ debating societies exist, 
that they trouble themselves a great deal 
about the supposed effect on the character of 
women of “higher education.” There is hard¬ 
ly a woman’* college at which it has not been 
seriously debated whether or not it tends to 
make us selfish. We laugh when the subject 
is presented to us iu this form, but I cannot 
help thinking it a healthy symptom that girls, 
even iu the midst of the engrossing excite¬ 
ments of student life, do not take for granted 
that the acquisition of knowledge is the be-all 
and end-all of life.” 
It occurs to me that I have known many 
selfish men, who would never have been sub¬ 
ject to the suspicion of needing to receive a 
“ higher education” to develop selfishness. 
Miss Fawcett calls attention to the attempt 
of Dr. Withers Moore at a recent meeting of 
the British Medical Association, to popularize 
the old fallacy, that the only proper object in 
life is to become wives aud mothers, and says 
that while “this object certainly has the 
recommendation of being attainable with 
moderate ease, it, after all, cannot be consid¬ 
ered satisfactory as an object in itself. Jeze- 
bel was a wife and mother; so was Lucretia 
Borgia. ” 
She considers Mrs. Lynn Linton’s view of 
the question that money spent ou a girl’s col¬ 
lege training, is thrown away if it does not 
result iu au increased power of earning 
money, as an essentially false and not a very 
high one, and suggests that the objection 
might bo met by opening a greater variety 
of well-paid professional eareers to women, 
aud also by lessening the cost of women’s 
higher education in the same way that the 
cost of men’s higher education lias been les¬ 
sened—by annual grants from Parliament. 
A short time ago at Cambridge two women 
were admitted to a Bret class by themselves iu 
the modern language tripos, no men sharing 
the honor with thorn; these women are ex¬ 
cluded from a degree, while men who were 
second ami third class arc admitted. 
Miss Fawcett condemns women who join 
shooting parties and stalk a defer, and urges 
them to imitate manly virtues as much as 
they like, but to avoid ail foolish imitations of 
men in mere externals. Iu short, to have it 
understood that we mean to “run with the 
hare and hunt with the hounds”—in other 
words, to keep up all ihe best of our old occu¬ 
pations while we arc acquiring new ones. 
EVOLUTION OF MUSIC. 
J. H. G. 
Science and art are investigations of truth. 
Science inquires for the sake of kuowlege and 
is theoretical, art for the sake of production 
aud is, or ought to.be, practical, Sjiencer 
says science is but “an extension of the per¬ 
ceptions by means of reasoning.” If this be 
true then our scientific attainments must de¬ 
pend upon our methods of reasoniug. 
Another definition of science is greater ac¬ 
curacy, the result of study aud experience in 
interpreting the phenomena, of life and its 
environments. For example, an idiot can 
distinguish the sensation we call heat, from 
that produced by cold, but it requires a scien¬ 
tific meteorologist with the aid of the most 
delicate instruments to determine accurately 
the variations in temperature. It is, there¬ 
fore, evident that anything that conduces to 
more extensive or accurate reasoning is an 
aid to science—hence the wonderful impetus 
which the Baconian system of philosophy gave 
to scientific knowledge. Evolution has revo¬ 
lutionized science rather as a basis or method 
of reasoning than as a theory of the creation 
and perfection of the world. All the great 
naturalists say that evolution is God’s method 
of creatiug and perfecting his creatures. I 
believe it—you may not—hut however that 
may be, you cannot hut admit that with the 
general acceptance of the theory has come 
more accurate methods of reasoning, more ex¬ 
tensive perceptions ami clearer deductions. 
