THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
from this chamber are from 2Uj to three feet 
high. In baling, the hay is thrown into the 
hopper at the top of the press and there con¬ 
densed and crushed down by the feeder or 
board-like attachment. When once in the 
chamber the mass r»f hay is crushed 
into the smallest possible compass and 
securely bound with stout wires. The intro¬ 
duction of the perpetual press revolutionized 
the business of hay baling. The size of bales 
has been reduced about one half and the work 
is now done in better shape and with greater 
rapidity. The. Reversible Duplex Press is a 
wonderful machine. The power which it de¬ 
velops is surprising, while the space through 
which the horse must travel is reduced. 
A HANDY SMALL BARN. 
The burn shown at Pigs. 426-429 is well 
adapted to the requirements of a small farm. 
Fig. 426 shows the north side ami Fig. 427 the 
front to the east. The back or west side is 
built in a bank on a stone wall, seven feet 
four inches high. This brings the mows, Fig. 
428, on a level with the ground, and loads of 
Work shop 
**9 
N <-<*s 
<*+ 
W.W.-X, 
Open to Roof 
3° + 
Mow 
Mow 
1 _°_ 1 
n 
Fig. 428. 
hay can be easily driven in and unloaded. 
The stalls, Fig. 429, are against this wall, and 
are thus warm and out of the way. The barn¬ 
yard is shelf-Ted from north and west winds. 
The ground plans explaiu the interior ar¬ 
rangement aud give the dimensions. It is 
ouly necessary to say that P, Fig. 429, is a 
pump aud cistern. 
SMALL FRUIT NOTES. 
The Agawam Blackberry has made the 
most vigorous growth and to my taste is the 
best flavored of all the varieties growing in 
our experiment garden. This variety has not 
produced us much fruit this season as has 
either Taylor’s Prolific or Stone’s Hardy. 
Eaki.y Cluster has made loss growth of 
new wood than the Early Harvest, but it 
produced a much greater quantity of fruit. 
Stay man’s Early has done very poorly 
this season. It made a fair growth of new 
wood, but yielded only a few small berries of 
a very poor quality. It seems to be of no 
value here. 
Stone’s Hardy promises well, is product¬ 
ive; berries smaller, but of uearly us good 
flavor as Agawam. 
Taylor’s Prolific was our most product¬ 
ive variety; berries somewhat larger than 
those of Stone’s Hardy. 
Wilson's Early appears to bo of little 
value here, as it winter-killed badly last win¬ 
ter and has made very little growth this sea¬ 
son. It yielded a few very poor berries. 
Wilson, Jr. has done hut little better; ber¬ 
ries few and very poor quality. 
The Mammoth Dewhkkry made a wonder¬ 
ful growth this season, many of the branches 
measuring from 10 to 12 feet In length. It 
bore a few berries, some of which were very 
large aud of beautiful appearance, but the 
flavor was poor. It is very difficult gathering 
the fruit on account of the numerous strong, 
sharp spines and the trailing habit of the 
plants. 1 do not consider it of any value iu 
this locality. 
Baktkll’h is very much the same as the 
Mammoth, only a less vigorous grower. 
Plants of the Lueretia set last spring have 
made a growth of about three feet in length. 
M. H. BECKWITH. 
Ag. Ex. Station, Geueva, N. Y. 
BURYING CABBAGE. 
Fig. 480 shows how Mr. E. L. Denslow, of 
Ashtabula Co., Ohio, stores cabbage for win¬ 
ter use. A piteight inches deep and to four 
feet wide and of the proper length is first dug, 
and boards or slabs are placed at the bottom. 
The cabbages are cut and well trimmed and 
Fig. 430. 
packed in the pit, as shown. Frames of 2x4 
inch scantling are made and placed upright 
iu the put. For a pit Id feet long three of 
these are needed. Fence-boards are nailed to 
these frames, thus forming a complete crate. 
