1888 
THE BUBAL MEW 
future of sorghum, extolling it, “as the one 
great savior of the country, furnishing alike 
its bread, its sweets, its meats and its drinks.” 
The Professor thinks hope for the business is 
not in new methods or new machinery ; but in 
wise selection of seed, intensive culture, and 
judicious fertilization, which are the factors 
that can make the sorghum sufficiently saccha- 
rifacient. The factory at Rio Grande, N. jJ., had 
the most extentive and thoroughly equipped 
sorghum-sugar house ever built in the United 
States. Of it Professor Wiley says : “ For 
iive successive seasons from 1882 it was con¬ 
ducted with the highest skill. With the aid 
of a State bounty of $1 per ton for the cane and 
one cent a pound for the sugar, the company 
was able to hold together financially. With 
the close of 1886 the State bounty expired and 
the factory has now been closed and disman¬ 
tled, since it could only be run at a loss with¬ 
out the bounty. In all nearly 1,500,000 pounds 
of sugar have been made by this companjL” 
At the present time there remains only one 
sorghum-sugar factory on a large scale in the 
country, namely, that at Fort Scott, Kansas. 
One is building at Topeka and one at Conway 
Springs, Kan. Col. Cunningham, Sugar 
Lands, Texas, is also preparing to make sor¬ 
ghum sugar in connection with the sugar-cane. 
Water For Stock —The fact that whole 
herds of cattle are kept summer after summer 
in fields where ponds or other stagnant water 
full of decaying animal and vegetable matter 
is all that they have to drink and yet do well, 
and the equally potent fact that many more 
have been given unfi.tered cistern water with 
the same result, would lead many to conclude 
that the subject of pure water for stock was 
of no special practical importance. In reply 
Prof. A J. Cook says with force and truth, 
in the Weekly Press, that many a boy uses to¬ 
bacco almost from the cradle to the grave and 
yet remains healthy and vigorous. Yet there 
are other thousands that are being emasculated 
mentally and often killed outright by this 
same obnoxious and filthy poison. He makes 
it a point to give his cattle and other stock no 
food or drink that he would not use himself. 
Stock may live and thrive on foul, stagnant 
water. They may sicken and die because of 
the same. And, even granting that they do 
thrive with such drink, it does not follow that 
they would not do far better were they pro¬ 
vided with clear, pure, spring, brook or well 
water. With our cheap, excellent windmills 
and nature’s grand, pure reservoir which 
exists everywhere beneath us, there is surely 
no need of obliging our stock to drink from 
the fetid, loathsome pool. 
If it is thought best to use cistern water for 
farm stock, the cistern should be separated 
into two portions by a good brick wall, well 
laid in water lime. Then we should let the 
water enter on one side and pump it out from 
the other side of the partition. Such a wall 
of brick forms a very efficient filter. 
Agriculture in Australasia —Numbered 
among the many valuable papers emanating 
from the Agricultural Department of the Gov¬ 
ernment at Washington, says the N. Y. 
World, not the least of interest to Americans, 
and especially to our own people engaged in 
agricultural pursuits, is a recent one on the 
condition of agriculture and its rapidly in¬ 
creasing development in the vast regions be¬ 
longing to the British Crown on the other side 
of the globe. 
These colonies are seven in number—New 
South Wales, South Australia, Western Aus¬ 
tralia, Victoria and Queensland, subdivisions 
of the island or continent of Australia, and 
Tasmania and New Zealand. The. superficial 
area of Australia is about the same as that of 
this country (excluding Alaska!, the popula¬ 
tion is English-speaking and the agricultural 
products are very similar to ours. There is no 
very material difference in climate; most of 
our products, except cotton and tobacco, are 
well adapted to the soil and season ; their 
wheat now meets ours in the world’s markets ; 
Australasian meat competes with American in 
supplying the workers of the Old World with 
cheap food, and to-day their wool competes 
with ours in our home markets. 
The total area of the seven colonies is great¬ 
er than that of the United States, excluding 
Alaska, and the population is less than that 
of Femisylvania. It can thus be seen 
that in the not distant future the farmers of 
the United States are quite likely to have, for 
many of their products, a formidable compet¬ 
itor in the world’s markets, when the virgin 
soil of their vast territories shall contaiu an 
industrious agricultural , people with their 
numbers greatly increased. 
SHORT STORIES. 
It is an amazing blunder that a dairyman 
will choose a cow that will yield him $5 or $10 
more at the end of a profitless life in the shape 
of beef rather than a cow of no value for beef, 
but which will give him $20 a year for eight 
years, or 50 per cent.—less cost of keeping— 
more than the more popular animal. This is 
about $200 in the life of the one cow against 
the $10 at the death of the other cow. And 
this is the delusion, remarks Henry Stewart, 
which lies at the bottom of the popular de¬ 
mand for “a general-purpose cow,” of which 
so much is said. 
Parker Earle, of Cobden, Ill., well known 
to our readers, in building a fence around his 
young orchards, several years ago, tried 
many plans for preserving the posts. Having 
ocasion to remove the fence last winter he 
noted the condition of the posts as follows: 
Those set with no preparation were decayed 
an inch or more in thickness; those coated 
with a thick wash of lime were better pre 
served, but were quite seriously attacked by 
worms; those posts coated with hot tar were 
as perfectly sound as when put in the ground; 
those painted with petroleum and kerosene were 
equally as sound and as good for setting. Let 
the posts get thoroughly dry, and then, with 
a pan of cheap kerosene and a whitewash 
brush, give the lower third of the post, the 
part to go into the ground, two or three ap¬ 
plications of the oil, letting it soak in each 
time. Posts so treated, he says, will not be 
troubled by worms or insects of any kind, 
but will resist decay to a remarkable degree. 
