4887 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
should be. I would give every man and woman 
in possession of property, whether in their 
own right or in trust, for another, a descriptive 
schedule to fill out and an affidavit to be sworn 
to. I would have more severe laws making 
misstatement in the-returns a crime. I would 
not leave any question opeu whereby common 
right could be violated. No loyal American 
of sound mind would ask or expect to have 
wealth equalized; but they would most em¬ 
phatically ask to have equal opportunities to 
procure a living, according to the ability, in¬ 
dustry ami economy of each. 
We have been called on year after year to 
elect members to our Legislature. Do we 
ever hear a word from them in favor of cor¬ 
recting these monstrous abuses? No record 
of their votes exists to indicate much interest 
for the welfare of the masses. The time is 
very near at hand when a voice will be heard 
which will give no uncertain sound. All men 
hereafter will not. vote for any special party 
without a question of why or wherefore. 
Windsor, N. Y. S. a. m. 
SEEDING TIMOTHY AND CLOVER. 
It is the universal custom among farmers 
here, when they wish to make a meadow, to 
sow the hayseed, clover or Timothy, with some 
grain crop, and the result often is “no catch;’’ 
and no wonder, since we know that when 
young seedlings are choked by weeds they sel¬ 
dom or uever attain their highest state of per¬ 
fection. I have observed in the garden that 
Red Clover that came up in the spring and 
escaped the hoe would make a large growth 
and be in blossom long before frost—some¬ 
times by the middle of summer or a little 
after. This suggests that this clover may be 
sowed in spring and a paying crop of hay ob¬ 
tained the first season, and after the hay is re¬ 
moved the ground may be plowed, and thus 
one would get a crop of hay and a fair coat of 
manure on his field with very light expense, 
and he could do this ever}' year until he had 
made his field rich enough for auy crop. If 
the ground is rich enough when the clover is 
sowed, and it lie desired to leave it in meadow, 
then the clover roots, being larger and deeper 
in the soil, will be far less likely to be thrown 
out by the frost than are those that are small 
and weak wheu winter sets in. So much for 
clover. 
Now what 1 wish to find out is how late iu 
the season may Timothy seed be sown and yet 
produce a good crop of hay the next year? 
My observations of tufts of this grass in the- 
garden lead me to think that they started from 
the seed very late in the previous season, and 
lam strongly convinced that a farmer may 
take off a crop of grain, then plow his field 
and sow it to Timothy and get a better crop 
of bay the next year than if he had sowed his 
grass seed with the grain iu spring. 
Grand Isle, Vt, j. t. macomb er. 
IDENTITY OF WHEATS. 
An inquiry appeared in a late Rural as to 
my opinion with regard to the identity of sev¬ 
eral kiuds of wheat. This places mo in some¬ 
what of an embarrassing positiou, as the as¬ 
sumption is that I may be au expert in the 
matter, which 1 do not at all profess to be. I 
have dealt iu seed wheat for ft few years. some 
of which has bc< u grown for me, and this, 
with some observation and the gathering of 
the opinions of many farmers, constitutes my 
knowledge. Iu regard to the identity of Fin¬ 
ley and Fultz, there seems to be a little differ¬ 
ence betwven the two. The grain of Finley is 
a little lighter in color, as is the chaff, and it 
apparently ripens two or three days earlier. 
These differences may readily be overlooked, 
and so, practically, the two kinds might be 
counted the same. 
I sold Laudreth previous to the introduction 
of Mai’tin’s Amber. My customers never inti¬ 
mated that they were the same. The grain of 
the latter was rather smaller and harder. I 
dropped the former as of small value—it may 
have proven so because of the seasons. Mar- 
tiu’s Amber lias given better satisfaction, but 
is almost discarded too on account of its late¬ 
ness in ripening. As to other sorts I cannot 
say anything. Speaking of the late ripening 
of Martin's Amber reminds me of the tests at 
the experiment stations. At one of these it is 
placed as three days later than Fultz. Here 
the fanners count it as 10 to 14 days later, and 
therefore consider it unreliable. These ex¬ 
periments should be of great value, and yet 
there are variations iu them that suggest that 
little reliance can be pluced on them. The 
principal reason is the small scale on which 
they are conducted, and it would tie well to 
correct this bv making tests on plots ten times 
the present size. j. a. FOOTE. 
Crawfordsville, Ind. 
Pxxin) J^wsbATuJri). 
HuRflL 
ME//- YofiXEFL 
Climax Grape. From Nature. Fig. 434. 
BUTTER SHOULD BE CLASSED AC¬ 
CORDING TO ITS QUALITY. 
In January, 1875, the New York State 
Dairymen’s Association was held at Utica. 