This is covered lightly with straw and then 
with about, four inches of dirt The ends are 
of about eight acres each; balance in 
timber. I am situated 29 miles by railroad 
from Baltimore. I can get 12 cents per gallon 
for new milk. I want to know if the follow¬ 
ing system of farming this laud would bring 
as good results and as much money as any 
other (looking continual^ to the improve¬ 
ment of my land as well); One field contains 
eight acres running up to the baro. Could I 
make this field keep 20 cows by the soiling 
system from May 1 to the last of November? 
The other fields I would farm in rotation. 
First, corn on sod, followed by a patch of oats 
for horse feed ami beans for market, followed 
by wheat, Timothy and clover. Hay would 
be cut two or three years, followed again by 
corn, etc. I would feed my cows on rich food; 
could I make enough manure to fertilize the 
the soiling field sufficiently and have enough 
left to manure my corn-field on sod to be 
turned under, aud top-dress ray wheat-field in 
the fall of each year, and could one man at- 
teud to 20 cows, doing the milkiug, cutting 
feed iu field, hauliug it to the cows aud feed- 
- ' Y?"--. 
BARN PLANS. 
Fig. 426. 
stuffed with straw, which can be removed 
whenever cabbage heads are desired. 
Fruits Out of Season. —In reading about 
the wonderful Earbart Raspberry I am led to 
question whether this habit of fruiting so late 
in the season is of auy practical advantage. 
Can we sell raspberries iu September? Each 
fruit seems to have its season. September is 
so crowded with excellent fruits that it looks 
as though raspberries would have a hard 
chance for sale. H. L. m. 
Wayne Co., Michigan. 
R. N.-Y.—Messrs. Hale Bros, inform us that 
but few Earharts have been placed ou the reg¬ 
ular market, though many orders have been 
iug them, cleaning stables, making manure, 
taking milk to railroad station, etc., and 
would it pay me to keep cows aud sell milk at 
12 cents per gallon net? Would this system 
of farming this little place be as profitable as 
any system of farming I could adopt? 
ANSWERED BY HENRY STEWART. 
Twelve cents a gallon are equal to ?1.33 cents 
per 106 pounds of milk, or for ordinarily good 
milk about 26 cents a pound for butter. As in 
making butter, the sweet skimued milk is left 
for feeding calves, aud is worth at least $o 
for this purpose to f 10 for each good common 
cow, and the butter-milk is worth $5 per cow 
for makmg pork, adding considerably to the 
income, it is clear that it would pay better 
received from summer hotels and restaurants. 
We do not believe there will be any difficulty 
iu disposing of them at any season. Straw 
berries now sell in New York from January 
to October. The development of the Southern 
fruit business has more than doubled the sea 
son for most fruits. If September raspber¬ 
ries were on the market, stewards of hotels 
and restaurants would quickly find the tact 
out, anti prov ide an excellent market. Oue 
thing is certain—the man with a garden spot 
who once tastes raspberries in September will 
be hard to satisfy until he places niwself iu a 
position to enjoy them every year. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
(Every query must lie nccompiuiiml bv the name 
ami mluress i>( the writer 10 Insure attention. Before 
asking a question, please see If II la not answered In 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few question* at 
oue time. Hut quest ions ou aseparate piece of paper.! 
METHOD OF FARMING. 
*4. H. H. y Rayville, Md .—My farm con¬ 
tains 78 acres divided into seven fields 
to make butter than to sell the milk. As re¬ 
gards the main question 75 acres should easily 
support 20 cows and leave 25 acres for grain 
crops. But 30 cows ennuot be fed from 8 
acres under soiling crops, by the most perfect 
system of culture. As a rule oue square rod 
of surface is required for each cow per day of 
the growing season, so that one acre would 
feed 20 cows for eight days, aud if the laud 
produced two crops, eight acres would keep 
10 cows for uo more than 128 days or three 
mouths. Consequently from 16 to 20 acres 
would be needed for the summer support of 
20 cows, in au ordiuary season and iu case of 
unusually dry weather they would not be suffi¬ 
cient. Oue man could easily atteud to 20 
cows, with one good milker to help him at the 
milking. It will take a very good milker to 
milk 10 cows an hour, and this is quite as 
long as should be occupied at this work. 
