AU6 27 
THE RMBAt NEW-YORKER. 
ever foaled if he allows him to come up hap¬ 
hazard until he is three years old. Without 
grain and suitable care, he will never fill 
out and make as handsome a horse as he 
would if he had been kept growing all the 
time from the start. One might just as well 
try to make a runt of a pig that has been half 
tarved uutil a year old into a 4UU-pound hog 
when two years old. When 1 commenced 
buying colts for market40 years ago, I bought 
a couple of three-year-olds that had roughed 
it up to that age without grain or much care 
and the result was that it took me a year 
longer, and cost me a third more, to get them 
ready for market. I could never fill t hem out 
all over and make them look nice, so I learned 
very soon that it was cheapen-for me to pay 
from £50 to $100 more for a colt that had been 
started right along from a sucker up to three 
years old, at least. There is where a good 
many farmers fail in raising horses—they 
don’t feed and care for them properly. Then 
they complain and grumble because they 
can’t sell their colts as readily as their neigh¬ 
bor does, nor get as much for them. There is 
nothing kept on a farm that pays as much 
money or gives the owner as much pleasure as 
a first-class breeding mare served to a first- 
class stallion. i. d. remington. 
Cayuga Co., N. Y. 
Pain) ij its bn nil nj. 
SOME “COLD FACTS” ABOUT OIL¬ 
TESTING MILK. 
The following are facts in regard to testing 
the milk of six lots or herds of cows whose 
milk was delivered at a Wisconsin butter 
factory. The milk is computed at (50 cents 
per 100 pounds, as that was what good milk 
was worth to make 20-ceut butter at the time, 
and also what the factory paid for it. 
The herds are numbered in one column; in 
the next the actual yield of butter per 100 
pounds of milk is given to each, and in the 
third what the butter cost per pound to the 
factory that paid for the milk at 60 cents per 
100 pounds, and then the iuevitable conclusion 
is drawn. 
Yield per 100 lbs. Milk. Cost of Butter per lb. 
No. 1 2 58 23 35 
”2 1 t4 36 58 
3 4 32 IS 88 
” 4 3 05 19 (57 
” 5 3 05 19 67 
” 6 1 76 34 09 
Total yield. 16 40 Ave. cost per lb. 24 54 
The inevitable conclusion is that, if the fac¬ 
tory paid 00 cents per 100 pounds lor the 
milk, and hence for one-half the butter in said 
milk—for that was all it took of it—and sold 
the butter for 20 cents per pound, it donated 
to No. 1, 8.40 ceuts per 100 pounds of milk; to 
No. 2, 27.20 cents; on No. 3 it had a profit of 
9.12 cents per 100 pounds, after taking out 
4 cents per pound of butter for the making; 
on Nos. I ami 5 it had one cent, per 100 pounds 
of milk for manufacturing the butter in it, 
and to No. 6 it donated 24.80 cents per 100 
pounds of milk. For GOO pounds of such milk 
it paid, actual cash, $3.60, and received $3.28, 
thus losing 32 cents and the cost of package, 
and did the work for the fun of the thing. 
Every man lint No. 3 got more tbau his milk 
was worth, and No. 3 was robbed to help 
make a donation to the other five. These are 
the “cold facts,” and are specimens of the out¬ 
rages on factories and good dairymen that the 
oil-test will come to cure, and make every 
milk-pail stand on its own base. 
Another inevitable conclusion is that the 
factory ought to have bud 223-i pounds of but 
ter out of the milk, or paid 16 cents per pound 
to the patrons for what was actually in it— 
that is, £2.(523^. No. 3 would then have had, 
net, 69 12 cents per 100 pounds for his milk, and 
No 2, 26.24 cents. That is the arithmetic of it, 
applied to the “cold facts.” j. a. smith. 
Ozaukee Co., Wis. 
CREAMERIES OR CROCKS ? 
