THE ROMS. NEW-YORKER. 
poison'^if’taken’by a sheep on an empty 
stomach, and if a sheep hasn’t been regularly 
supplied with tho article this quantity can be 
easily taken when the animal gets a “liberal 
allowance.” Animals that are supplied regu¬ 
larly with salt will not take too much of it, 
and if it is always within their reach no harm 
will be done; otherwise it should be given 
with caution. The symptoms of poisoning by 
salt are the same as those of inflammation of 
the stomach by poisonous plants, such as 
laurel, wild parsnip or other irritants. Tho 
sheep moans, hangs tho head and slobbers at 
the mouth; the nose is contracted uud pinched 
in at tho sides: there is straining in attempt¬ 
ing to urinate; the mouth becomes hot and 
inflamed, the pulse rapid, the belly full, tense 
and painful when pressed; the bowels dis¬ 
charge blood and loose, dark dung, and the 
sufferer soon falls into torpor and convulsions. 
The remedy is to give plenty of warm water 
and thin oat-meal or linseed gruel. The lat¬ 
ter or gum-water will soothe the irritation 
and relieve the pain. Give also half-dram 
doses of hyoseyamus, to relieve spasms, and 
one-ounce doses of olive oil or lard oil, to 
eject the poison. This treatment is applica¬ 
ble not only to salt poisoning, hut to all eases 
of poisoning. 
ABOUT - MANY THINGS. 
J. F. S., Delaware, Ohio. —1. Is Ipomcea 
noctiphytou an animal or perennial? 2. Does 
it generally bloom the first year from seed? 8. 
Will the roots live in the ground over winter 
without protection? -1. What protection do 
Clematis Jackmanuii, crispa ami eoecinea 
need in this latitude. 5. Are Evening Purty, 
Blue Pearmaiu, Salome, Ilurlburt, and Acu- 
hifolia apples likely to succeed here? <1. What 
are six desirable plums, peaches and pears, 
hardiness, quality mid productiveness consid¬ 
ered? 7. How can I manage to get some 
peach pits which are now fresh to germinate 
next siiring? 8. Are pears more difficult than 
apples to propagate l»y grafting? II. Should 
cions be cut and the grafting lie done at the 
same time in case of pears and apples? 
Ans. —1. This is the old but good Ipomcea 
bona-nox. It is a tender perennial. 2. 
Yes. 8. No. Seeds should be started curly 
in the winter. All you cau do witli it is to 
cut it back and pot it. Slips may be rooted. 
4. They will not require protection. Still it 
is well to lay down tho vines and cover them 
lightly. 5. Evening Party and Blue .Pear- 
main do not succeed very well in Ohio. Tho 
Salome was prized by Charles Downing for 
Its good quality and as a late keeper. Tho 
tree is very hardy. It originated with Mr. 
Elias C. Hathaway, of Ottawa, Ills,, and was 
illustrated in the R. N.-Y. of 1883, page 551. 
We cannot say how it will do in Ohio. Hurl- 
hurt does not thrive in Ohio, so far as we 
have information. We don't know about 
Aeubifolia. ti. Plums; Coe’s Ooldeu Drop, 
Washington, Koine Claude de Bavay, Green 
Gage, Jefferson, McLaughlin. Peaches; 
Early Louise, George the Fourth, Crawford’s 
Early, Oldmixou Free,Crawford's Late, Conk- 
ling. Pears: Bartlett, Doyenne d’ Etc, 
Beurre Bose, Anjou, Dana’s Hovey. Shel¬ 
don and Doyennd Boussoek. 7. They may he 
placed in boxes of sand, the boxes sunk In well- 
drained soil and the pits planted next spring. 
We have always had good success by planting 
the pits close together in a little prepared 
plot in the fall. They sprout in the spring 
and may be transplanted the next spring. 8. 
No. 8. Yes. Further inquiries will bo an¬ 
swered later. 
SHOE-BOIL ON HOUSE’S LEG. 