Prof. George E Morrow', now at the head of 
the Agricultural Department of the Illinois 
University, addressed the meeting on a sub¬ 
ject in which he seemed to be greatly inter¬ 
ested. It was the unfair classification or quo¬ 
tation of Western butter in the Eastern mar¬ 
ket reports. He claimed, and consistently, 
that butter should be classed on its merits, 
regardless of the locality m which it was 
made. He said great injustice was done 
Western butter producers because their but¬ 
ter was classed as “Western" instead of being 
classed as No. 1 or No. 2, as its quality would 
warrant. He made a very clear case, and 
every one who heard him felt convinced of 
the justice of his position. 
In 187fi we had the Centennial, and John 
Stewart, of Iowa, took the sweepstakes pre¬ 
mium on butter. Immediately “Iowa Cream- 
ery" and “Western Creamery” were quoted 
higher in the market than almost any other 
grades. From that time on Prof. Morro w, or 
those whose interests he represented, bad no 
more to complain of on the score of unfair 
quotations in Eastern market reports. 
But it seems to me that the same 
trouble that existed in regard to Western 
butter, now exists in regard to dairy butter. 
The Western people thought that Eastern 
butter makers were living on their reputation. 
Private dairymen now' have a right to make 
a similar complaint regarding creamery but¬ 
ter. A good article of butter put up in an ac¬ 
ceptable manner should be quoted as such. 
If striely first-class, quote it so: if second- 
class, quote it acordingly. 
There has already been too much creamery 
butter sold on its’ reputation, while butter 
made in a private dairy, of equal—and in 
many cases superior—quality selbyit a lower 
price. I his is not always the «Ese by any 
means, for any private dairyman who makes 
good butter, puts it up in a neat package, 
stamps his name on Che latter, aod seeks a 
market that appreciates a good article, 
will always find ready sale at the highest 
market price. But dairy butter sent to the 
average commission merchant, even though 
it be fully equal to creamery batter, fre¬ 
quently sells at a lower price’, and for the 
same reason for which Prof. Morrow claimed 
Western butter did not in 1875 bring the price 
its quality entitled it to. F. w. MOSELEY. 
Clinton, Iowa, 
THE NEW GRAPE, CLIMAX. 
/ 
With regard to this grape, shown at Fig. 
434, Mr. George H. Watrous of Naples, N. Y., 
writes to us, under date of August 27, that 
it is a chance seedling grown by Mr. A. Reis- 
inger of that village. It came up where trim¬ 
mings of the Catawba were thrown,and there¬ 
fore he thinks it undoubtedly a Catawba seed¬ 
ling. Moreover, its foliage and rank grow’th 
confirm this opinion. At the above date it 
had been in eatable condition more than two 
weeks, so that it is one of the earliest of red 
grapes. It is, he tells us, almost free from the 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
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MAL-NUTRITION OF CATTLE. 
M. H. //., Dripping Springs. Tex .—Cattle 
here suffer much from a disease locally known 
as “ creeps.” It appears among our cattle— 
chiefly among cows—early in the summer, 
when feed is fresh and green and water abun¬ 
dant, and the animal in high condition. The 
outward indications are stiffness of the limbs 
and swelling of the ankle joints, while the 
movement of the auimal is like that of a badly 
foundered horse. It results in a depleted con¬ 
dition and sometimes in death. There is no 
loss of appetite in she early stages. A post¬ 
mortem examination reveals an atrophied 
liver, hollow horns, a wasting of the bone 
from the lower end of the tail and a rotten¬ 
R. N.-Y.—The Crawford's Late 
is an Amsterdam (New Jersey) 
Peach, which, though juicy and 
vinous, is hardly of the best qua¬ 
lity. It succeeds first-rate in Con¬ 
necticut, New York, Pennsylvania, 
Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, lu- 
diaua, Ohio, Tennessee, Nebraska, 
South Carolina, and moderately 
well iu Rhode Island, Missouri, 
Utah, California, Georgia, Arkan¬ 
sas, Mississippi, Louisiana, and 
Texas. The illustration (Fig. 435) 
carefully drawn from nature,shows 
a half-section of one of the speci¬ 
mens sent here by Durand Bros. 
Crawford’s^Late^Peach. Fig. 435. 
foxiness of early grapes. The original vine is 
only four years old. The two main canes of 
this year’s growth are each 18 feet long, al¬ 
though the ground on which it grows is hardly 
rich enough to produce weeds. It bore sev¬ 
eral pounds of fruit this year. The two speci¬ 
men bunches sent to ns were received on Au¬ 
gust 30 in perfect condition. The berries 
are of medium size as shown in our illustra¬ 
tion. The color is that of the Catawba. Skin 
very firm. Pulp and quality much like the 
Catawba. If it should prove to be a fine 
keeper and as early as represented and if it 
proves to be adapted to culture over a wide ex¬ 
tent of country, it must turn out a decided ac¬ 
quisition. 
po mo logical. 
CRAWFORD’S LATE PEACH. 
Having read of some of this variety being 
exhibited measuring nine inches, 
we thought those we send you, 
being larger (the largest measur¬ 
ing 9% inches), were worthy at 
least of being seen by the Rural. 
