4883 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
529 
Royal Agricultural Society Journal, of [the 
wheat and barley experiments which have been 
continued for 10 successive years, on the same 
land at Woburn, says that 11 plats of wheat 
and 11 of barley were grown, the same manures 
being used on the barley as on the wheat. 
Plats were left unmauured, and fertilized 
with mineral manures. In general terms, 
mineral manures with wheat have added noth¬ 
ing to the unmanured crop which yielded 17 
bushels per acre, while nitrogen as ammonia 
or as nitric acid, without minerals, has in¬ 
creased the crop by seven bushels. When min¬ 
erals have been used with the same nitrogen, 
another seven bushels have been added to the 
crop, and when twice the amount of nitrogen 
has been used with the minerals, nearly seven 
bushels more have been added to the crop. 
The weight per bushel of dressed grain is low, 
which is usually the case, when wheat is grown 
continuously on the same ground. Nitrate of 
soda in every case produced more straw than 
did ammonia salts. In the case of barley, one 
unmanured plat yielded 27 bushels per acre, 
and the other 23 bushels. One plat receiving 
mixed mineral manures only gave 23 bushels 
per acre, aud as with wheat the mineral manure 
gave no increase in crop. Salts of ammonia 
and sodium nitrate added 16 and 17 bushels 
respectively, to the barley crop. This is pro¬ 
bably due to the different root growths of 
wheat and barley. The fact is brought out 
with great clearness of the absolute impossi¬ 
bility of increasing the growth of cereal crops 
by mineral manures in the absence of available 
nitrogen in the soil; and it is pretty well settle .1 
that this nitrogen should be in the form of 
nitric acid. 
Wiiat is Superphosphate ?—W. I. 
Chamberlain, President of the Iowa Agri¬ 
cultural College, who is now on a visit to 
his farm in Hudson, Ohio, says, in the Albany 
Cultivator and also in the Ohio Farmer, of 
last week, that a drill’s width in two parts of 
his wheat field was sown clear through with¬ 
out superphosphate. These strips have al¬ 
most no wheat at all, and right beside them, 
on each side, is rank, strong wheat that, in 
some parts, will yield 30 to 40 bushels per 
acre. He says that it is within bounds to say 
that this year, on that land and with the 
weather he had, every ton of superphosphate 
he used will bring 100 bushels of wheat above 
what he would have got without it. Ho used 
'6)4 tons—300 pounds per acre. 
Here we have another instance, and a strik¬ 
ing one too, of the desirableness of being more 
definite in our use of words to designate 
chemical fertilizers. What is the superphos¬ 
phate ? How is the reader to know whether 
it is bone, bone-black or S. C. rock dissolved 
in sulphuric acid ? Was there any nitrogen 
or potash in this superphosphate ? It seems 
to the It. N.-Y. that this word should be con¬ 
fined to phosphates treated to sulphuric acid 
and that “phosphate” should be confined to 
uudissolved bone-black and phosphate rock. 
Thus one may say to designate the form, rock 
phosphate or bone phosphate; rock super¬ 
phosphate or bone superphosphate. Then the 
reader would know just what kind of fertilizer 
produces a given effect. 
Turnip growing.— Waldo F. Brown, of 
Oxford, Ohio, has been a successful turnip 
grower for 30 years, not having had an entire 
failure during that time, and seldom failing 
to grow a good crop. Occasionally the price 
of turnips is so good that he makes more 
profit per acre from them than from any 
other crop, and again the market is over¬ 
stocked so that he cannot sell them at all, and 
then he feeds them. He considers 200 bushels 
per acre a moderate crop, while four to five 
hundred bushels are not unusual. As they are 
nearly always grown as a second crop aud re¬ 
quire no cultivation, the cost of growing them 
is trifling. His turnips rarely cost him more 
than five cents a bushel in the cellar or pit. 
and at this price they are cheap food for cat¬ 
tle, sheep, or hogs. He does not feed them to 
milch cows, for they impart their flavor to 
the milk and butter, but for young cattle, 
steers and dry cows, hejvalues them greatly. 
He has never succeeded in fattening old cows 
so quickly aud well as when he had abund¬ 
ance of turnips to feed them, the turnips en¬ 
abling them to digest a large grain ration. 
The turnips require a fine, compact seed-bed, 
and it is time and seed wasted to sow them on 
loose, freshly-plowed land. 