M. A., Tuscarora, Ne-v ,—My horse has a 
bunch as large us uu egg on the hack of a front 
leg just below the elbow joiut. What is it, 
and how should it be treated ? 
Ans.— It is a shoe-boil w hich comes' on the 
joint of the elbow, uud is caused by the pres¬ 
sure of tbe shoe when the horse lies down. It 
may be removed by nibbing it with iodine 
ointment; but it is pretty sure to return again 
as it is produced by the way the horse Jies and 
tbo folding of his leg. Borne horses never 
have thorn, and some always do. It would, 
no doubt, prevent the trouble if an apron of 
stiff leather were strapped on the foot when 
the horse is in the stable so as to cover the 
back and sole of the foot when the animal lies 
down. 
USES FOR POMACE. 
L. 11 Bath, N. Y.— What is tbe best use to 
make of apple ponmeo from a cider mill? 
Ans. —Apple pomace is of very little use. 
When it is fresh the cake is eaten with relish 
by horses, cattle, pigs and sheep, and in rea¬ 
sonable quantities, say a peck at a feed twice 
a day, it would he an agreeble and whole¬ 
some variety in the feed. As a fertilizer it is 
hardly worth handling. If useful anywhere, 
jt would be spread over an orchard. 
Miscellaneous. 
E. E. P., Orient, N. Y. —1. If flowers of sul¬ 
phur is used to prevent scab on potatoes will 
it also prevent the white grub-worm from eat¬ 
ing them? 2. Would it be advisable to apply 
large quantities of it in field culture where the 
land is likely to produce scab and grubs? ti. 
How much per acre should lie applied? 4. 
What is its cost ami where can it be obtained ? 
5. Last year a field that had been in pasture 
for 30 years was plowed and yielded a good 
crop of com with n light application of Mapcs’s 
corn manure. This year it yielded at the 
rate of 250 bushels of potatoes to the acre with 
an application of 1,200 pounds of Mapcs’s pota¬ 
to fertilizer per acre in the drill: what would 
bo tho best fertilizer to apply to the land for 
the next crop—potatoes following potatoes? 
Ashes would ruin potatoes here, while they 
would greatly benefit, tho crop 25 miles west 
of this place. 
Ans. —1. We cannot answer, as wo have 
never had occasion to observe its effect on the 
white grub. 2. We believe that flowers of 
sulphur will keep the wire-worm (lulus) away 
from potatoes the soil about which has been 
sulphured. But it may not have that, effect on 
other soils,and we would prefer that our friend 
try it first iu an experimental way. 3. Bow¬ 
ing it only over the seed-pieces, probably 100 
pounds would sulllee for au acre. 4. Whole¬ 
sale price here is five cents perpounil. It can 
be had at that juice in large quantity of 
ScMelfelm &• Go., corner Beckman and Wil- 
liarn streets. New York city. 5. Wo can uot, 
answer. The Rural would advise thut one 
small patch be grown without any fertilizer; 
on another use kuiuit; on another burnt bone 
or else raw bone flour; on the rest a complete 
potato fertilizer. 
U. If., Newark, Ohio .—What is the best 
way to protect trees from mice ? 
Ans.— Wrup the trunks of the trees with 
strips of muslin so arranged as to shed rain. 
If the sumo cloth is applied every fall and re¬ 
moved every spring it will last for ypars. 
Dipping it in tar would be an improvement. 
DISCUSSION. 
RAISING SEEDLING FRUITS. 
