THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
87 
fitting over tho flume, like an ordinary globe, 
find extending tb« chimney (using an elbow) 
through the tank from the rear, ending in 
front. It should bo soldered at the tank. The 
heat from the lamp will then pass through the 
chimney and consequently warm I In? sur 
rounding water. 
WINTER OARK UK POULTRY IN A 
NIJTHHKLL. 
1 notick that much Interest is shown in the 
matter of winter-laying of hens, As I have 
had good success in that line this year, your 
readers may be, interested to know what has 
been done, 
I. Htoek. My brood consists of eight pure 
brahma hens, two years old; 10 Plymouth 
Hocks, and 10 of u cross between a pure Brown 
I/jghorn cockerel and White Brahma hens, of 
which 12 are eight and the balance six months 
old. One Plymouth Rock and. one Brown 
Leghorn cockerel. 
2 Feed. First thing in the morning a 
medium feed of three parts wheat and one of 
corn. In the middle of the morning the table 
scraps from breakfast warmed up and a table 
spoonful of concentrated chicken feed from 
the grocer’s stirred in. In the middle of the 
afternoon the dinner scraps are fed as they 
run. Wegivo no feed atinght. Water given in 
an open iron baking pan every morning, 
5. Mouse. Moderate size, wood floor, two 
small windows, floor raised a foot from the 
ground, shelter shed on one side. No urtlilcial 
heat, Well ventilated. 
4. The Run. Hineo the middle of October 
they have been free to forage in lawn and 
garden. I 
till late, for fear of rot; the Helds of early 
varieties grow up with weeds after they are 
“laid by.” In the spring a long Interregnum 
is left between old potatoes lit to eat and the 
new crop, and the seed stock of tho country 
loses much of its vigor through sprouting in 
cellars and pits Most farmers have had occa 
slon to notice the difference between the yield 
from crisp, unsprouted seed potatoes and that 
from the wilted, sprouted tubers so often used. 
Home years ago Professor Beal made a test of 
this difference. I speak from recollection, but 
think I am right in saying that, according to 
tiie published account which I saw, ho found 
one sprouting of seed potatoes lowered the 
yield 10 per cent.; each additional sprouting 
still further reduced the crop, till finally there 
was no yield at all. Even a 10 per cent, 
shrinkage in all that, portion of the annual 
potato crop grown from sprouted seed would 
result in an aggregate loss of millions of hush 
els. The question trow to store potatoes and 
not have them sprout I have seen answerer! in 
the papers by recommending a “cold” cellar, 
of about 40 degrees temperature. I f there are 
cellars that, are cold in warm weather, without 
the use of some artificial process, I have not 
seen them. The temperature of well water Is 
about 45 degn us only, and anybody knows 
how much colder a well Is than a cellar. But 
the greatest (llfllculty comes in from the fact 
that potatoes are such a prolific source of heat 
in themselves. 
If a 40 degree cellar could he found and 1st 
tilled with potatoes the temperature would at, 
once begin to rise, and the later in the season, 
the faster it would go up. I repeat that a 
cellar filled with potatoes will haven much 
However, any process that could be devised 
would probably be unprofitable to the small 
cropper and the larger the business done the less 
the cost, per bushel. If it should be found that 
individual operators could not reach such an 
improvement on a profitable scale why could 
not several of them pool their issues sufficient 
ly to build, jointly, a potato elevator? Then! 
are at leust 50,000 bushels of potatoes held in 
store by farmers within three miles of where 
i live. It seems to me there would he many 
advantages and economies in having that 
large stock under one roof, one Insurance; 
one management; on a side track where they 
could be loaded in any weather or state of 
the roads, besides the great item that the tern 
peraturo could be controlled, by artificial 
means, in one large building much cheaper 
than m several small ones. 
Edwardsvillo, Kans. udwin tayook. 
MOW GOOD FARMING I’AYN IN DA 
KOTA. 
I wah much interested In your article, 
“Mow Farming Bays,” in your Issue of De¬ 
cember ‘44th, giving the experience of farmers 
in Ohio and New York State. I want to give 
you my experience with a piece of wheat in 
this part of the world 
I had, in the summer of 188(1, a piece of land 
consisting of 00 acres, whicii had been rented 
and was in very poor condition, foul apd sour. 
I summer fallowed it that year,plowing twice, 
first in June, very shallow, and again In Hep 
temher, very deep. I sowed it in the spring 
of IHH7 with broadcast seeder, one man and 
team sowing it all in one day. I harrowed it 
if in the above ease I had been compelled to 
sell my wheat at the usual market price, say 
what it is worth here now, fid cents per 
bushel, tile net profit per acre would have 
been cut down to $17.1 2, which still leaves 
margin enough to emphasize the import¬ 
ance of good farming, good seed and, last, 
but not least, living in a country where the 
soil will produce such crops without expensive 
commercial fertilizers. 