Aunt Pucebe, in a late Rural, gives a 
very interesting account of her buttcr-muk- 
ing; but I take exception to some of her con¬ 
clusions. She say r s, “ For a moderutc-sizod 
dairy, I think a creamery entirely superflu¬ 
ous,” aud “Many of us ure limited in meaus 
and limited in help.” For these two reasons I 
think a good portable creamery almost a neces¬ 
sity. If the expense of buying a creamery is 
too great, some deep, flat cans can be ordered 
at the turner's—flat cans are better than round 
ones, as they expose more surface to the cold 
water in which they tiro set. To hold 10 gal¬ 
lons each, they should bo 18 or 20 iuchcs deep. 
Two of these would be sufficient, if ice is used, 
for a 20-cow dairy; but if Aunt Pint bo has 
plenty of cold spring water, they will answer 
for a 10-cow dairy. For 10 cows Aunt Phoebe 
will need at least 20 gallon crocks each day. 
These are heavy' to handle, and consume a 
good deal of time in washing and sunning. 
Now, the labor of handling all these crocks or 
two tin cans is not to be compared. Resides, 
in my experience, the extra amount of cream 
raised—by the deep setting in cold water— 
aud therefore the extra amount of butter 
made will soon pay for a creamery, and I 
think Aunt Phaabe would soon find that the 
home-made creamery would pay for itself in 
one mouth. If the priuter has made no mis¬ 
take, Aunt Phoebe certainly has most remark¬ 
able Short-horn grade cows, for, she says 
they average a pound aud a-balf of butter 
each, per day, the year round. Now, as she 
dries them off about a mouth before coming 
in, it would give them 330 working days for 
the year, and a pound and a-half of butter 
each, would be 495 pounds per year, which is 
more than many herds of the best butter 
breeds can show. She is right about not 
using butter color; if it was against the law 
to use artificial coloring for butter, or imita¬ 
tions of butter, the bogus butter men would 
soon be at the end of their rope. Good cows, 
well fed and cared for. will color their butter 
sufficiently, even in winter, a. l, crosby. 
Rockland Farm, Md. 
AN EXCELLENT BULL STAFF. 
The subject of horns on cattle has, of late, 
been very much discussed, aud it has been 
proved that they are expensive ornaments or 
appendages. An animal known to be vicious 
is less dangerous than one so tame that he may 
seem entirely' harmless. This was demon¬ 
strated a short time ago by a citizen of our 
county in handling a pet bull. His owner, a 
very excellent man, was leading him by the 
ring in his nose. The bull became enraged, 
and before his leader knew it, pushed him 
down and gox-ed him till he died. In a few 
days two other meu were killed in .the same 
service. 
^ar- 
At Fig. 321 is shown a device that will make 
the handling of horned animals comparatively 
safe. If the chain from any cause should 
come loose, a weupon of defense is still in tho 
leader’s hands. Take a long fork handle, riv¬ 
et mi iron strap over it with six or eight in hes 
of light chain attached, to which fasten a 
good malleable harness snap. Put the snap 
in tiie nose ring and the animal cau be led with¬ 
out the rope if so desired. G. w. FRY. 
Grundy Co., Mo. 
Slje paidtvi) Hftrt). 
PREPARATIONS TO INSURE EGG PRO¬ 
DUCTION NEXT WINTER. 
THIS is the proper period for making all 
necessary preparations to secure eggs during 
the winter months. 11 is safe to say that the 
majority of those who take an interest in 
poultry, really pay more attention to the 
fowls in winter than iu summer, and should 
receive a liberal supply of eggs; but the mis¬ 
takes made are in not allowing protection 
from winds, aud improper feeding. In con¬ 
structing the poultry house and yards consid¬ 
eration should be given to the securing of the 
heat from tho sun the greater portion of tho 
day, and the bouse should therefore face' the 
south-east rather than the south, ns the early 
moruiug is the time when warmth is most re¬ 
quired. The yards should he so arranged as 
to permit open-air exercise, but the lower 
portion of the fence should be made of boards, 
two feet from the ground, iu order not only 
to prevent fowls in adjoining yards from 
fighting with your own birds, but also as a 
protection against the winds. All that por- 
tion of the fence above the boards rtiay be 
made of wire. 
