THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
and prices are lower than over known, fine 
Bartletts selling here at $1 per bushel. But as 
compared with the generally depressed prices 
of farm products, the fruit growers of Wes¬ 
tern Michigan congratulate themselves for 
their prosperous business in the past, present, 
and future. 
Benton Harbor. w. A. B. 
SETH BOYDEN’S TREATMENT OF 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS. 
Much has been said about the cultiva¬ 
tion of the strawberry by potted plants aud 
runners. Mr. Seth Boyden succeeded at 
strawberry culture. I was in his employ for 
several years and knew him many more. 
Here are some of his views in regard to trans¬ 
planting the plants and cultivating for fruit 
Mr. Boyden’s chief object in life was origin¬ 
ality. He never wanted auything that other 
people had. He hever wanted to do as others 
did. He earned out this principle in every¬ 
thing he could. In the cultivation of straw¬ 
berries his chief delight was in seedlings. He 
claimed that he could tell from the time the 
plants put forth their second leaf, which 
would produce flue fruit and which would be 
worthless. I think he rarely ever made a mis¬ 
take. When asked what kind of soil ho pre¬ 
ferred, his answer invariably was, “ a mod¬ 
erately rich, well pulverized, firm soil,” and 
that was all they could get out of him. With 
regard to transplanting, he held it should be 
done just as soon as the plants (always run¬ 
ners) had roots enough to sustain themselves. 
If the weather was unfavorable he would wa¬ 
ter and shade a few days. He never could en¬ 
dure the idea of cramping, cutting or wouud- 
ing the roots in any way, for he said such 
treatmeut always retarded the growth of the 
vine and injured the fruit. His next point 
was always to protect his plants in winter 
with rotten tan bark. I asked him why he 
chose that material; his reply was that it af¬ 
forded the best protection and it was also a 
valuable fertilizer. I have experimented with 
plants myself and I find it is next to death to 
them tei cramp the roots in any way, heuce I 
never use potted plants, especially if they are 
in pots of the size used by florists. Such 
cramping is against the laws of nature, and 
especially against the health of the strawber¬ 
ry plant. J. P. 
Kingston, N. J. 
fbricitllitral. 
A GOOD WAY TO BUD ROSES. 
Every one who has grown many sorts of 
roses has learned that there are some kinds 
that are very difficult to grow well when on 
their own roots. The Marticbal Niel, that 
best of all roses, is perhaps the most difficult 
to make grow well eveu iu a greenhouse, ex¬ 
cept when worked on some other stock. 
Haviug tried for some time to grow this rose 
without getting growth enough to bloom , I 
thought of working it on another stock, but 
knowing that budded roses are usually apt 
to send up sprouts from the stock, l delayed 
doing so until observing that the Amadis 
(Crimsou Borsault) was a vigorous grower 
with long-jointed wood that roots very readily 
from cuttings, I decided to use this for stocks. 
I make the cuttings with ouly one joint, and 
when they are rooted, I pot them iu three-inch 
pots. When these are lull of roots, I insert 
buds immediately beneath the bud on the 
stock, and far enough down so that when the 
stock is cut oil there will be uo bud left on the 
stock. Thus I have my roses growing ou 
foreign stocks which eauuot by any pos¬ 
sibility send up a troublesome sprout. At the 
time of budding I shorten in the stock to 
help set the bud. Also at the time of budding 
I shift the plants to larger pots. In about two 
weeks, I cut back the stocks severely to divert 
the sap to the inserted bud, and when this be¬ 
gins to swell l remove the tying. 
When the bud has made three or four inches 
of growth, the stock is out off close dowu to it. 
In this way l have some Marshal Niel roses 
iu four-iueh pots, that tire growing finely, with 
healthy foliage: while my two-year-old Miute- 
chal Niel ou its own roots has not yet out¬ 
grown a six-inch pot, aud the leaves have a 
yellowish, sickly look. I chose the Amadis be¬ 
cause it was at hand. Very likely there are 
other sorts of roses equally as good, and per¬ 
haps better. Caroline Goodrich is a vigorous 
grower, makes long joints, roots readily aud 
has au abundance of small roots. I shall try it. 