Oue good man will feed, clean and care for" 
20 cows; haul out the manure, spi-ead it, plow 
the land and put iu the crops, cut the fodder 
and bring it to the barn or feeding lots, if 
the work is brought under a regular system 
by which time is economized. 
To get 78 acres under way by soiling, there 
should be four or five acres of winter rye for 
the first cutting; as much or more in clover; 
aud four m Orchard Grass, leaving six acres 
at least for fodder crops. The rye ground is 
plowed in strips as the crop is cut and planted, 
with early sweet corn which will be ready 
about the end of July when the clover and 
Orchard Grass will be consumed. As this corn 
is cut off, the land should be planted with 
Evergreen sweet corn. The six acres should 
be planted with enough early sweet corn to 
feed through to August, when it is cut aud the 
land is again planted with corn. In this way 
20 acres will supoort the 20 cows easily until 
November or later. Two acres of mangels or 
sugar beets would be a great help to carry the 
cows through the winter. 
The rest of the farm may be put in ordi¬ 
nary crops: wheat, oats, corn and Timothy and 
clover for hay, giving 58 acres, which would 
provide winter feeding with grain for sale or 
other uses. Twenty cows should produce of 
milk at 12 cents a gallon about 51,2(H), aud if 
butter is made about the same amount, to 
which should be added the value of 20 calves 
and 2,060 pounds of jiork or 100 pounds to 
each cow, counting in the wastes of feeding. 
Within 29 miles of Baltimore by the best 
management of the cows and the crops, with 
the soiling of the cows in the summer, it is 
possible to make each cow’s income in all reach 
§100, aud have a considerable income from 
the rest of the farm. This is better than 
could be done by growing ordinary farm crops, 
as grain and hay, for sale, aud would supply 
a large quantity of manure for the improve¬ 
ment of the land. 
TREATMENT OF YOUNG APPLE-TREES. 
F. F. S., Delaware, Ohio ,—I have some 
budded apple-trees three years old next spring 
from the bud standing in nursery rows. They 
were transplanted a year ago last spring. 
Some varieties, like the Oldenburg or Jona¬ 
than stock, have grown very slowly, some be¬ 
ing ouly 20 inches high, while the others are 
from two to four feet. I wish to set them in 
au orchard a year from this fall. Should 
they be transplanted in the nursery rows this 
fall ? The rabbits ate them off last winter at 
the snow line, and on that account some of 
them are branching out to form heads at from 
12 to IS inches from the ground. Should they 
be trimmed up higher or permitted to branch 
so low. 
Ans. —There is no necessity or advantage in 
transplanting budded apple-trees until they 
are large enough for setting in orchard. If 
the first year’s growth is too short to form a 
stem sufficiently strong for branching at the 
proper hight, the next season they should be 
cut back to a strong bud—au outside one is 
preferred—and anew stem grown. If this is 
not at least four feet iu the fall the root is a 
bad oue, or the soil is too poor. There are a 
few exceptions to this rule iu the case of vari¬ 
eties naturally of a weak or straggling 
growth, but these sorts should only be grown 
top-worked, either by buds or grafts. The va¬ 
rieties named as tiaviug grown slowly are 
good growers in good soil (Jonathan the least 
so). When young nursery trees are barked 
by vermiu a new ste«i can be grown by cut¬ 
ting back below the injury, provided that 
does not extend below the inserted bud or cion. 
The “branching out” referred to could have 
beeu prevented by proper attention early m 
the seasou, in removing all but one properly 
placed shoot. Sometimes it is necessary to 
train these shoots to stakes in order to get an 
erect growth suitable for a stem. 
POISONING BY SALT. 
R. IT. S., Bristol, Ohio .—Some of my sheep 
lately acted as if poisoned; a neighbor says 
they ate too much salt, as I had just given 
them a liberal allowance. Can animals be 
poisoned wltlisalt? 
Ans. —Certainly they can. Taken to excess 
salt is au acrid poison, producing gastritis, or 
inflammation of the coats of the stomach. A 
tablespoonful — one ounce —would act as a 