F. G., Morrisonville, III.—On page <521 
the Rural hits the nail a riuging rap square 
on the head. Farmers have spent thousands 
of dollursfor many of the extensively adver¬ 
tised new vaiieties of fruits, only to And that, 
they were not adapted to their soil or climate, 
and were therefore worthless. It they would 
sow seeds of the best of those varieties that do 
succeed fairly well in their locality, I am sat¬ 
isfied thut they would soon obtain varieties far 
better adapted to their lands than any they 
could buy. Four years ago I sowed seeds of a 
Glendale strawberry that grew iu a patch of 
mixed varieties, mostly Cumberland anil Cap¬ 
tain Jack, and the product was something 
surprising. In tho lot were plants that re¬ 
sembled in leaf and vino almost every sort I 
have scon. Tho blossoms of some wore perfect, 
those of others irnperfect, and the berries were 
of all shapei and sizes, some being ear¬ 
ly and others late. Two of the lot 
wore perfect Glandules, otic a Cumber¬ 
land, and three Captain Jacks. The 
rest were crosses anil oris-erosses. Out of 
the lot 1 kppt one. In leaf and vine it. resem¬ 
bles the Glendale, and the berry is similar in 
shape, but instead of having a hard,green tip, 
as tho Glendale growing on my soil always 
has, it has a soft, white tip like the Cumber¬ 
land, mid while in flavor it is better than 
Glendale, it in uot quite equal to Cumberland. 
For a long time I have sought in vain for a 
strawberry that will succeed well on my land— 
which is rather heavy and cold, but I am 
now in hopes that 1 have it at last in my new 
seedling. If, however, this one fails to meet 
my expectations, I shall continue to raise 
seedlings until I get, one that proves satisfac 
tory. This season has been a tough one on 
strawberries, and out of the nice little bed of 
my seedlings I shall probably have a dozen 
plants possessing life and strength enough to 
carry them through the winter. . . . 
The same scuso .1 I ulso sowed some Gregg 
raspberry seed, taken from a plant that grew 
near a lot of Tyler. When the plants came 
up some of them showed the Tyler character¬ 
istics prominent ly, while others resembled the 
Gregg. On fruiting, all of those resembling 
the Tyler proved worthless, the berries being 
too small. A few of the others were Gregg 
Over again. Of the lot, only two were an im¬ 
provement on their parents. One of these is 
similar to the Gregg iu all respects, except 
that the berry is softer and sweeter, and the 
plant is hardier. My Greggs have been se¬ 
verely injured by frost, the pust two winters, 
about half being killed to t he ground last win¬ 
ter, while this plant has stood unscathed and 
yielded a good crop. The other plant is simi¬ 
lar to Gregg in appearance, hut it is hardy, 
and the bt-rry ripens earlier. The berry re¬ 
sembles Tyler, being a shiny black, soft and 
of good flavor, and uot quite so large as Gregg. 
I intended to propagate these two plants this 
year, and sot outa plantation of them, but the 
drought nipped the project in the bud. I have 
the original plants, however, and in due time 
will have a plantation. Raising seedlings is 
certainly a pleasant occupation, exciting 
enough to be nicely st imulating, while the re¬ 
sults arc often highly satisfactory and some¬ 
times very profitable to tbe raiser. 
THE MOONFLOWER OH IPOAUKA BONA-NOX. 
F. J. H., Jacksonville, III.—What is the 
matter with the Moonflower that, there is so 
much complaint about It ? While no one 
could expect it to bloom as shown in adver¬ 
tisements, still it is a grand vine. 
During the sale season last, spring the de¬ 
mand could uot be supplied, so in planting 
ours we wore late and had a very small plant, 
but planted in a rich plnce, it covered a apace 
10 by 20 feet, besides the top of a large lattice, 
and commenced blooming by the middle of 
July and has been white of nigh fa since then. 
This plant was a cutting. I have grown seed¬ 
lings of Ipomaon bona-nox that did not bloom 
at all, but the Moonflower (Ualonyction grandi- 
flora or Iponkra nOctiflora, known also under 
half a dozen other names) has bloomed every 
summer for tho last six or eight years and is 
not very choice us to soil or position, doing well 
almost anywhere. Borne of our plants have 
grown thirty feet, on a two-story house this 
year. 