Grand Isle, Vt. J.T. macomber. 
BRUNSV1UIA JOSEPH IN JE. 
This regal plant flourishes here iu the open 
ground with uo protection save a shovelful or 
so of litter thrown over the spot where the 
bulb hibernates. With only such protection, 
mine stood the severe cold spell of two years 
ago, though the mercury registered 13 degrees 
above zero. One now in bloom in my garden 
stands about five feet high, itssword-like leaves 
being about five inches in width. The color is 
a deep, shining green, making it a highly or¬ 
namental plant, independent of its flowers. As 
is usual with this species, the flower-scape 
shoots out from the side of the plant a little 
above the ground, and grows rapidly to ma¬ 
turity. The flower stem is three inches in di¬ 
ameter and about four feet high. It is neces¬ 
sary to stake it to prevent damage from sud¬ 
den winds. The stem is crowned with a large 
bunch of Amarylis-like flowers. Mine, a 
young plant, had 38 individual blooms; but I 
have seen over 100 on one stem. When 
the flower sheath opeus, the buds appear like 
sticks of red sealing-wax about six inches long. 
As they open they form a star-shaped flower 
with petals sl’ghtly recurved; they are a pale 
pink color, and are highly scented. As they 
bloom out nearly at one time, they form a 
very large aud handsome bouquet. The plant 
does not appear to have ajiy insect enemies, 
and is entirely worthy of cultivation when 
oue has room to spare; it will occupy a bed 
five feet iu diameter, and that much space for 
one plant is often an item in a city garden. 
Charleston, S. C. H. P. b. 
A NEW ENEMY TO THE BEET-SUGAR 
INDUSTRY. 
GEN. W. G. LEDUC. 
I doubt if Rural readers generally 
will be interested in anything affecting the 
beet sugar industry, although the production 
of sugar from that or any other source ought 
to be a matter of interest to every agricultur¬ 
ist ; for the farmer who raises beets or cane 
for sugar must he supplied with bread by the 
grain raisei-, and the price of every article of 
necessity should lie of interest to purchasers, 
and in the way of diffusion of general knowl¬ 
edge it may interest others,as it has myself,to 
know that a formidable parasite has appeared 
in the beet growing countries of Europe, 
which is making trouble and expense to the 
growei-s of beets and may seriously affect the 
production of sugar from beets, and conse¬ 
quently increase the price of cane sugar. This 
parasite was discovered (as I leax'u from an ar¬ 
ticle by M. Aitne Girard, published in the Bul¬ 
led n dex Seances de la Sociclc National D'Ag¬ 
riculture) by Mr. Sehaeht, of Bonn, and is 
commonly called Nematode, the scientific 
name being Heterodei'a Schachtii. 
Foi 25 to 30 years the beet growers of Saxe 
Royale have suffered a decrease of crops year 
by year, aud the harvest in more than one 
locality fell off from 10,000 to 12,000 kilo¬ 
grammes per hectare—[about 4}* to five tons 
per acre.— Eds.] This was attributed to vari¬ 
ous causes, but uo one understood the case 
until Mr. Sehaeht demonstrated the presence 
of this parasite, and that it established itself 
upon the roots and interferred with their de¬ 
velopment, aud finally caused the death of 
the beet. 
This discovery was made in 18S4, aud the 
study of the insect has continued through ’35 
and ’8t> to the present time, observations being 
made not only of the habits and life history 
of the insect, but of its influence upon crops, 
its methods aud rapidity of propagation and 
the best means of destroying it. The con¬ 
clusions arrived at, when published, will make 
those interested iu obtaining further informa¬ 
tion on the outlook for it, and the publication 
of a brief notice of this discovei'y of Mr. 