The great aim in winter is to compel tho 
hens to scrateh, and material (such as leaves, 
cut-straw, etc.) should be laid in for that pur¬ 
pose, while green food should not be over¬ 
looked. A patch of rye sown this fall will be 
found invaluable, as it may be cut and thrown 
into the yards at any time when not covered 
with snow, and if sown early it will tnuko 
sufficient growth for that purpose, while cured 
grass, tender clover, potatoes, turnips and 
cabbages, may be stored away for providing 
a variety. 
The poultry-house should be made so as to 
avoid drafts of air, and should therefore 
be lined with paper of some kind. Atop 
ventilator may be arranged, but it must be 
under control, so as to govern the draft on 
damp or windy days, or roup and canker will 
be the results. 
To kuow what preparations should be made, 
let it be considered that the fail ure to secure 
eggs iu winter is mostly due to overfeeding, 
especially of corn. The hen may alsob© feu 
moderately, yet the food may luck the neces¬ 
sary material with which to provide oggs. 
But no matter how she is fed, she must be kept 
busy and at work in order to compel her “ to 
work off the fat,” and thus be always iu a 
thrifty condition. Feeding grain and bulky 
food combined, with a liberal supply of meat, 
provided the hens are compelled to scratch 
and hunt for the grain, is the secret of ob¬ 
taining eggs at all seasons; and in preparing 
for winter the poultry man should aim to se¬ 
cure as many advantages, as compared with 
those of summer, as possible. The size of the 
yards is of little importance in winter, but an 
open shed in which the sunlight enters, and 
the hens are protected against the winds, will 
he of great service. 
Early pullets, no crowding of the hens, 
sunlight, protection against drafts, dry yards, 
early feeding, aud nitrogeuous food will near¬ 
ly always give good results. The proper 
mode of feeding cau be given later, but all 
necessary preparations must bo made now. 
THE HONEY CROP OF 1S87. 
W. Z. HUTCHINSON. 
An unfavorable season; the basswood trench¬ 
es on the white clover season; no supplies 
from California; prices going up; not 
more than a quarter crop; no haste to sell; 
better prospects ahead for those who will 
winter their bees welt. 
The season opened warm and pleasant, and 
colouies having abundant stores boomed right 
along; but the dry weather, especially in the 
Northwest, “boomed right along” too. Here 
iu Michigan there came a week of rain, but it 
was just after White Clover hud opened its 
blossoms, aud no honey can be gathered from 
this grand honey plant during rainy weather, 
it finally cleared olf aud bees begnn work in 
the sections, when there came a week of 
weather so cord that scarcely a bee left the 
hives. The next week it warmed up aud the 
bees again began work on White Clover, but 
before a section of honey was sealed over aud 
ready to come off, basswood blossomed a full 
week earlier than usual, and the clover was 
deserted for the basswood. Basswood yielded 
fairly about a week, and thru the white honey 
harvest for 1887 was past, aud goue. One- 
fourth of a crop here would be a fair average, 
while in the drought-parched regions west of 
Lake Miehigan there is almost no surplus. 
California, that often loads down our markets 
with ear load after ear load of honey, has 
none to send this year, and, even if she had, it 
is doubtful if it would be sent on account of 
the new freight rates. 
Already prices are creeping up. First-class 
honey has already lieen sold in Chicago at 17 
cents wholesale. The dealers are awaking to 
the situation. The leading wholesale grocery 
house of New York city wrote me a short 
time ago, rnakiug inquiries in regard to the 
honey Crop, and asking: “What is the out¬ 
look?” Taking the whole country over, there 
has not been more than a quarter crop, und 
there should be no haste to sell. There is but 
little demand for honey uutil cool weather 
sharpens the appetite for sweets, and Novem¬ 
ber is amply soon enough to put honey on the 
market. 
There are probably some localities where 
not enough honey has been gathered for win¬ 
ter stores; or, if there has, It has been taken 
away In the hopes tbut more would la* gath¬ 
ered. Some will become discouraged on ac¬ 
count of the poor season aud neglect the bees. 
It is quite likely that many bees will be al¬ 
lowed to starve the comiug winter, their 
owners having become too discouraged or too 
disgusted with the business to prepare their 
bees for whiter. Prices for honey will he 
high, and those who have bees to sell next 
spring may be able to sell them at good fig¬ 
ures. 