H. N. Y.—’This plant is Ualonyction speciosum 
(Chnisy) or Ipomrea bona-nox, a native of 
Florida. We have it from seeds started iu 
early spring and it began to bloom not until 
September 10. Owing to cool nights and 
slight frosts, the flowers do not open well. It 
is our impression that the plant, will bloom 
much earlier from cuttings than from seeds. 
0WfnjW)!)f,VC. 
RURAL SPECIAL REPORTS. 
Illinois. 
Pleasant Valley, Jo Daviess Co., Sept. 
30.—Tho ruin is plentiful at last.—our equi¬ 
noctial 1 suppose. Vegetation lias undergone 
a wonderful tranfoniiation in the last six 
or eight weeks. There is us heavy a body of 
grass, take the country through, as 1 over saw 
for its length, aud it grew in much less time 
than it usually takes. Corn is a light crop, 
but of good quality. Rye looks fine and tho 
aeroago is four times that of the average sea¬ 
son. Nearly all tho corn is cut aud shocked, 
which is a new departure for most Western 
farmers, the scarcity of hay making corn 
fodder a necessity. When hay is $10 or $15 
per ton it pays. The grass famine scare is 
over and the prices of cattle are improving. 
Grapes plentiful and splendid. w. s. s. 
Michigan. 
Benton Harbor, Berrien Co., Oct. 1.—Sea¬ 
sonable rains since about tho middle of August 
have partially averted the effects of tho long 
midsummer drought in Southwestern Michi¬ 
gan. Corn has made about one-half and po¬ 
tatoes about oue-third of a crop in the south¬ 
ern part of the Btate. Wheat is thrashing 
about two-thirds of a full crop. The season is 
generally favorable for Seeding, aud new wheat 
fields are starting well. In consequence of tho 
hot, dry season, the apple crop will not fulfill 
its early promise. Many varieties have fallen 
badly, and the keeping qualities of the winter 
fruit will he much impaired. The apple crop 
will, however, be quite largo iu the aggregate, 
especially in the western and northern coun¬ 
ties. The peach crop of Western Michigan 
has been the largest and finest evur grown, 
and prices have been well sustained. Tho 
grape crop is also exceptionally large uud of 
the very best quality. Tho grapes are nearly 
all marketed about two weeks in advance of 
the usual season, and prices in Chicago have 
ruled at two to three cents per pound for tine 
Concords, but prices have slightly improved. 
Many car-loads of West, Michigan fruits are 
being shipped direct to St. Paul and other in¬ 
terior cities, where our fine pears, grapes and 
peaches aro esteemed more highly than Cali¬ 
fornia fruits, which cost, much more to trans¬ 
port, and, being necessarily picked green, aro 
inferior in quality as compared with Michigan 
fruits. w. A. B. 
PennaYlvntiln. 
Broad Ford, Fayette Co., Oct. 1—Wheat 
com and lmy, about low average crops; oat H 
less than half a crop ; potatoes about one- 
fourth of a crop, and not good for anything, 
as tho exceedingly hot weather killed them 
before they were half matured. One-fourth 
of a grape crop. No cherries or apples. Very 
few peaches, quinces or blackberries, n. r. 
Tennessee. 
Holly, Coffee Co., Kept 27.- We have had 
the driest spring and summer within t he mem¬ 
ory of the oldest inhabitants. The ground 
has uot been too wet to plow since April It). 
Wheat was au average yield: quality over an 
average, and the corn was never gotten out 
iq better condition pud most of it went di¬ 
rectly on tho market at (50 cents to (55 cents. 
Farmers appear to have become reconciled to 
the low prices, Corn has completely dried up 
and will not average half a crop over the 
county—which is a corn county. Irish and 
sweet potatoes arc below n half crop. Tur¬ 
nips an entire failure, and as there was but 
little hay cut cattle feed will be scarce and 
high, though a great many cattle arc. being 
put upon the market, ofteu not in the best 
condition and consequently at a very low 
price. Hogs aro scarce and are bringing 
four cents per pound. Apples scarce. 
w. s. w. 