Sehaeht may stimulate inquiry into the 
habits of other miuute parasitic enemies whose 
destructive work is attributed to other causes. 
CONCLUSION. 
1. The development of these nematodes 
through the beets shows itself by the perishing 
of the plants in circular spots which gradu¬ 
ally increase; the leaves fade and grow yel¬ 
low, blacken aud sometimes break down. 
The appearance of these spots should be very 
carefully watched. 
2 Ou the root, often cut at the point, 
geuei’ally at the little end, the beards 
are stunted, the roots shywing themselves 
covered with these little white spots one-half a 
millemetre or a milletre in diameter. These 
white points are themothers of the nematodes, 
full of eggs. 
3. Iu the growth of the uematodes the em¬ 
ployment of compost complementary gives to 
the beets a remarkable resistance. 
4. To avoiil the propagation of this evil, the 
farmer should wash his tools and machines 
carefully after using them in a field infected 
by uematodes. 
It is very necessary A t'any expense to avoid 
carrying to a clean field the mud from these 
machines. And this mud should not be left 
in the work house, hut should be submitted to 
the vapor of the escaping steam from the 
water in which the tools were cleansed, and 
this water should be at boiling point and 
it is important to destroy the dung of animals 
which have been fed upon these nematode- 
infested beets, unless the beets have been sub¬ 
jected to 70° or 80° in the manufacture of 
sugar. This degree of heat will destroy the 
nematodes. 
5. As soon as an infected spot is noticed the 
cultivator ought to inject into the soil by the 
aid of proper instruments at this spot and all 
around to the extent of two metres “sulphur 
of carbon” a dose of 300 grammes per metre, 
counting 30 injections to each square metre— 
death of the beet ou the part thus treated is 
sure indication of the death of the nematode. 
Dakota Co., Minn. 
farm 0rxmatm$. 
A HANDY FODDER STAND. 
Fig. 343 shows a device for drawing fodder 
or corn and fodder, and it is more convenient 
than any other I have ever seen or heard of. 
Its great advantage is that a very large load 
can he put on it. One man can load it just as 
conveniently as more, and it is very cheap. 
A A are scantlings or poles of any desired 
length, each having two two-inch holes for 
the standards, C C C C, and three two-inch 
holes for the cross-pieces, B B B. The stand¬ 
ards may be as high as one may wish. The 
cross-pieces should be the width of your 
wagon. 
E is a board two inches thick, and ought 
not to be less than 14 inches wide and 12 feet 
long, with a three-quarter-inch hole in one 
end and with cleats nailed across to step ou. 
F is a piece of scantling two by four inches, 
spiked to the side-pieces just iu front of the 
hind staudards, having a three-quarter-inch 
hole iu the middle. E is attached to F by a 
f^-inch bolt dropped through the hole in the 
end of E and middle of F; the other end of E 
drags on the ground. The bottom of the bed 
is made of loose plank laid on the cross-pieces 
B. 
Take an armful of fodder, walk up the 
plank, lay it across the bed at the front end, 
put the next armful on top of the first with 
the butts in the opposite direction. Begin un¬ 
loading at the hind end of the wagon, and 
continue to load till the space between the 
standards are full. In this way it is not 
necessary to step on the fodder at all. 
Ogden, Ind. J. n. h. 
CONVENIENT FEEDING BIN. 
I use the arrangement shown at Fig. 842, 
with much satisfaction. A is a large grain 
bin on the second story of the barn. A small 
spout, B, runs down to the floor of the first 
Fig. 342. 
story, where a small bin, C, is fixed on ttic 
floor. This small bin is not iu the way as a 
large one would be. The bin A is filled with 
meal or grain, and this keeps C constantly 
filled without any further labor. 
C. J. PATTON. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
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askinc a question, please see If It Is not answered in 
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BROKEN WIND IN A HORSE. 