The land, he continues, in the Ohio Farmer, 
cannot be too fine and level before sowing, 
and it should be thoroughly harrowed aud 
leveled with the plank drag, and after the 
seed is sown the drag without the weight of 
the driver should be run over it again to cover 
the seed. 
He sows about one pound of seed to the 
acre and uses only thumb and forefinger. 
With a pinch of this size sown at a cast one is 
not likely to get them too thick. The best 
date for sowing, if one could be sure of moist 
weather, is about August 10th, and the 15th 
is seasonable. He has grown a good crop 
sown September 1st. Still, if the weather is 
favorable and the land in the right condition 
it is well to sow a part of the crop the last of 
July or the first of August. 
Ninety-six varietiesof grapes were planted 
six years ago in the grounds of the Ontario 
Experiment Farm. The location is 1,200 feet 
above sea level. The following are now rec¬ 
ommended in the Report of the Fruit Grow¬ 
ers’ Association of Ontario, as the best ; hard¬ 
iness, yield and flavor considered : Black : 
Wilder, Worden, Moore’s Early, Concord, 
Barry. Red : Delaware, Brighton, Lindley, 
Agawam. White : Niagara, Lady, Martha. 
A New Tobacco. —Consul Loening, of 
Bremen, reports the arrival in that port of 
some tobacco grown in the German colony of 
Cameroon, in Africa. It is the product of a 
first crop, and is regarded as fully equal, if not 
superior, to Sumatra leaf. The price paid in 
Bremen for this tobacco was 50c. per pound. 
Similar grades of Sumatra sell for 88c. to 95c. 
per pound. Quite a boom in this tobacco is 
now being experienced in Bremen. Com¬ 
panies are being formed, and capital is being 
liberally invested in its cultivation. It is ex¬ 
pected to compete sharply with Sumatra, be¬ 
ing of quality equal to the Dutch product and 
much cheaper. 
Wants His Hens Protected. —Probably 
the most unique petition ever filed in Congress 
in favor of additional protection to American 
industries was received from Representative 
Anderson, of Iowa, last Monday. It reads as 
follows : 
“ Being profoundly impressed with the 
gravity of the occasion and the magnitude of 
the matter at issue, in that all my worldly 
possessions are invested in two dozen hens, 
and realizing that there should be no discrim¬ 
ination in regard to the protection of Ameri¬ 
can industries, and being advised that there 
were some 16,000,000 dozens of eggs imported 
into the United States in the year 1887, there¬ 
fore I would respectfully pray your honorable 
body to pass a law to protect my interest 
against the infernal activity of the pauper 
hens of Europe. Your most obedient servaut, 
“ T. h. b. miller, Cambria, la.” 
BRIEFS. 
The Bordeaux mixture in the Department 
of Agriculture’s experiments made last year 
in Virginia, New Jersey and other States, was 
found effective in destroying the downy mil¬ 
dew of the grape. It had little effect upon 
rot. The mixture consists of eight pounds of 
copper sulphate to 15 gallons of water. This 
is mixed in a wooden vessel and 10 pounds of 
lime in 5 gallons of water in another vessel, 
the two being slowly mixed when cooled. 
Dishonest Salesmen.— The Loudon Horti¬ 
cultural Times, as we learn through the 
Country Gentleman, says that unpleasant 
exposures have recently been made in Covent 
Garden market by certain large growers who 
placed letters in the bottoms of their baskets 
of fruit, (with stamped envelopes for reply), 
asking the buyers to forward the price they 
paid for tbo goods. In every case the grower 
found that the goods had been sold for a 
higher price than had been remitted by the 
salesman. Interviews followed between some 
of the growers aud the salesmen, which were 
brief and unpleasant. The commission men 
were compelled to repay every farthing they 
had taken, and narrowly escaped being prose¬ 
cuted. Such conduct is diverting the bulk 
of garden produce to the provincial markets, 
where, as a rule, the salesmen are of a higher 
calibre. 
Green Mountain Maid died June 6, at 9 
p. M. She was buried at Newark, N. J., says 
the Chicago Horseman, with as much care as 
if she were a human being. Her grave is on 
the hill overlooking the entire farm. She was 
lowered into the grave with ropes and placed 
in the same position she took when she laid 
down in her stall for the last time, and was 
covered with straw and flowers before the 
earth was put in. The owner intends to erect 
a monument to her memory. 