The Proper Construction of Chimneys.— 
The Metal Worker, speaking of this subject, 
says that the faults of the average modern 
chimney uro many aud great. Tho common¬ 
est fault is that the flues are too small. This, 
with the rough Less, which is the besetting sin 
of the flues, makes it almost impossible to 
produce a draught. Sharp bends, which aro 
also introduced quite frequently, still further 
diminish the draught. Thin walls to a chim¬ 
ney greatly aid in eouliug the air inside, and 
when we find that the chimney is placed in 
an outside wall of the house, there is little 
wonder that the draught is poor. Common 
sense would dictate placing tho chimney in the 
center of the home or in a position where the 
hot flues would not bo cooled off in the vain 
uttompt to heat “all out doors.” Again, 
placing the chimney iu the outside wall in 
many cases brings it through tho roof at a 
low point. Unless tbe chimney shaft is un¬ 
necessarily tall, the top is below the roof, and 
a smoky chimney results from the wind blow¬ 
ing down over the roof peak. 
Rough flues favor deposits of soot, render¬ 
ing frequent cleaning necessary where bi¬ 
tuminous coal is used, and forming the lodg¬ 
ing places for the creosote-laden soot from 
wood fuel. In the cue instance the draft is 
stopped in a short time, and in tho other the 
creosote soon attacks tho mortar. In wood, 
burning portions of the country a very large 
percentage of the kitchen flues will be found 
to have the mortar badly corroded from this 
cause. When wood is in any way exposed 
against such flues, fire is very likely to follow 
in time, and tho Jcaky chimney puts an end 
at once to itself and the house. 
Both for tho protection of the flues and tho 
utilization of the heat, tho stacks should be 
in a central position in the house. This lias a 
double advantage; it enables the flues of 
several rooms to be combined, and it brings 
tho chimney near t.be highest portion of the 
roof. It can, therefore, l.ic made to rise above 
all projections without the necessity of making 
a long neck. Instead of being a neglected 
portion of the house, the chimney should he 
planned with as much care ns the parlor, the 
kitehen ; the library, or any of tho more irn. 
portautf features of the house. 
Plain Language, — A correspondent of the 
Philadelphia Press says that “agricultural 
writers have too much to say about ‘albumi¬ 
noids’ and other big words that common 
people can’t understand. Why don’t they use 
plain language ?” The Editor replies that 
‘‘there is no common word for ‘albuminoid’ 
auy more than there is for nitrogen or hydro¬ 
gen But these and many more are so impor¬ 
tant to every farmer that he should know just 
what they mean. Iu these days mi intelli¬ 
gent former is not justified iu complaining of 
agricultural writers because they do uot de¬ 
fine every scientific, term they use. Readers 
should be familiar with them. Twenty years 
ago there was comparatively little written 
concerning nitrogen, phosphoric acid and pot. 
ash in our agricultural papers—now at every 
farmer’s club one can hear these words con¬ 
stantly in use by all who discuss the value of 
manures. Just so the words albuminoids and 
carbo-hydrates and the things they represent 
should be familiar to all w ho wish to feed ani¬ 
mals intelligently. Albuminoid menus albu¬ 
men-like, thut is, a substance resembling the 
white of au egg. Albumen is chemically the 
same almost as fibrin from the lean of the 
meat aud casein, the base of cheese. Albu¬ 
minoids contain some It! per cent of nitrogen, 
and they mean essential purl of all the ani¬ 
mal’s working machinery—muscles, tendons, 
nerves. This shows the need of this material 
in the fodder ration of domestic animals. 
Whether the farmer feeds for milk, for meat 
or for work as in horses uud oxen—ho 
must give this nitrogeneous element in his 
fodder, and enough of it, or his animals will 
suffer. This is the fundamental reason for 
tho use of brau, linseed and cotton-seed meal 
and other foods rich in albuminoids (or pro¬ 
tein, as these substances arc ofteu called) to 
balance hay and cornstalks, which have too 
large a proportion of carbohydrates—another 
