SEPT 40 
THE RUSAL HEW-Y9RSCER. 
and more enduring tree when top-worked 
upon a suitable iron-clad stock. Not that the 
Wealthy is not iron-clad, but that it is tender 
in the bark of the trunk. This is true of 
some other desirable, hardy sorts, notably 
Foundling, and Canada Baldwin, both hardy 
enough, but subject to bark-killing ou the 
south or south-west sides of their trunks. 
My greatest disappointment, however, in 
regard to the Russian apples, is that most of 
the long keepers seem lacking in hardiness. 
Borsdorf (No. 841, Department of Agriculture 
List) is not any nearer iron-clad than Fa- 
meuse; while Bogdauoff, a highly-praised 
winter apple of the Budd-Gibb importations, 
is quite as tender as Ben Davis. Babusehino 
(4fi!>) is another that shows tenderness, much 
to my regret, as it is highly praised for qual¬ 
ity and keeping by Mr. Clibb. But my great¬ 
est disappointment is in Longfield. I have 
this from three sources, all seemingly alike in 
tree (though none have fruited) and they are 
all killed back in the nursery and orchard, 
fully as much as Fameuse, and became black¬ 
hearted. The English Pippin (5X7) which is 
reported by some (o be the same a-s Longfield, 
ami by others as a seedling closely resembling 
it, seems hardier and may be iron clad. It is 
exceedingly disappointing, in our dearth of 
iron-clad long-keepers, to fiud that of the few 
Russians reported to be keepers, so many 
should fail in this point. 
aiu'ous. 
THE WATER SUPPLY QUESTION. 
We live on a plateau—the divide between 
tbeKu kaskiaaud Snuga'mou rivers—and con¬ 
sequently ha ve ueillier (lowing springs nor purl¬ 
ing streams to supply us with water. Arti¬ 
ficial lakes have been used to some extent by 
stockmen; but during the summer months the 
water confined in them becomes so corrupt 
as to be unfit even for hogs to wallow in, so 
they have been discarded by all except the 
most shiftless and ignorant, 
A plentiful supply of excellent water is ob¬ 
tained from wells sunk to a depth of 13 to 50 
feet—the average being about 20 feet—and 
windmills are quite extensively employed for 
raising it lu some instances the well is lo¬ 
cated between the bouse and barn, and the 
mill pumps the water into a closed frost-proof 
tank, from which it flows through pipes to 
small cemented cisterns close by, or iuside of 
both house and barn. Others use the mill for 
pumping stock water only, and the well is 
sunk in a place most convenient to the yards 
or pasiurt s. 
I will give the actual cost of the water¬ 
works erected in a pasture on a neighbor’s 
farm: windmill £45, tower £15, pump £15; 
tank, open, 4 feet wide, 14 feet long and 3 
feet deep, with necessary piping from pump 
§15. total §00. The well is eight feet iu diame¬ 
ter and]3 feet deep. It was excavated by a 
former owner, and 1 cannot give the exact 
cost. 
The money spent on the above machinery 
is oue of the best investments that a farmer 
of 80 acres and upward can make. We 
have wind enough during some portion of the 
day or night, winter or summer, to insure a 
constant and plentiful supply of water for all 
purposes. When water is pumped by hand 
I notice that stock are frequently compelled 
to go without water for hours at a time, 
which cannot be otherwise than extremely 
injurious. 
The improvements iu the construction of 
mills and towers have been so great that the 
risk of loss or damage by storms is reduced to 
a minimum. The only running expense is 
the cost of oil used. All the working parts 
of the mill should be oiled twice a week, and 
it eau be done in two minutes. The entire 
mill should be examined occasionally and 
all shaky parts tightened up The mill should 
be arranged to keep the tank full, but to stop 
when it is full. The tank and pipes should be 
perfectly tight, so that there will be no pud¬ 
dles anywhere about Lbe well. The amount 
saved per year by the use of a windmill will 
range anywhere between §35 and §75, depen¬ 
ding largely upon the quantity of stock kept. 
Christian Co,, Ills. FRED. GRUNDY. 
-♦-* *-«- 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
Percherons and French Coach-Houses. 
—Catalogue from Savage & Farnum, De¬ 
troit, Michigan.—This catalogue fully des¬ 
cribes these excellent breeds, and is‘’of inter¬ 
est and value to farmers who breed horses.” 