It is fortunate for the forestry of this 
country, says Robert Douglas in Garden and 
Forest, that seeds of forest coniferous trees can 
be kept for years, otherwise a succession of 
plants could not well be kept up, for forest 
trees do not produce seeds every year, even 
when the seasons are favorable. Even if the 
seasons are all favorable one can hardly ex¬ 
pect a crop of White Fine seeds oftener than 
once in three years. One year is needed for 
the blooming of the male aud female llowors 
and the fertilizing of the embryo cones, the 
next year for the growth of the cones aud the 
perfecting of the seeds, which draws so heavily 
on the vitality of the trees that they require 
the third year to recuperate and form blossom 
buds to centinue the blossoming the year fol¬ 
lowing. . . ...... 
Mr. Ansley, of Ontario Co., N. Y., has 
1,500 Salway peaches which bore 3,000 bushels 
last year. It’s a late variety but fully 
matures. The tree is a great bearer and the 
peaches keep until nearly Thanksgiving. 
The Com., of Ag., of Alabama, says that 
Northern and European agricultural litera¬ 
ture has so impressed the minds of Southern 
people in regard to the turnip and beet as 
root crops for stock, as to divert them from 
the sweet potato, the only root crop to which 
their soil and climate are so suited as to render 
success uniform and satisfactory. The day is 
not far distant when the sweet potato will be 
as highly appreciated as a stock food in the 
South, as are turnips aud mangel-wurzels in 
our Northern States and in Europe. 
A writer in the Mark Lane Express, urges 
his readers to cut off the llowers of potato 
vines as they appear. “ The potato,” he says, 
“ is but an enlargement of the root-stem of 
the plant, aud the propagation of this useful 
tuber is irrespective of the formation of seed 
proper. Therefore, the flowers, and subse¬ 
quent potato balls (or true seeds), are so much 
unnecessary and prejudicial strain on the 
plant. I say, advisedly, cut off the blossoms 
as they appear. I have tried it again and 
again on a large scale—three rows left and 
three cut—and the results have more than 
satisfied me.” Such advice sounds odd to 
potato growers in this part of the world 
where the vines nowadays rarely produce seed 
balls. 
Matthew Crawford, of Cuyahoga Falls, 
Ohio, reports that the Jessie strawberry does 
not seem to be so popular as was anticipated. 
He considers it a fine variety, but not entitled 
to hold the first place. 
The first place, he thinks, seems to bo going 
to the Bubach. He deems the plant faultless, 
while the fruit is produced in great abundance 
and of immense size. 
The Haverland, he says, is all that was ever 
claimed for it, being a luxuriant grower, aud 
unexcelled for productiveness. Fruit large, of 
good form and color, moderately firm and of 
fair quality. Plants of this received last 
spring at the R. G., died . 
He values the Gandy as a late berry. 
The Lida grows in his grounds very fine in¬ 
deed, being wonderfully productive. 
His report of the Carmichael and Belmont 
agrees with the Rural’s in being unfavor¬ 
able. 
The Iowa Homestead says that our com. 
inercialand manufacturing system is thorough¬ 
ly honey-combed with trusts which will rob 
poor and rich, but especially the poor, until a 
determined public sentiment crushes them out. 
Neither political party, as at present organ¬ 
ized, will suppress them, for the simple reason 
that the robbers hold the chief seats in both 
political synagogues and abuse each other iu 
public like pick-pockets, but in private divide 
the spoils. 
William Falconer, who always writes 
good, sound teachings from his own experi¬ 
ence, advises, in Garden and forest, that we 
sow snap beans at least once a week till the 
middle or end of August. They are, accord, 
ing to the weather, a seven or nine weeks’ 
crop—from sowing till gathering. The Golden 
Wax varieties are considered the tenderesti 
but no yellow-fleshed snap beans look as well 
upon the table as green-fleshed ones. Valen' 
tine and Mohawk, both green-fleshed sorts, 
are of first quality. 
About the middle of July to August, put iu 
a few sowings of peas, to come in about the 
middle to end of September. Use early or 
second-early Marrow peas, as Alpha, McLean’s 
Advancer, or Abundance, and avoid latest 
kinds like Champion of England. Avoid, also, 
the round, smooth peas. 
Sow a row or two of large-leaved (notlarge- 
rooted) chicory for use for salads in winter. 
If sown much earlier it goes to seed . 
The main crop of carrotsaud beets should 
not be sown before July. Carrots may be 
sown any time iu July, and a few the 1st of 
August. The short stump-rooted carrots are 
better than the long ones. Carrots sown now, 
keep tender all winter long, but carrots raised 
from April and May sewings, become so hard 
and flavorless before winter that they are 
only fit to feed to stock... 
the second or third week in November. 