It is my purpose here to trace tbo evolution 
of the art of music, from its most primitive 
form (doubtless that of a hoarse, guttural 
gruut) through its various forms of develop¬ 
ment up to the modem opera. Not long ago 
I saw a band of Zulus in one of the Brooklyn 
museums; they went through a native war 
dance, swinging their arms aud legs in the 
most grotesque manner, bringing their bare 
feet down upon the stage with astonishing 
regularity ami accompanying their motions 
with hoarse, guttural grunts, thus convoying 
musically, poetically and dramatically all the 
bellicose thoughts and emotions of their rude, 
undeveloped natures. Shortly after 1 saw 
Wagner’s opera “LoliengTin,” given by Maple- 
son’s troupe accompanied by Ardita's orches¬ 
tra. What a contrast! What a wonderful 
illustration of the development of the com¬ 
plex from the simple! The first representing 
the most primitive forms of music, poetry and 
the drama, the latter the three arts in their 
most complete form, their highest develop¬ 
ment. 
We have abundant evidence among almost 
all barbarous races that the first musical in¬ 
struments were used for accompaniments 
only, and were percussive iu their character, 
such as drums, tom-toms, and the like, being 
used simply to mark the time; we therefore 
conclude that in the constant repetition of the 
same sound, either at regular or irregular in¬ 
tervals, we have music iu its simplest form. 
The evolution from the simple forms of mel¬ 
ody lias been very slow. The lyres of the 
Greeks had but four strings, constituting their 
tetrochord; then came into use the different 
modes, Dorian, Ionian, Phrygian, -Eolian. 
aud Lydian, answering to our keys. Harmo¬ 
ny was first suggested by two choirs siugmg 
alternately the same air, thus suggesting 
counterpoint, which has been called equiv¬ 
alent to a new creation in music. It would 
be interesting and profitable to trace out the 
various processes and stages iu the evolution 
of music. The effect of Greek civilization 
aud culture, the great impetus which the art 
received during the renaissance period, the 
nature aud effect of the Gregorian chant, 
eouuterpuntnl music, the ballet mid other 
aids in its development. The over-increasing 
complexity of music, from the introduction 
of uotes of various length, from the multi¬ 
plication of keys, from the use of accidentals, 
from variations iu time, is evidenced by the 
contrast between the simple hymn aud the 
oratorio, the ballad and the opera, the instru¬ 
mental solo and the symphony. Turning 
from the historical to the philosophical side of 
the subject, we find that all emotion results 
from physical contortion. We step upou a 
tack, we naturally jump; the b|ow of the 
hammer intended for the. nail strikes our 
thumb, we dance tind—express our emotion In 
sound the intensity mid length of which de¬ 
pends upon the uniount of Christian grace 
which we possess. Almost, it not all import¬ 
ant motions of the body are accompanied by 
vocal sound; even a dog retracts his lips, 
shows bis teeth and growls. It. is this prin¬ 
cipal which underlies all vocal phenomena, in¬ 
cluding music. Having been conscious of each 
feeling at the same time that we heard our¬ 
selves make the consequent sound, wo have 
acquired un established association of ideas 
between such sounds and the feelings which 
caused them; when we Lear a like sound pro¬ 
duced by another, we ascribe n like feeling 
to him, and in sympathy with him a like feel¬ 
ing is produced iu ourselves. Thus these 
uiodillcati us of voice become not only n lan¬ 
guage through which vvo understand the emo¬ 
tions of others, but also thumeanspf ejceitjng 
our sympathies with such emotions. Music is 
but the interpretation of the emotioUs, by 
means of sound, tuid iu this it docs uot differ 
from ordinary speech or poetry, except in the 
intensity of its expression. 
As the tones, intervals and cadences of 
strong emotion were the elements out of 
which song was elaborated, so we may expect 
to find that st ill stronger emotion produced 
the elaboration. Instances in abundance may 
be cited showing Dial musical composers were 
men of extremely acute sensibilities. The 
Life of Mozart depicts him as one of intensely 
active affections ami highly impressionable 
temperament. Various anecdotes represent 
Beethoven ns very susceptible and very pas¬ 
sionate. An unusually emotional nature 
being thus the general characteristic of musi¬ 
cal composers we have in it just the agency 
required for the development of recitative 
song. Ill tenser feeling producing intense man¬ 
ifestations any cause of excitement will call 
forth from such a nature tones aud changes, of 
voice more marked than those called forth 
from au ordinary nature, will generate just 
those exaggerations which distinguish lower 
vocal music from emotional speech, aud the 
higher vocal music, from the lower. 
