67§ 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
OCT 8 
PEARS IN NEW ENGLAND. 
T. H. HOKKINH, M. D. 
For all of New England where it will stand 
the winter, which Includes Connecticut, Ilhode 
field and cutting as planted, one is sure of a 
crop as far as getting a stand from first-class 
seed goes. w - c - 
Growth less compact and branches longer. 
Not so prolific; keeps until January. 
Mazelli (Fig. 364).—Synonym: Miyo-tan. 
Fig. 365. 
Round, flattened, deeply ribbed, very dark 
orange or vermillion, 3!./ inches by .! inches, 
average weight, 7 ounces, but attaining some¬ 
times 16 ounces. Flesh deep red, very sweet 
and excellent, edible while still solid and quite 
free from astriogency. Nearly always seed¬ 
less. Matures at the end of September to 
November. Growth vigorous. 
Minokaki (Fig. 300).— Oblong, with a sharp 
Fig. 366. 
apex and fleshy protuberances at the base, and 
with heavy calyx. Bright-red, flesh-red, 
sweet, good. Not edible until Novemlier. 
Growth vigorous and foliage very long. A 
few seeds arc occasionally found. 
Okamk (Fig. 307).—Synonym: Oblong lliya- 
Fig. 367. 
kurne, Mikado of early importations. The 
variety received for years under this name 
differs in shape from that figured by the Ag¬ 
ricultural Bureau of Tokio. For Okame, as 
wo grow it, they give a round shaped fruit; 
while their Shimo-shiradzu may prove our 
Okume. Oblong, sometimes broader at the 
apex than at the base— 2)4 by 3)4 inches and 
slightly ribbed. Pale orange-red; average 
weight seven ounces. Flesh brown-red; edible 
when still‘sol id. Maturity from end of Octo¬ 
ber to end of November. Growth rather 
dwarf; very prolific. 
Costata (Fig. 368).—Received from France 
Fig. 308. 
under that name and quite distinct in growth. 
Very large, oblong, apex variable; sometimes 
very acute, and again quite blunt; aver¬ 
age size 2)4 by 3 )4 inches, and weighs five 
ounces (specimen outlined was grown at Beau¬ 
fort, 8. C., and weighed 13 ounces) with a few 
ribs starting from base and going upward. 
Light orange or yellowish, according to soils. 
Keeps late, and is not edible until November. 
Tree an upright grower, not prolific. Foliage 
very large aud deep dark green. 
Ko-Tsuhu (Fig. 309).—Synonym, Yama- 
Fig. 369. 
tsuru-no-ko. Small, oblong, with sharp apex, 
sometimes slightly necked at base, calyx 
large; bright vermillion, 2 by 2)4 inches. 
Flesh red, rich and excellent when house-rip¬ 
ened. Keeps late Very prolific. Trees reg¬ 
ular but moderate grower, witn oblong seeds. 
Zenou (Fig. 370).—Synonym, Ziugi. The 
Fig. 370 
smallest of the list. Nearly globular, deep 
red; average two inches, and weighs three 
ounces. Flesh quite dark: sometimes of a ma¬ 
hogany color; very sweet, rich; matures dur¬ 
ing September and October. Growth rather 
dwarf; very prolific; seeds half nu inch long; 
scarce. 
Goshiyo-Gaki (Fig. 371).—Medium size, 
Fig. 371, 
2)4 inches; nearly globular; yellow. Good 
quality, matures early. Tree of rather dwarf 
growth, 
Hachiya (Fig. 372).—Oblong; resembles 
Costata in shape and quality, but Somewhat 
different in growth. Keeps late. Produces a 
few seeds occasionally. 
Augusta, Ga. 
YELLOWS IN THE PEACH. 
Prefers yellow peaches; its appearance in 
Canada; its extretnely contagious nature; 
examples; fruit of diseased trees in¬ 
nocuous; official inspectors of yellows; the 
plague “runs out"; its antiquity. 
In a very full (wiper on the yellows, written 
for the Toronto Globe by one who has evi¬ 
dently observed aud studied this pestilence of 
the pencil orchard very closely, it is stated 
that, like the black-knot, which atfcnekBchiefly 
the purple plums and red Morello cherries, 
the yellows shows a preference for the yellow 
sorts of peach, rarely attacking the whito- 
fleshod sorts, or the new kinds derived from 
Hale’s Early. It is said that the disease made 
its first appearance in Canada but three years 
ago, and already not a single orchard in Stam¬ 
ford township is free from it. It was not re¬ 
cognized ut first. The peculiar markings and 
very early apparent ripeness excited greut ex¬ 
pectations, aud the disease was distributed 
through au eager demand for the pits, which 
JAPANESE PERSIMMONS. 
PRES. P. .T. BERCKMANS. 
(Concluded.) 
Varieties ; descriptions ; confusion in the 
nomenclature ; correct outlines. 