A few farmers sometimes make the most 
money in poor seasons, and the bee-keepers 
who will attend strictly to business, and not 
lose their heads, may find the present poor 
season a blessing in disguise. Brother bee¬ 
keepers. be sure that the bees are prepared 
for winter this fall in the best possible man- 
uer. If they need feeding use n sirup of 
grauulnted sugar; it is equal to the best honey 
for winter stores and is cheaper this year. 
Genesee Co., Mich. 
CHINCH BUG REMEDIES. 
The chinch bug is one of the most difficult 
of our insect enemies to manage. Most other 
insects that feed upon our crops cau be de¬ 
stroyed by the use of arsenical or other poisons 
put upon their food plants, but with all true 
bugs these poisons are of no effect, as bugs 
draw their nourishment through a sharp, stout 
beak that is inserted into the plant, never 
feeding on the surface where the poisons 
lodge. Among the remedies that may be used 
advantageously against tho chinch bug are 
the following: 
Insecticides.— Prof. Forbes found by careful 
experimenting that kerosene emulsion in which 
the kerosene forms three per cent, of t he mix¬ 
ture, was deadly to the bugs in all stages, 
while it did uo harm to TOru. I have uo doubt 
but what pyrethrutn would prove equally ef¬ 
fective, but do not know that it has ever been 
tried. These remedies would be practical only 
in small patches. They would lie especially 
useful to check tho spreading of the bugs 
when they begin tlieir attack in isolated 
patches or uloug the borders of a field. 
Fencing Out. —When myriads of the bugs 
appear and are found to be traveling from 
field to field, they have been effectually kept 
out of a crop by means of a fence one board 
high, the boards boiug set close to the ground 
aud kept daubed on the top edge with coal 
tar. Every 30 or 40 feet a hole is dug near to 
the fence. In these holes the vermin will 
sometimes accumulate in such quantities that 
they may he shoveled out and carried away 
by the cart-load. These should be dumped in¬ 
to a hole and buried. 
Burning. —Low, moist ground is unfavora¬ 
ble to this insect, hence its ravages are usually 
first noticed on a high, sandy portion of the 
field. In such cases much damage may often 
be averted by scattering straw over such 
places and burning it. Tf a field is so badly 
damaged as not to be worth harvesting, it is 
better to burn it than to allow the bugs to 
live to increase and spread farther. 
Tidy Farming.— The fall brood of the 
chinch hugs live over winter under straw, 
corn-stalks, rails, boards, and every sort of 
rubbish that will afford them protection, and 
consequently all debris of this sort should be 
takeu care of. Bunches of straw scattered 
about iu an infested field will collect great 
numbers of the bugs, which may then be de¬ 
stroyed by burning. The dead grass aud 
Chunks ami stones nlong fences afford good 
winter protection, and hence it is that the 
chinch bug so ofteu begins its work along the 
borders of a field. c. p. Gillette. 
SOME DRY NOTES. 
FRED. GRUNDY. 
I’ve done a great deal of bass growling 
at the weather this season, and 1 think I have 
had a very g<K>d basis for my deep toned com¬ 
plaints. We haven’t had enough rain to fair¬ 
ly lay tho dust for well on to three months, 
aud there’s no prospect for any now. I never 
saw anything so dry as the ground is, except 
a neighbor, who, during the short end of one 
night, was becalmed, and took lodgings in the 
ante-chamber of my cow stable. When I 
aroused him from liis humble couch the next 
morning, he asked if I had anything on the 
place to drink. 1 informed him that tho sup¬ 
ply of aqua pura was unlimited, and I 
brought him a six-quart bucketful; and he 
SUt there and swallowed two-thirds of it with¬ 
out taking tho bucket from Ids face, or 
straightening out a leg! 1 think our soil 
would take a 10-gallon bucketful to the square 
foot as easily as that chap took in four quarts. 
* >!< * 
After all, what sense is there iu grumbling 
about the weather, and fretting one’s self into 
a conflagration over it. Wo can’t change it a 
particle, if wo snort and stew aud gr <uu and 
