4887 
THE RURAL REW-VORKEft. 648 
GLANDERS. 
DR. F. L. KILBORNE. 
Within a few years glanders and its milder 
variation, farcy, have become very prevalent 
in many parts of the country. On some of 
the great Western ranches or stock farms it 
is becoming especially prevalent. In many 
of our larger cities and more thickly popu¬ 
lated rural districts the disease exists to an 
alarming extent. It undoubtedly exists in 
every State and Territory in the Uniou, and 
in nearly every county or city of any consid¬ 
erable size and population. Outbreaks have 
been reported the past year in the States of 
New York, New Jersey, Illinois, Nebraska, 
California and others. 
The disease is of a specific, malignant, con¬ 
tagious type, developed in the horse, ass and 
mule, and readily communicated by conta- 
giou or inoculation to man and to all the do¬ 
mestic animals except cattle, swine and fowls. 
A specific infecting virus has not beeu iso¬ 
lated, although it is generally believed that 
there is such a pathogenic organism. There is 
abundant evidence to show the contagious 
nature of the disease; but its spontaneous 
origin, while conceded by most writers, has 
not beeu satisfactorily demonstrated. 
Glanders proper is commonly developed in 
two forms, the nasal and the pulmonary. The 
former is the more common form, but the lat¬ 
ter is often more dangerous because of the 
deep-seated lesions and the difficulty of diag 
nosis. In the nasal form diagnosis is usually 
comparatively easy, the peculiar lesions and 
ulceration being very characteristic. Occa¬ 
sionally, however, the nasal lesions are so 
high up that they cannot be swam, or are not 
sufficiently marked to be readily recognized, 
in which case direct diagnosis may again be¬ 
come very difficult. 
Farcy, or as it might more properly be 
called skin-glunders, is characterized by the 
same glanderous deposits and ulceration of the 
lympathics, mostly of the skin. 
Chronic glanders is the most common form 
of the disease resulting from contagion, al¬ 
though acute cases are by no means rare. 
Frequently the disease may run its course for 
weeks, months, or eveu years, all the time 
scattering infecting material for other horses, 
before its true naturu is suspected. The form 
of the disease resulting from direct inocula¬ 
tion is usually acute and rapidly fatal. 
It is In view of the fact that this disease is 
readily transmissible to man, in whom it ap¬ 
pears in a loathsome,malignant form, so inva¬ 
riably fatal,that it becomes_of special import¬ 
ance to us, and should receive ail possible 
attention to prevent its wider dissemination. 
Every few mouths there occurs a case of 
glanders in man, due to bnadling or treating 
glandered auimals. Since the contagious, 
fatal nature of the disease is quite generally 
known, it seems strange that people w ill con¬ 
tinually run the risk of infection by doctor¬ 
ing glandered horses, merely to prolong the 
life of a worse thau useless animal iu the vaiu 
hope of thereby saving a few dollars. I say 
worse than useless, because a horse already 
infected with glanders is not only very 
dangerous to the attendant, but also to all 
horses with which he may come iu contact or 
which may be brought in contact with the 
glanderous discharges. Sooner or later the 
disease is almost certain to prove fatal. 
Veterinary practitioners treat or handle all 
infected or suspicious cases with the greatest 
possible care to avoid contracting the disease. 
Eveu with these precautions the veterinary 
surgeon occasionally becomes inoculated. 
How much more dangerous it must thou be 
for the uou-professional man, who does not 
and is not expected to kuow the safeguards 
against inoculation. 
Considering the incurable and highly cou- 
taglous nature of the disease, every possible 
prucautiou should be taken to prevent its 
spreading. Treatment of eveu a mild form 
or of the farcy type should bo prohibited by 
State or national laws. All such animals 
should be shot and deeply buried as soou 
as the disease is recognized; aud the vol¬ 
untary exposure in a public place or the 
offering for sale of an animal suspected or 
known to be glandered should be punishable 
by heavy flue or imprisonment. 
OUR INDUSTRIAL COLLEGES. 
There is no subject upon which the Rural 
touches of more interest to me than that re¬ 
lating to these colleges, and I read the occa¬ 
sional articles which appear, always hoping 
that some one will take up the vital poiuts 
concerned iu their existence aud success ; 4 but 
when I read a remark such as that made by 
Professor Thorne in a late issue, to the effect 
that an industrial college cannot live beside a 
university, I feel a twinge of disappointment. 