I presume If you publish this you will head 
it “Another Dakota blur" [Not at all.- Kdh.| 
but you may rest assured that the above facts 
can bo easily verified. Do not overlook the 
Diet that the Item of $2.40 per acre for inter¬ 
est is additional profit. it, r. 
Valley City, Dakota. 
<1 l)C SunneljcuX 
TAM WORT II BOAR DICK. 
Thk animal shown at Fig. 15 won the llrst 
prize at a recent English Royal Hhow. Me 
was hied |>y the Aylesbury Dairy Company, 
at their farm at Horsham, Sussex. The man 
aging director of this company, Mr. Allondcr, 
has devoted great attention to the improve¬ 
ment of this variety of pig, In the belief that 
it was unequaled for the production of lean 
meat; and Ids example has been followed by 
many other breeders, so that the Tamworth 
is now largely Bred in England, and has also 
been adopted by breeders of other countries, 
with good results. Our engraving is taken 
from the London Live Stock Journal. 
TAMWOR I'll HOAR, DICK. He engraved from the London Live Htoek Journal. Fig. 15. 
5. General (‘are. House cleaned weekly in 
summer, and once a month white washed with 
carbolic acid in very thin lime wash, fresh 
hay in nests and roosts rubbed with kerosene. 
The run spaded up twice in the year. 
<i. Results. But two chickens or hens lost 
from sickness in two years. Bullets began to 
lay at six months of age the cross-bred lay¬ 
ing llrst nine to 12 eggs a day through 
December and January, thus far. 
Essex, Conn, ic. w. w. 
■■ M l 
Boui.tky M aiikkr page 851) of the Hokai,, 
is a humbug. It, is one of those eases where 
“the hole does not last as long as the whole 
cloth.” I bought, one last, spring and used it, 
us directed; now there Is no trace of the 
marking. On grown poultry, a larger punch 
might do what is claimed Resides the tiling 
is too fragile. o. w. T. 
Htelton, N. J. 
MOLD HTORACE EOR POTATOEH. 
Lisin this subject I am able to speak with 
the freedom habitually enjoyed by some volu 
mbious agricultural writers - my imagination 
will not be hampered by my knowledge, 
III debatable climates, like Ohio, Illinois, 
Kansas and southward, It is conceded that, a 
great, point would he gained by the discovery 
ol some plan not too exp-msive that would 
make ft, safe to put away potatoes ill the sum 
nicr, as soon as ripe, so that they would go 
through the winter without sprouting and 
picscrvo their eating qualities till potatoes 
come uguln, As it is, digging must bo deferred 
higher temperature than the same cellar 
would have if empty. This I have learned as 
Nimbus learned tObucco growing “by ’spos 
ure.” I hope I won’t be asked “why.” I 
don’t know. Tho reason is unimportant. 
Tlie remedy is the t hing. Tho only help for It, 
that I know of is to give the cellar plenty of 
ventilation, put the potatoes in as clean as 
possible and then shovel thorn over every 
month or two. This will keep the sprouting 
tendency In cheek very largely; but, it, won’t 
make It practicable to begin storing potatoes 
in July or cause them to keep in good flavor 
till June. 
Heveral years ago I placed some barrels 
of Early Ohio potatoes in the Kansas City 
cold storage warehouses from March till 
July. They were kept in a temperature of 
58 degrees, and came out crisp and very little 
sprouted. The plan of this st ructure was very 
Hlmple: a three-story brick building so lined 
with matched lumber and tarred paper us to 
make three air-spaces around the wall. In 
the top story was a great bulk of Ice, which 
was freely accessible to the air that, when 
cooled, passed through duets to the different 
“cool rooms.” The results were satisfactory, 
but the system scorned too expensive for pot a 
tat,nos. I have wondered whether it was 
necessary for potatoes to lie kept, as cold as 
58 degrees Would not a current of air pass 
lug through pipes showered with well water 
keep them cold enough? Wine-vaults, I be 
Hove, are sometimes cooled by air currents 
forced through a cold water spray. If the air- 
blast of well water temperature would bo sufll 
clout, the apparatus for producing It, would be 
comparatively Inexpensive or at least much 
cheaper than those plans of cold storage where 
lee Is stored in quantity over the cool room. 
twice with 28-foot four horse harrow, taking 
a little less than twodays. I rolled It, wllli 17 
foot four horse roller, taking one day and a 
half. This with our very friable vegetable 
mold soil Is all that,ought, to tie done. After 
harvesting the crop It, was thrashed from the 
shock, and from tho (Mlacres we thrashed 2,280 
bushels ol wheat, The price of wheat here to¬ 
day IsO.'l cents, but owing to the very superior 
quality of this wheat I have sold it all B> my 
neighbors for seed at, one dollar jier bushel. 