Like all other cultivators of this fruit who 
have imported trees from Japan, 1 find great 
confusion in the nomenclature, as each col¬ 
lection coming from that country differs as to 
names although the varieties are usually the 
same. Hence the same name is often found 
to apply to several varieties, or one variety 
has several names. In the illustrated circu¬ 
lar published by the seed-raising establish¬ 
ment of the agricultural bureau of Mita, To¬ 
kio, Japan, 45 varieties are outlined but no 
descriptions are given. As many varieties are 
quite similar in shape and size and we have no 
other guide than these drawings to help us, 
very little light is thrown upon the existing 
confused list of names. It is therefore im¬ 
possible to give an accurate nomenclature, 
but the aim has been to arrive at this as nearly 
as possible. The accompanying cuts give the 
correct shapes of the varieties as grown here 
duriug a period of ten years. The drawings 
are exactly one half the size of the fruit. 
Hiyakome (Figs. 301—362). — Synonyms: 
Fig. 302. 
a few shallow corrugations extending half way 
from the apex. Average diameter three inches, 
and average weight , nine ounces. Specimens, 
however, are frequently found weighing 10 
ounces. Flesh, soft, deep orange; very sweet; 
ne.a rly al ways seedless. Begins to mulure at the 
end of October aud can be kept until the fol¬ 
lowing March. This is one of the most prolific 
and desirable varieties Growth thrifty and 
compact. While there may be a slight differ¬ 
ence between the varieties given above as its 
synonyms, this may arise from difference in 
locality or soil. 
Kurokumk (Fig. 863),—Very^large,'usually 
Fig. 863. 
flattened; average, 3)4 by three inches, and 
weight 10 ounces; extreme weight, 13 ounces. 
Color aud quality similar to Hiya-kume. 
Fig. 364. 
Round or slightly oblong, 2)4 by 3 inches, 
slightly ribbed, orange-red, average weight, 
ft).; ounces. Exceedingly prolific and must be 
thinned out. Keeps very late, quality best. 
Moderate and compact growth, or dwarf if 
allowed to overbear the first year of pro¬ 
duction. Always seedless. Introduced iu 
Frauce by Dr. Maxell, hence its first name 
under which we cultivated it. 
Among (Fig. 865).—Synonym: Yemon. 
Island, and Massachusetts, and a little of 
Southern Maine, New Hampshire and Ver¬ 
mont, the Bartlett stands unrivaled. Im¬ 
mense quantities of them are grown, njid by 
cold storage their season is prolonged some 
time into the fall. Next to the Bartlett comes 
Fig. 372. 
Clapp’s Favorite, which was at first greatly 
objected to for rotting at the core, but now t hat 
this is obviated without detriment to quality 
oi- color by early picking, it is growing rapidly 
in favor. 
Angoulcme and Anjou are two standard 
autumn pears for New England, being far 
more abundant in the markets than any others 
of their Season, though, singularly enough, a 
good many Vicars also find a market at the 
same time. Flemish Beauty has been very 
popular, but is being driven from cultivation 
by its tendency to crack and spot. It is 
thought that Mr. Macomber’s Flemish Beauty 
seedling, (which he has done me the honor to 
call “Dr. Hoskins”) will bo free from this 
defect. Though not of such perfect form, be. 
ing a little high-shouldered, and without its 
red cheek, this pear is quite equal to its parent 
in size, hardiness, quality and productiveness, 
and should have a trial where that no longer 
succeeds. 
Bose is a popular pear in Southern New 
England, but never plenty. Sheldon is plenty 
in most seasons, but not particularly popular, 
notwithstanding its good quality. Seckel is 
quite abundant, and sells well, its high quali¬ 
ty being appreciated, yet as the time is very 
brief in which that quality exists, most of 
them are eaten at times when it is inferior to 
other pears 
In the more northern parts of New England 
where pears are grown, local varieties of mer¬ 
it are popular. In Maine the Fulton is quite 
plenty, and few pears arc prettier, better or 
more productive. The Goodale and Eastern 
Belle are also popular Maine jears. In New 
Hampshire the Jackson, and in Vermont the 
Grand Lsle, both excellent pears of local ori¬ 
gin, are quite popular. The Onondaga is val¬ 
ued iu those States for its hardiness and pro¬ 
ductiveness, and the Howell is also consider¬ 
ably planted. Nearly every sort of pear can 
be found in thegordens of Eastern Massachu¬ 
setts, hut very few of them are known to the 
general public. Dana’s Hovey, Dearborn, 
Giffard, Lawrence, Furadlse and Hardy are 
in this class, much admired, but rarely seen. 
The winter pears (of which Dana’s Hovey is 
ore of the finest, though so little known) most 
grown in New England are the Catiline—quite 
plenty around Boston, though so very poor— 
Easter Beunc, Columbia (rarely seen), Doy¬ 
enne D’Aleneon, Josephine of Mnlines, Mc¬ 
Laughlin, J’nsse Colmar, Pound (for cooking), 
and Winter Nelis. Of these ouly Winter 
Nelis aud Easter Bourn: are to ho found gen¬ 
erally on sale for eating. The Vicar, though 
called a winter pear, does not last beyond 
Thanksgiving, as a rule. The Pound used to 
bo very abundant, and sold well as a stewing 
pear, but uow it is not easy to get. 
Fig. 361. 
Kumono-uye, Pound, Daidai-maru, Tane- 
nasbi, Seedless. Usually globular, although 
in some specimens the apex is quite sharp (Fig. 
302). Deep orange red, nearly smooth or with 
J 