Familiarity with, the more'varied combina¬ 
tions of toues that occur in vocal music must 
given greater variety of combination to the 
tones in which we utter our impressions and 
desires. The Italians, the most musical peo¬ 
ple iu the world, speak iu more varied and ex¬ 
pressive inflection and cadence than any other 
nation The gentleman and the clown staud 
in a very decided contrast in respect to mt,rt- 
nation. Listen to the conversation of an un¬ 
educated servant and then to that of a refined 
and accomplished woman; the more delicate 
aud complex changes of voice used by the lat¬ 
ter will be conspicuous. This emotional lan¬ 
guage which musical culture develops and re¬ 
lines is only second iu importance to the lan¬ 
guage of the intellect, for these modifications 
of voice produced by feelings, are the means 
of exciting like feelings iu others. Joined 
with gesture and expression of face they give 
life to the otherwise dead words in which the 
intellect utters its ideas and so enables the 
hearer not only to understand the state of 
mind they accompany but to partake of 
that state. In short, they arc the chief 
media of sympathy and if we consider 
how much both our general welfare and 
our immediate pleasures depend upon sym¬ 
pathy, we shall recognize the importance of 
whatever makes this greater. If we liear in 
mind that this faculty which makes us sharers 
in the joys aud sorrows of others, is the basis 
of all the higher affections—that iu friend¬ 
ship, love, and all domestic pleasures it is an 
essential element; if we boar in mind how 
much our direct gratifications are intensified 
by sympathy—flow at the theatre, the con¬ 
cert, the picture gallery, we lose half of our 
enjoyment if wo have no oue to share it with 
us: if, in short, we bear in mind that for all 
happiness, beyond what the unfriended recluse 
can have, we are indebted to the same sympa¬ 
thy, we shall see that the agencies that com- 
nmuicato it cannot be overrated iu value. 
Herbert Spencer says “the tendency of civ¬ 
ilization is more and more to repress the an¬ 
tagonistic elements of our characters and to 
develop the social ones.” 
Music is, or should he, au elemeut iu our 
life, for 
" He who with bolt! and skillful hand sweeps o’er 
The organ keyH of some cathedral pile. 
Flooding with music vault and nave and aisle, 
While ou hl« ear falls but n thunderous roar— 
Iu the composer's lofty motive free, 
Knows wi ll that ail that temple vast and dim, 
Thrills toils base wllh anthem, psalm or hymn. 
True to the changing laws of harmony. 
So he, who on these changing chords of life, 
Wllh firm, sweet touch plays the great master's score, 
Of Truth and Love and Duty, evermore, 
Knows, too, that far beyond lids roar and strife, 
Though he may never hear, 111 the true time, 
These notes must all accord iu symphonies sublime.” 
GOLDEN GRAINS. 
A true man never frets about his place in 
the world, but just slides into it by the gravi¬ 
tation of his nature, and swiugs there as easi¬ 
ly as a star. . 
Nature is frank, and will allow no man to 
abuse himself without giving him a hint of it. 
He is the greatest man who chooses the 
right with invincible resolution, who bears 
the heaviest burdens cheerfully, and whose re¬ 
liance on truth and virtue is the most unfal¬ 
tering.. ..... ........ .. 
That country is the richest which nour¬ 
ishes Die greatest number of noble and happy 
human lwings; uud that man 1* richest who, 
When Baby was sick, we gave her Oastorla 
When she was a Child, she cried for Castorla, 
When she became Miss, she clung 10 Casiorla, 
When she had Children, »be gave them Castorla. 