I am afraid many others think as he does, and 
that this is one reason why farm school*have 
not succeeded better. I have attended one of 
them, and would be sorry to think that it was 
not as desirable and fruitful to cultivate mind 
and hand there as to pursue the courses of a 
university. If Professor Thorne’s statement 
is really true, then there must be something 
about the industrial courses that is not good 
aud which will not bear contrasting with its 
competitor, that is in some way unworthy of 
the aspirations of our best students. If this 
is so, then those young people at college are 
not to be blurned for choosing such lines of 
study as they do, and it explains why indus¬ 
trial courses have remaiued so unpopular. If 
these colleges cannot live near a university 
they will never progress, for it is impossible 
in any of the States t-o get away from univer¬ 
sity influences. 
But I do not regard Mr. Thorne’s position as 
being the right one in this matter. That in¬ 
dustrial college atinexes have not succeeded I 
admit, nor are the independent colleges the 
success that is to be hoped for ; but unquestion¬ 
ably this is from causes other than the value or 
respectability of the work it is their duty to 
do. Poor courses of study, no encouragement 
to those who would value such au education, 
aud last, but surely not least, instructors who 
are incompetent aud have no iuterest or 
respect for their work, are among the causes. 
A true industrial education is as meritorious 
as any other, and when to our earnest students 
from the farm or workshop are open courses 
of study as broad, liberal and useful as any 
others there will be no difficulty in getting 
them to take them. 
It is, perhaps, uufortuuate that the work of 
industrial schools has been so hastily judged. 
This line of education is yet so new that a 
large part of the work which has been and is 
being done is something in the nature of an 
experiment. There is not the experience of 
centuries to show in what there is a demand 
for, as is the case with other colleges, but 
everything has to be done auew. All plans 
have to be advanced ami tried before they cau 
be pronounced upon, aud so far the right or 
very successful ones do not seem to have beeu 
found. But a body of men throughout the 
countary have been led to give the subject 
their thoughts and have become earnest and 
enthusiastic supporters of its cause. They be¬ 
lieve that the work is respectable aud, more, 
that it is the peer of auy other. The question 
with them is of getting it placed on such a 
basis that its merits aud possibilities are right¬ 
ly appreciated, but in doing this the univer¬ 
sity must be considered as a co worker for a 
broader culture aud not as a competitor or 
enemy. L. e. b. 
Lincoln, Neb. 
iXTiscflUncoiis. 
SHORT, PITHY PARAGRAPHS. 
In no department where labor is the source 
of profit is there a greater necessity for fru¬ 
gality than in the management of the farm. 
Give quick attention to small matters. The 
profits of the farm are too often consumed in 
repairing needless waste. 
Save your seed corn before the frosts touch 
it. Your corn is adapted to your soil. 
Weeds will demoralize the corn aud other 
crops. Do not plant more land than you can 
thoroughly cultivate. 
The improvident farmer is often one who 
frets, crowds and is in terrible earnest 
throughout the entire year, but a large frae- 
tiou of his profits go to waste through misdi¬ 
rected energy. 
The general farmer should not purchase a 
pedigree herd. “The luxury is too expen¬ 
sive.” Keep good dairy cows, but do uot 
speculate. It will pay, however, to grade up 
by securing the services of a pure-bred bull of 
the best breed for each farmer’s position. 
Selling off the young stock is giving a 
largo share of the profits of the farm to the 
purchaser. Don’t do it. 
Prepare your seed-bod Just as your wife 
prepures tho bed on which you rest. Your 
bi d requires stirring and airing. So dot's 
your soil. Results—air from above aud mois¬ 
ture from below will bring good aud early 
crops. 
In plowiug, do uot “cut and cover,” or 
your seed will have a hard bed, and you a 
poor crop. 
Farmers should adopt diversified farming 
as a protection agaiust loss by the failure of a 
special crop. Dou’t expaud too rapidly. 
Farmers should be quick to catch [the first 
suggestions in regard to progressive methods 
of farming. Watch the reports. They may 
be found in the agricultural journals. Read 
them. 
Some farmers have a thirst for trading 
horses. The time consumed results in a limit¬ 
ed area of crops and vastly poorer ones. 