C. E. E ., Canton , III. —I had a mare which 
was what some would call wind-brokeD. The 
trouble began when she was three years old; 
after working or traveling one or two hours, 
she would pant like a sheep in very hot weath¬ 
er. When five years old she dropped a foal 
which is now two years old, and it is troubled 
in the same way. When it runs or plays it 
pants like its dam. Is there any remedy ? 
ANSWERED BY F. L. K1LBORNE. 
From your description we are unable to say 
whether your animals have the heaves (also 
called broken wind), or some obstruction in 
the air passages. If the former, remedial 
treatmeut is very unsatisfactory. The symp¬ 
toms may by gi'eatly relieved, or almost en¬ 
tirely removed in a few cases of young 
animals, by giving special attention to the 
diet. Feed very little dry, coarse, fodder and 
more grain. Poor or musty fodder of any 
kind must not be given; when possible, feed 
mostly on grass, good corn fodder, roots, 
potatoes, etc., with a sufficient quantity of 
grain to keep the animals in condition. A 
small quantity of well-dusted Timothy hay 
may be fed, preferable mostly at night. All 
hay as well as other dry or dusty feed should 
be dampened. A still better method is to cut 
the hay, mix the ground feed with it and give 
the whole slightly dampened. From one to 
three pecks of the loose cub hay aud three to 
eight quarts of ground feed, according to the 
size and condition of the animals, will make an 
excellent ration for them. The ground feed 
may consist of equal parts by weight of 
ground oats, corn meal and wheat bran or 
middlings, with one-fourth part oilnxeal or 
ground linseed cake. Of course these propor¬ 
tions may be varied to suit circumstances. 
Allow water frequently in moderate quanti¬ 
ties, and always before feeding the grain 
instead of after. An excellent method is to 
always have a bucket of water before them. 
Do not work immediately after a full feed or 
drink. If the difficulty is due to some ob¬ 
struction in the air passage a personal exam¬ 
ination would be necessary to ascertain the 
exact cause. Such animals should not be 
used for breeding purposes, since their off¬ 
springs are very liable to be similarly affected 
or so predisposed that they soon become 
affected. 
POLL EVIL. 
A. J., Lincoln . N. J, —My mare has been 
troubled with poll evil for several months, 
not badly, but a little matter has been con¬ 
stantly discharged. About two months ago 
it apparently healed, but a week ago it began 
to discharge more than ever. I wash it twice 
a day and apply diluted carbolic acid. There 
is no swelling and the hole is so small that it 
is impossible to get acid into it. What should 
be the treatment? 
Ans. —Probe the opening in order to ascer¬ 
tain the depth of the sac and also to see if 
there are more than one, which is very likely 
to be the case. Then make a free incision to 
the base of the sac, to allow the pus to 
escape. Another method is to pass a seton 
out at the base of the sac to form a drainage 
for the pus. The tape should be tied iu until 
healing is well advanced, then gradually 
drawn out and left haugiug from the bottom, 
as the wouud heals from above downward. 
The method of free incision is usually prefer¬ 
able, however. If possible employ a compe¬ 
tent veterinary surgeon to probe and open the 
sacs. With the sacs all laid open so that you 
are able to reach the whole of the diseased 
surface with your dressing, a speedy recovery 
may usually be expected. Continue the 
diluted carbolic acid wash daily, or use chlo¬ 
ride of zinc—one dram in a quart of water— 
the zinc will probably be best at first, the car¬ 
bolic acid better after healiug has begun. In 
dressing make sure that the diseased surface 
is reached. During the treatment the animal 
should be kept indoors and fed ouly from a 
high rack, so as to keep the head elevated. 
Even after recovery the auimal should not be 
turned to pasture or fed from a low rack for 
at least a year. Low stables and doorways, 
where the animal will bruise the poll by 
throwing up the head, should be avoided. 
The over-draw check should not be used. 
Very little can be done in the way of treating 
the case internally. Simply keep the animal 