Their immense establishment is located on 
Grosse Isle, Mich,, the largest island in De¬ 
troit River, 10 miles below the city, and is an 
acknowledged headquarters in America for 
PoreherOn and French coach-horses. Grosse 
Isle was first occupied by the French about 
150 years, ago, and it is now occupied chiefly 
by French horses. Send for the catalogue 
and be convinced tbat it costs very little 
more to raise a £800-horse than it does to 
raise a §125-horse. 
Oil Meal. —Circulars from Mann Bros. & 
Co., Niagara Linseed Oil Works, Buffalo, N. 
Y. This circular contains many facts which 
think ing fanners should study. Hay will be 
scarce in many parts of the country this win¬ 
ter. Many tons of rough forage which iu for¬ 
mer years has been wasted, will be fed this 
year. Supplemental foods, rich iu albumi¬ 
noids, will be doubly uecessary where this 
coarse forage is fed. Oil meal will therefore 
be an impoi taut factor iu such feeding. Con¬ 
taining three times the quantity of albumi¬ 
noids to be found iu corn-meal, it can be fed 
with straw or corn fodder with excellent re¬ 
sults. Farmers will do well to secure this cir¬ 
cular. The feeding rations contained in it 
will be of great help to all who feed oil meal. 
Forestry in Europe.—Tu this pamphlet 
the reports of the U. S. Consuls iu France. 
Germany, Italy. Austria and Switzerland are 
collected. The forestry laws in vogue iu these 
countries are given, aud much other impor¬ 
tant information. It is the most interesting 
and important treatise on European Forestry 
that we have examined. It is sent by the De¬ 
partment of Slate. 
Woman’s Work. 
CONDUCTED BY EMILY LOUISE TAPLIN. 
CHAT BY THE WAY. 
Who is to blame for our bad servants ? Cer¬ 
tainly the fault does not all lie either one 
side or the other. There are doubtless, many 
disagreeable, never-satisfied mistresses, but 
what a swarm of incompetent maids wo are 
alllicted with! It has been our observation 
that while really good domestics may at 
times sutler from inconsiderate employers, 
they are sure, sooner or later, to meet with 
some oue who will appreciate their value and 
treat them accordingly. 
* * * 
Rome one, writing a few months ago, in the 
Philadelphia Press, spoke of the incomparable 
English servants, and suggested the import¬ 
ation of such to this long-suffering country. 
But this plan would not Work in many cases. 
Life and surroundings are so totally different 
in England that the same regulations in do¬ 
mestic service would never work. We know 
cases where tried English domestics have 
been brought here by families who had previ¬ 
ously employed them, and in a short space of 
time they were as unmanageable as the native 
stock. Whether we corrupt our servants, or 
whether the surroundings give them habits of 
thought at variance with their occupation, it 
is impossible to say. 
* * * 
But it will bo quite impossible to suggest 
any improvement without concerted action 
on the part of employers. In places where 
domestics are scarce employers are usually so 
anxious to obtain help that they make little 
or no inquiry into the previous record of their 
employees. They may be incompetent, un¬ 
cleanly or disrespectful, but wliile these un¬ 
desirable qualities make their stay in any oue 
place of limited duration, they can readil/ 
find another. So they manifest no desire to 
improve, so that the unlucky mistress spends 
her time in doing her work alone, and iu doing 
it while shewing some incompetent how. 
4 * * 
There are doubtless many excellent domes¬ 
tics who are a credit to their sex aud their oc¬ 
cupation. But really they seem like a drop 
in the ocean of incompetents. Wo can hard¬ 
ly expect foreign girls of the peasant class, 
accustomed to the most primitive housekeep¬ 
ing, to learn everything at once,but it seems a 
little hard to turn our homes into training- 
schools for domestic service, and then pay 
good wages to our pupils while we do the 
work. 
♦ * * 
If we could only get good domestics of na¬ 
tive birth! But the girls who, two genera¬ 
tions ago, would have entered such service, 
now seek other occupations—hence our trials. 
Truly, we need some sort of domestic service 
reform, but it can only be effected by each 
and every housekeeper doing some reforming 
on her own account, without waiting for any 
genera) movement, 
* * * 
A recent writer in the Michigan Farmer 
has something to say about the percentage of 
insanity among farmers wives, which, thougli 
but little larger than among other classes, 
certainly ought to be much less. The writer 
quoted thinks this terrible malady may be 
traced chiefly to monotony and neglect of 
sanitary conditions. We certainly have seen 
a good many farms where sanitary conditions 
were shamefully neglected, but where the 
farmer is industrious aud enterprising he is 
sure to take as much pride in the cleanliness of 
his outbuildings as the condition of his stock. 