Money paid in horse trading is sunk below 
the point marked by lead and line. Your 
time is of more value on the farm than both 
old horses. 
A garden without a grapevine, a patch 
of raspberries aud a bed of delicious straw¬ 
berries, is like a farm without a garden. 
Secure both and give them some attention. 
Work that can be done in a rainy day 
should not be deferred to a future time. The 
storm is your opportunity. 
Care should be exercised iu employing farm 
labor. A hireling that will flee when the 
wolf cometh, reject. Good and reliable men 
command good wages. Employ no others. 
Farmers should say to their boys and hired 
men, “Come, boys,” and not “Go, boys.” 
They are like sheep; they will follow a good 
leader. Good farming requires one. 
Set apart one-half day in April and one in 
October and gather up the “remnants of 
wasted life and vegetable corpses which are 
ready for cremation.” 
Leave wood and water in the house that 
dinner be not delayed. Your meals should 
be at regular hours. 
If you would have promptness in the house 
be prompt out of it. 
Farmers cannot keep up their “ evener” 
without reading the agricultural papers. 
Your branch of farming “will be made easy” 
and successful by knowing how other good 
farmers manage. 
Farmers, plan your work and then work 
up to your plan. System in farming, like the 
solar system, moves without friction. Plan 
your rotation of crops ahead. 
Farmers should save their straw and not 
burn it. It cau be utilized iu various ways. 
The most important is providing shelter for 
young stock—in the West. 
Farmers should furnish their pigs with 
shade aud water in warm weather. If possi¬ 
ble let them have a run under some low- 
branching trees where the cool air will circu¬ 
late. Feuce cornel's do not furnish sufficient 
shade. « 
Rear a monument in 1887 or ’88 by planting 
a good tree and a grapevine. It will be a 
fruitful monument. 
If you have a large range divide it and 
alternate. Grass, like children, must have a 
chance to grow. 
Gather your coru before cold weather sets 
in. Stop for nothing but Sunday. 
Is your machinery iu the field ? How long 
has it been there ? Where is the shed t 
Farmers that purchase a limited supply of 
garden vegetables of gardeners, or continue 
their winter bill-of-fare into summer, make a 
mistake, the burden of which falls on their 
families. 
Husband your time when in your market 
town and spend an hour or two in the garden. 
The housewife has claims that the outdoor 
manager is bound to respect. 
Fuel should be provided iu wiuter for the 
summer months. The busy season will reuder 
it difficult to fill that bilL Later in the wiuter 
it can bo prepared in quantity ready for use. 
Be a prompt aud thrifty fanner. 
Farmers should co-operate in gaining a 
social standing commensurate with their im- 
, portauce in furnishing the supplies of the 
world. The moral force that would establish 
them iu their true position is wanting, to some 
extent, iu the rural districts everywhere. 
Here are some specimeus of the work of 
“confidence men in the country” last Satur¬ 
day. They are clipped from three different 
papers issued here last -Sunday, and illustrate 
the modus operandi of these swindlers as de¬ 
scribed in a late Eye-Opener. No doubt simi¬ 
lar accouuts of other swindles appeared the 
same day in other papers all over tho country, 
and more than half those that are perpetrated 
never appear at all. During the week the 
E.-O has collected a number of like clippings 
from pa pel's published here and elsewhere; 
but these will do as fair specimens of the 
others, aud serve to indicate the large amount 
of swiudliug of this sort done throughout the 
entire couutry every day of the week. 
A telegraph to the[.Suu] from Easton,Pa., 
said: “Samuel Wyker,of upper Tinicum town¬ 
ship, Bucks County, was yesterday swindled 
out of $3,000 by sharpers. He is an old 
farmer, who has some money and a good 
credit. Two strangers appeared at bis place 
and talked to him about buying a farm. 
They wanted to go into stock raising. They 
got Wyker thoroughly interested and then 
they began talking cards. At length a bet 
was made by one of the men and taken by the 
other. The first man won so easily that 
Wyker was led into the game. He won $5 
and $10 at a time, and became greatly inter¬ 
ested. The cards ran so much in his favor 
that he was led to bet high, and he was told 
that he had won $3,000, but the men wouldn’t 
give up the money until they bad learned 
whether or not Wyker had $3,000 to pay in 
case he had lost. Of course, Wyker had it: 
if he did uot he could get it. He went to 
Freuehtown, drew $1,300 of his bank account 
and obtained $1,700 on a note at the Union 
National Bank. Then he crossed the river 
and started for Tinicum. On the way a 
stranger met him and began a conversation. 