Purple-top, Round Globe and Strapleaf tur¬ 
nips are very good. Sow some parsley now 
in a cold frame for use in winter. That sown 
now will yield nice leaves from November till 
May or June, whereas the plants raised from 
spring sowings will run to flower after Feb¬ 
ruary . 
Keep up a regular supply of lettuces by fre¬ 
quent sowings and plantings. There is no let¬ 
tuce that will not run to seed very quickly at 
this time of year. Grow in rich soil and 
water abundantly in dry weather. But as 
this is a “quick’’crop, use a catch-crop be¬ 
tween rows of other vegetables rather than as 
a main crop of themselves. In the same way 
make a small sowing of spinach and radishes 
every week. It is useless at this time of year 
to make large sowings or plantings of such 
short-lived crops as are spinach, lettuce or 
radishes. . 
John Gould, as he tells the Agriculturist, 
made observations last winter among hun- 
drens of silos, and the testimony of the owners 
was that under no consideration will they 
ever again husk corn to be fed upon the farm, 
when the silo, with its later ideas of filling, 
preserves the grain so perfectly and gives 
such satisfactory results. It may be well to 
husk some corn for the hens, and for a few 
other minor wants for the farm ; but for cat¬ 
tle, hogs, sheep and goats the farmer with a 
good wooden silo, that preserves silage as no 
stone silo can, has no occasion to husk corn for 
stock, saveiu a limited way. 
WORD FOR WORD. 
Henry Stewart : “The ripening of the 
cream seems to be the great hobby of the 
cranks, who don’t know that years ago most 
of the butter was made by churning the 
sweet milk every day, and that this is done 
frequently now where the butter-milk is in 
dematid, and there were cows then whose 
milk thus churned made 16 or 24 pounds of 
butter a week. Nor were our fathers or 
grandfathers fools enough not to know when 
they got all the butter of the milk, or threw 
good butter away to the pigs. And it was not 
long ago when these same ripening cranks 
were insisting that sweet cream made the best 
aud most butter.-Dr. Hoskins: “The 
times are hard and they will get. harder for 
those who will not ‘ keep up with the pro¬ 
cession.” 
For Mental Depression 
Use lloi'Hford’s Acid Phosphate. 
Dr. L. C. S. Turner, Colfax, la., says: “I 
am very much pleased with it in mental 
depression from gastric troubles.”— Adv. 
How to SAVE re-shlngllng, STOP 
leaks effectually and cheaply In 
roofs of all kinds, or lay NEW roofs. 
Particulars FREE If you mention this paper. 
UNEQUALED 
For House.. Barn, 
and all out-buildings. 
4YB0DY CAN PUT IT ON. 
PRICE LOW. 
Write for Sample and Book. 
14JJ Duane St., New York City. 
tuniaua o»i»it a doocimo on 
R0SSIE IRON ORE PAINT. 
Is made from Red Oxide Ore—is the best and most 
durab'e Faint for Tin, Iron, and Shingle Hoofs, Barns. 
Farm utensils, etc., will not craok or peel—will protect 
roofs from sparks. Samples free. Ask prices of 
ROSSI E I ltd N ORE PAINT CO., 
Ogdeiiwhurg, N. Y. 
Veterinary Department. 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
8EHSION 1308-00. 
OPENS OCTOBER 1st, 1888. 
For Catalogues address 
R. S. I1U1DEKOPER, Dean. 
Dehornine: Cattle kS. 
I. J. WICKS, Colorado SpnugM, Colo. 
When to sow beets must be regulated by 
tbe place and season. At Mr. Falconer’s place, 
Queen’s Co., Long Island, on tne Sound, the 
proper time is late July aud early August. 
Beets are only wanted just large euough, say 
two to three inches in diameter, for use, solid 
and tender. Large or early sown beets are 
apt to be soggy inside and unlit for table use. 
And as it is with beets so it is with turnips. 
Winter turnips should never be sown here be¬ 
fore the middle of August, because they are 
liartlier uwl havo a longer sea&os of growth, to 
SHEEP AND LAMBS. 
Cotswold, South-down, Oxford-down, Shropshires, 
and Merinos, bred from our very choicest stock Write 
at once for our special prices for the fall; also ltough- 
coated Collie Puppies. 
VV. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Philadelphia. Pa. 
?c.U 
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