Now the results of this crop are a.s follows. 
Blowing land twice at $2.00 |«*r acre. .$120 00 
75 Bushels seed at, 80 cents per Bushel ...00 00 
Heeding, one day, man and team.4 00 
Harrowing, 2 days, man and 4 horses... 12 00 
Rolling, 1 1 j day, man and 4 horses.0 00 
Reaping 4 days, man and i i horses.28 00 
Shocking, 2 men, 5 days. 12 00 
180 pounds twine at III cents ... It) oo 
Thrashing, 8 cents per bushel, all found.. 182 (Hi 
Interest on value of laud at, $10 per acre for 
two years, at 12 per cent per annum. .144 00 
Total cost of crop.588 lit) 
Received lor 2280 Bushels wheat, at $1. .2280 00 
00 tons straw at $2 per ton.180 00 
Total receipts .2400 00 
Net profits of 00 acres.1871 70 
Or $51.10 per acre net profit on land worth 
at, its present selling price only $10 per acre. 
Now of course no one will understand me 
to say that this Is a fair sample of what, Da¬ 
kota farmers actually do as a rule; But, the 
above yield Is not by any means unheard of, 
and has many times been surpassed. It, is 
only u fair sample of what can he done by 
good cultivation and good seed hi such soil as 
we have Here. One of my neighbors last, year 
bad 407 bushels on 10 acres and from 52 to 55 
bushels per acre Is quite common here among 
our best farmers. 
WHAT VARIETIEH OF ORAI’EH KHALI, 
I PLANT? 
MISCItKTAHV (i ICO ROIC W. OAMi'BKBL. 
Worden and Concord bent, for the average 
grower of htoek grapes; Moore's for an 
earlier grape of the. kind; Lady for a 
"while." grape, with Martha and Poe.kling- 
ton. for later sorts; Catawba for red; the. 
Delaware excellent in favored localities', 
among newer varieties , Ulster I’roUJIc, 
Verge, ones, highly promising ; high merit 
etui wed for the Woodruff lied; all adapted, 
to general vulture, 
I iiih quest ion is often asked of me, but a re 
ply Is not, as easy as one might suppose, al 
though I have grown and tested nearly all the 
popular varieties, as they have appeared in 
succession, for the past 50 years For the /?v 
erage grower, who has little knowledge of 
grape growing, But, who wants grape* for him¬ 
self atid family with the least, expenditure of 
time, care and money, and for vines that will 
give tho last, returns under these conditions, 
I should say, plant, Worden or Concord, or 
both; as they are much alike in their churac 
teristle* the Worden having the advantage 
of a little batter quality and ripening a week 
or more earlier. In health, vigor of growth, 
productiveness mid general adaptability to 
nearly all soils and locutions where grapes can 
be grown, there Is little if any difference. If 
an earlier variety is wanted of the same class 
of black grupoH, add to tile list Moore’s Early, 
which is usually a week earlier than Worden; 
and though not quite so productive as Con¬ 
cord and perhaps not quite hh good in quality 
has larger berries, and rather smaller clusters. 
It has become quite popular, especially In 
Northern sections where the seasons are too 
short to ripen the Concord with certainty. 
If more variety is wanted, tho white grape 
Lady may be added, which is also a Concord 
seedling about as early in ripening as Moore’s 
Early, but not as vigorous in growth, and ap¬ 
parently requiring a richer and stronger soil 
than the others above named to give its best 
results. It Is however equal to any of them in 
health and hardiness of the vine, and Is gen¬ 
erally considered of better quality. If more 
white grapes are wanted the Martha may fol¬ 
low the Lady, ripening about with the Con¬ 
cord; and the Bocklington a week or ten days 
later. All the above-named are among the 
most reliable of our hardy native grapes, and 
may be safely and confidently planted. 
For red grapes, equally reliable among the 
older varieties, the selection is more dlllleult, 
the Catawba coming nearest to the require¬ 
ments; but it Is not quite as healthy In foliage 
nor as hardy in severe winters as the other vari¬ 
eties I have named; and it is too late In ripen 
lug for many localities. It Is justly popular 
where it can be successfully grown and one 
of the most valuable vineyard and table 
grapes. A partially shelti red location, the 
south side of a building or wall, will often 
ripen the Catawba, by protecting It from early 
fronts in autumn, in latitudes where vineyard 
or garden culture would he impossible. The 
l Delaware grape has the requisites of hardinoee 