* * * 
But undoubtedly there is much monotony 
iu farm life, especially during the winter, and 
the worst, of it. always falls upon the women. 
Busiucss often calls a man from the close 
routine of daily labor; he meets other men, 
and in their company gets out of the regular 
groove, but there is less opportunity for this for 
the women. And continual rouud of petty 
cares in the one groove, if it does not pro¬ 
duce insanity, will develop into a sort of mono¬ 
mania which makes wliat is popularly known 
as a crauk. 
* 
If ouly the farmers’ wife would take her 
bands out of the dish pan, whisk on her best 
bonnet aud climb up into the wagon every 
time her husband hitches up to go down to 
the store! it would be an incalculable saving 
of health, botli in body and mind. But we 
cannot always do that without throwing 
everything out of gear. So we must take 
what crumbs of rest and recreation come in 
our way, and above all try to tbiuk of some¬ 
thing besides our work, and fly from unhappy 
brooding as from the plague. Cheerfulness 
and content will do something to lighten the 
heaviest lot; and while good temper does 
largely depend on good health, it’s a poor rule 
that won’t work both ways, and in a good 
many cases our health depends to a consider¬ 
able extent, on our temper. 
WOMEN AS HORTICULTURISTS. 
At the annual meetiug of the Society of 
American Florists iu Chicago last month a 
noticeable feature was the presence of femin¬ 
ine florists and nurserymen. They were not 
horticulturists in name ouly, but pra tical 
workers, who manage large places success¬ 
fully, and conduct extensivu establishments. 
Some of the papers devoted to the interests of 
women have been suggesting this business as 
a field for women, but these successful work¬ 
ers have simply gone right ahead and taken 
hold without waiting for advice as to the suit¬ 
ability of the profession. 
A majority of the women employed iu this 
business are in the Western States. Either 
Western women are more enterprising and 
unconventional, or a woman has a better 
chance in the West The largest florist’s es¬ 
tablishment in the State of Kansas is managed 
by two women under the late title of Bristol 
Sisters, but increasing business has necessitat¬ 
ed the enlargement of the concern, and it is 
now the Bristol Floral Company. The lead¬ 
ing florist of Denver, Colorado, is a woman, 
and there are women in similar positions iu 
Texas, Wyoming and other territories aud 
States further West. 
It seems ouly natural to see women em¬ 
ployed in making up floral designs or tending 
florists’ stores, though we do not think they 
are so occupied as much in this country us in 
England, but it is doubtless a good field for 
women. 
However, a woman must not think, because 
she is fond of plants and fairly successful with 
them in an amateur way, that she can go 
right in and become a successful florist all at 
once. She must have industry, perseverance 
and, not least important, a little capital. She 
must be able to work herself, and find efficient 
help to assist her. She must be able to direct 
intelligently, but shu must also be able to turn 
her hand to a certain amount of manual labor 
if ueed be. Some ladies in Southern Illinois 
are engaged in raising bulbs for the market, 
tuberoses and gladioli, aud there is a similar 
firm managed by a lady in South Carolina. 
The leading florist of Cleveland is a woman 
of culture and refinement, who began without 
any capital save brains and willing hands. 
She is very successful in business, and has the 
distinction of being one of the most artistic 
designers in the trade. Of course every 
flower-loving woman is not fitted for this 
work, but the fact remains that it is an honor¬ 
able aud fuirly-remuuerative employment, 
and may very well take its place among oc¬ 
cupations for women. 
KITCHEN SUGGESTIONS. 
Kitchen conveniences are nothing without 
they are rit/ht there; just where you cun get 
them when needed. For example, take hold¬ 
ers. How often we need oue on the instant, 
before wo have time to think of getting it. 
For this reason it is well to imitate the fash 
ionablo woman’s chatelaine, though in a more 
prosaic manner, by having a holder tucked 
into an apron pocket, and fastened to the band 
by a tape. No kitchen can be called a success 
without a big dresser with lots of drawers. One 
drawer should be kept entirely for old news 
papers; their uses are infinite. They must al¬ 
ways be spread on the floor around the stove 
when frying or broiling is in progress; they 
will save many vexatious grease spots, whether 
oue has a bare floor or carpeted one. We 
must confess ourselves, that the frequent rag- 
carpet we see on kitchen floors does not meet 
our views, though it may be labor-saving. 