We have a specimen of the same 
variety still (Sept, 22) on the tree, 
which measures 10^, inches. 
Essex Co., N. J. durand bros. 
ness of the bones generally. The whole sys¬ 
tem seems involved. Nourishing fowl, such 
as corn-meal, cotton-seed or cotton-seed meal 
usually promotes a restoration. Our soil is 
an upper cretaceous, limestone formation, and 
the grasses on the range are chiefly the native 
prairie sedge and the mesquite. The disease 
quite commonly makes its appearance while 
the conditions of feed, water and temperature 
would seem favorable to the thrift and gener¬ 
al prosperity of the animals. What is the 
cause, and is there a preventive? 
answered by dr. f. l. kilborn. 
The condition described is evidently due to 
imperfect or faulty nutrition, the exact cause 
of which I am unable to determine. Preven¬ 
tion consists in giving more attention to the 
diet and care of the animals. Feed liberally 
of the more nutritious grains, especially those 
containing the phosphates and lime, as oats, 
barley, wheat bran, middlings, linseed meal, 
etc. In the more severe cases give one >lram 
each of phosphate of lime and sulphate of iron 
night and morning in the fowl. All affected 
animals should be given a change of diet if 
possible, and also have added to their regular 
rations of corn fodder, some of the more nu¬ 
tritious grains as given above. It may be ne¬ 
cessary to persist in the treatment for several 
weeks, in which case it is better to withhold 
the powders every third week. 
thresh or grease in a horse. 
G. H. C., Fire Creek , IF. Va .—My eight- 
year-old mare is troubled with what I think is 
“grease.” Her hind pasterns are cracked, 
and the sore extends down to the frogs and a 
greasy substance comes from it. What should 
be done for her? 
Ans.—C arefully wash the heels with warm 
castile soap-suds, and remove or pare away all 
scab and ragged or diseased born. Then, if 
the inflammation is quite extensive and se¬ 
vere. apply a linseed or bran poultice, to which 
add one-fourth ounce of lead acetate (sugar of 
lead) to each pint of poultice. After the in¬ 
flammation has been reduced, or at once if the 
inflammation is not severe, apply dry calomel 
pressed in on th>- diseased surface on tow or 
lint, and held in position by a bandage. 
When the discharge ceases, simply apply ben- 
zoated oxide of zinc or tar dressings until 
healed, followed by some simple ointment, like 
spermaceti and almond oil or vaseline, to keep 
the surface soft and prevent a recurrence of 
the trouble. During the treatment the ani¬ 
mal should be kept in a clean, dry stable, or 
in a dry pasture where the feet will be kept 
clean and dry. Cold, wet and filth are to be 
especially avoided as they are fruitful causes 
of the trouble and greatly retard the treat¬ 
ment. The diet should be simple and laxative 
avoiding all heating agents, as Indian com, 
buckwheat, etc. Oats and wheat bran with a 
little oil meal or ground linseed and grass, 
good hay or corn fodder will be suitable. 
Roots or potatoes are also excellent. “Grease 
heel” is often very obstinate, but under a 
proper course of thorough treatment is nearly 
always curable. 
founder in a horse. 
J. E. A.. El Dorado , Cal .—What will cure 
chest founder in a horse that has been found¬ 
ered two years by crossing a river while hot; 
he is lame in the fore legs and stumbles along 
and his breast is sunk in. 
Ass.—From your unsatisfactory descrip¬ 
tion we suspect the trouble is in the feet in¬ 
stead of the chest. Apply a mild blister 
around the top of each hoof and to the front 
and sides of the pasterns, following the direc¬ 
tions frequently given in these columns. It 
may be desirable to repeat the blister several 
times, a second being applied as soon as the 
effects of the first have nearly disappeared. 
During the treatment the horse should be al¬ 
lowed only moderate walking exercise. 
CHRONIC NASAL CATARRH IN SHEEP. 
S. A. H., Carlton , Pa .—Many sheep here¬ 
abouts are troubled with a chronic nasal 
catarrh — some call it glanders—which ap¬ 
pears to be contagious; is there any remedy 
as good as the knife? I suppose it is au other 
imported pest. 
ANSWERED BY DR. F. L. KILBORN. 
I suspect the trouble is a chronic nasal 
catarrh due to the locality and season, and 
not in this case to an in ported disease as you 
suggest. Allow the sheep the run of an 
upland dry pasture only during the day, in 
warm, dry, pleasant weather. At other 
times and also at night confine in dry, airy 
comfortable quarters. Give free access to 
salt and pure drinking water. Feed liberally 
of wheat bran mashes with half a dram niter 
to each sheep night and morning mixed with 
the feed. If the fceees are quite dry and 
hard, give a dose of three to four ounces 
Glauber salts to each sheep so constipated. 
In severe individual cases the nose may be 
steamed, or in obstinate cases injected with a 
warm solution of one-half dram sulphate of 
zinc with one ounce of glycerine in three pints 
of. water. 