It resulted in a bet. Wyker lost his $3,000, 
and away the scoundrel went. When Wyker 
came to look for his other friends he found 
that they, too,had disappeared. The trio took 
the train at Frenchtown. Samuel Wyker is 
84 years of age, and the loss of the money 
affects him greatly. He is a eongeuial old 
gentleman and those who kuow him will be 
surprised that he should fall so rapidly into 
the trap. Three years ago, Lewis Dixon, an 
aged man, living 43 miles from Wyker, was 
swindled out of $3,000 in a similar manner. 
Last year John Fulmer, of Nazareth, was in¬ 
duced to draw $5,000 from the hank to en¬ 
gage in a game. There were three in the 
party, one of whom accompanied him to the 
bank. When they met the other two Ful¬ 
mer produced the money. One of the men 
grabbed it, covered him with a pistol, and 
both jumped into a buggy aud drove off. 
The third man told Fulmer to get out of his 
buggy and watch which way the men went 
and he would follow them iu the buggy. Ful¬ 
mer did so, and that was the last of the swin¬ 
dlers.” 
A telegram to the Tribune from Urbana, 
Ohio, said: “Harvey Kenton, a wealthy 
farmer near this place, was swindled out of 
$3,200 by sharpers by the gold brick 
game.” The men made good their escape 
and wrote Kenton from New York to tell 
him the brick cost $7, and that they were sorry 
for him. The “gold brick game” is usually 
placed on store-keepers and townsmen. This 
is only the third account the E —O. has seen 
where it has been played upon farmers. The 
swindler pretends he has a brick of gold for 
sale; or he merely wants to borrow money on 
it. Generally, because it has been stolen, or 
made by melting down stolen grid. or on some 
other grounds for secrecy, he is willing to dis¬ 
pose of it at a figure much below its real value. 
There is always a good deal of sham mystery 
about the matter. Finally, when the rascal 
has worked upon the cupidity of his dupe 
long enough, the gold brick is shown. It is 
made of lead or some other heavy metal with 
a thiu layer of gold on the outside. Generally 
in one corner or some other spot, the gold is 
laid on pretty thick, and filings are taken off 
here, by means of which the quality of the 
brick is tested. The dupe takes these to a 
worker in gold, or somebody who can tell as 
to its quality. He is Informed that the filings 
are gold of an excellent quality, and straight¬ 
way he pays down a big sum for the leaden 
brick, always uuder the impression that he 
has got much more than the value of his 
money. He soon finds out, however, that 
the “biter has been bit.” 
A telegram to the Times from Newburg, 
N. Y., said: “ A gang of confidence opera¬ 
tors are ‘ working’ the threadbare note 
swindle in counties aloug the Hudson River, 
aud their victims are principally well-to-do 
farmers. Tho swindlers have two commodi¬ 
ties to sell—a patent right fora well pump aud 
a new hay-rake. They are offered at ridicu¬ 
lously low prices; a loug time is given in which 
to pay the bill, and no interest is charged. 
The victim is asked to sign an agreement that 
when the goods are shipped they will be taken 
out of the express office. Iu due lime the 
agreement turns up as a note, in value from 
$50 to $300, in the hands of an innocent hold¬ 
er, the note meanwhile having been negoti¬ 
ated by a confederate of the swindlers. The 
victims naturally protest vigorously and say 
they will spend hundreds of dollars in court 
before they will be robbed, but usually a com¬ 
promise is effected. It is not claimed: in any 
case that the names have been forged, though 
how the notes are cleverly substituted for toe 
supposed agreements is uot stated. Yester¬ 
day several farmers in Orange and Dutchess 
Counties quietly paid notes on a basis of 50 
cents on a dollar. They dislike to pose in the 
rOle of innocents, yet they bite at the device 
of nearly every swindler that comes along 
when they think there is an opportunity to 
get something for a soug. These particular 
confidence men were last heard of in Colum¬ 
bia County. They have pleasant‘manners and 
they know their business thoroughly.” 