No matter how cleanly one may be. one can¬ 
not prevent such a carpet from absorbing a 
certain amount of dirt. If the floor must be 
covered, oilcloth is preferable, and certainly 
very easily kept clean. 
Then the old papers will come in for clean¬ 
ing windows and mirrors, for spreading on 
the table while engaged in greasy work: in 
fact, they will be found of labor-saving 
utility all through. 
A kitchen clothes-bag is another indispensa¬ 
ble, so that all the soiled linen belonging to 
the kitchen may be kept together. 
Then, while most family remedies should be 
kept iu the medicine chest or closet, an easily- 
reached drawer in the kitchen should contain 
such things as Hut, bandages, styptics and 
simple remedies for burns and scalds, or insect 
bites. A hot stove lid or an over-sharp knife 
will often cause a diversion that throws the 
domestic machinery entirely out. of gear, If 
we could only all possess a large aud airy 
kitchen, with range of noble proportions, and 
an imposing stock of culinary instruments, 
cooking would lose a good many of its terrors. 
But, unfortunately, a good many of us are 
compelled to put up with poky little rooms, 
almost destitute of conveniences, and it ren¬ 
ders the work doubly hard. The only thing 
to do is to make the work as systematic as 
possible, and to add all the comforts possible, 
without taking our already limited space. 
Where the man of the house is ingenious and 
handy with tools, it is often passible to have 
existing disadvantages improved to a certain 
extent. 
Folding tables, which may be turned up 
against the wall, are a very great conven¬ 
ience, especially on ironing day. The difficul¬ 
ty of obtaining help iu country houses is often 
increased by this lack of conveniences aud 
labor-saving appliances; and indeed, one can 
hardly wouder if a domestic does prefer a 
house where her work is lightened in this way. 
And the house-keeper lias as much right to in¬ 
sist on this point as the domestic; there is no 
reason for increasing our already abundant 
work. 
» » ♦- 
GOLDEN GRAINS. 
You must love iu order to understand love. 
One act of charity will teach us more of the 
love of God th m a thousand sermons . 
Many a one who iu the great crisis of life 
has acted the hero’s part has been shamefully 
overcomo by some little sin or some secret 
temptation. The sudden irritation and the 
stinging word carelessly spoken in the domes¬ 
tic circle, the chafing and trying episodes in 
the tedious routine of our daily work, these 
are the times that prove and weigh our man¬ 
hood more than any other. 
The only lesson of Christ’s second coming 
which the Scriptures emphasize is that of 
watchfulness. Christ will come to judge the 
world and reward bis saints; therefore watch. 
The use of this doctrine was to emphasize the 
duty of faithful, unfailing Christian service... 
Tuk unrevealed heroism in the world is oue 
of the chief things. All the tragedies are not 
to be seen at the theaters, but often by stay¬ 
ing at home they may lie witnessed. . . . 
Charity, self-denial, burden-bearing, are not 
announced by trumpet or by newspaper, but 
human life is full of Christian examples of he¬ 
roism and self-sacrifice . 
Will you say that there are no real stars, 
because you sometimes see meteors fall, which 
for a time appeared to be stars? Will you 
suy that blossoms never produce fruit, be¬ 
cause many of them fall off, and some fruit 
which appeared sound is rotten? Equally ab¬ 
surd is it to say there is uo such thing as real 
religion, because many who profess it fall 
away, or prove to lie hypocrites in heart. 
A MAN is the happier Lor life from having 
once an agreeable tour, or lived for any length 
ot time with pleasant people, or enjoyed any 
considerable interval of innocent pleasures... 
Great efforts from great motives is the best 
definition of a happy life. The easiest labor is 
a burden to him who has uo motive for per¬ 
forming it. 
Aristotle affirms that the true nature of 
riches consists iu the contented use of aud em¬ 
ployment in the things we have, rather than in 
the possession of them... 
If we hope for what we are not likely to 
possess, we act aud think iu vain, aud make 
Wtien Baby was sick, we gave ber Castorla 
When she was a Child, she cried for Castorla, 
When she became Miss, she clung to Castorla, 
When she had Children, sh >. gave them Castorla. 