This he finds to be the simplest, easiest cheap¬ 
est and best method of preservation. 
The London Agricultural Gazette notes 
the August number of Harper’s Magazine 
contains an article on that breed of cows 
known in England by the general name of 
Dutch cattle, which commands some attention. 
If all the statements in it are such as cannot 
be gainsaid—and the Gazette does not doubt 
their truth—or if there are no qualifying cir¬ 
cumstances (and the Gazette wants a little 
more information on some points), then Hol¬ 
stein cows are the sort which all dairymen 
have been striving to obtain . 
Mr. Hoxie, the writer of the article, claims 
that they have an unalloyed ancestry of more 
than 2,000 years, or dating from about 300 
years before the Christian era began. As, 
however, the first herd book of the breed was 
started in America in 1872, and in their native 
region in 1875, the Gazette takes leave to 
accept the term “unalloyed” with some 
qualifications It is equally true to say that 
almost any breed is old, as it must have 
descended from ancestors reaching back into 
geological times, although its particular 
history may be known for only a century 
or two. 
It is in the yield of milk and butter, how¬ 
ever, to which the breed has attained in 
America that the Gazette specially directs 
attention. It seems that a yield of 2,000 gal 
Ions is quite common aud easily obtainable,- 
while the astounding figure of over 30,000 lb. 
of milk from one cow in twelve months has 
been reached by an animal in the possession of 
Mr. Whipole, of Cuba, Newt York In other 
words, a yield of from three to five times that 
of fairly good animals in England seems to be 
common among these Holsteiu-Friesian cows. 
These results have been watched by official in¬ 
spectors. 
It is not iu the matter of quantity aloue, 
however, that this breed is making progress, 
but in butter yield as well. In England they 
have always looked on them as giving a very 
large yield of milk which was poor in quality, 
and Mr. Hoxie does not say anything about 
the richness of the yield, gallon for gallon, as 
compared with that of others ; but in the total 
quantity of butter yielded by the day or week 
we have figures far above the ordinary. One 
cow has reached over 28 lb. in a week, while 
17 or 18 lb. appear to be quite common and 
easy of attainment. 
There is only just one point iu which the 
article under review is deficient. We are not 
told anything about the cost of production of 
such extraordinary results. The Gazette has 
always maintained that this was the main 
point to lie attended to in milking records, and 
that profit per cent, on capital invested is the 
real measure of success, and until it gets the 
figures for these enormous results, the Gazette 
must refrain from advising dairymen to sell 
off their present stock and buy in Dutch cows, 
even though they should be of the Clothilde or 
Aaggie strains. . 
Garden and Forest remarks that the fea¬ 
ture of the Saturday exhibition of the Massa¬ 
chusetts Horticultural Society on August 4th 
consisted of several large collections of Sweet 
Peas. The finest flowers in twelve unnamed 
varieties were shown by Mr. W. Patterson, 
gardener to Mrs. Charles Francis Adams, of 
Quincy. M. B. Faxon, the Boston seedsman, 
staged twenty-five named varieties, of which 
the finest were Black Purple, with dark, rich, 
purple, nearly black flowers of fine substance 
and color; Butterfly, light, clear lilac; Painted 
Lady, pink and white, clear and very delicate; 
and Invincible, dark, clear scarlet, and by far 
the handsomest flower in the collection. Many 
of the newer varieties are lacking in clearness 
of color, and give evidence that too much at¬ 
tention has been given to the development of 
large flowers at the expense of clear self-colors. 
Sweet Peas are now great favorites with the 
public, and the windows of Boston florists 
often contain beautiful displays of this flower, 
tastefully arranged with Maidenhair Ferns, 
summer carnations and trailing asparagus.. 
Prepare the new onion ground now and 
keep it free of weeds. 
The best way to pull onions is with a potato 
hook or a dull-pointed iron rake—raking out 
one row at a time and raking two rows to¬ 
gether . 
The Horticulturist of the Ohio Ex. Station, 
William J. Green, reports that the Earhart 
blackcap fruited there for the first time last 
season. The plants are vigorous and healthy, 
and apparently productive. It is probably 
one of the best of the everbearing sorts. The 
first crop this season was nearly equal to that 
of most other varieties, and there are still 
considerable numbers of unripe berries and 
blossoms. 
Golden Queen, he says, has proven to be all 
that has been claimed for it. The plants are 
hardy, vigorous, healthy and productive, 
while the fruit is beautiful in appearance and 
of excellent quality. It is an excellent variety 
for home use, and might be profitably grown 
for some markets. 
It is worthy of note that the Cuthbert has 
never given the Ohio Station a crop. At the 
Rural Grounds it is hard to distinguish it 
from the Golden Queen except by the color 
and firmness of the berries. 
Life: “The fondness of the mosquito for the 
human race is one of the most beautiful ex 
amples nature gives us of assiduous, untiring 
undemonstrative affection. * * * The 
Audubon Society has proposed as a means of 
arresting the slaughter of other song-birds, 
that more attention should be given to using 
the plumage of the mosquito for the 
ornamentation of women’s head-gear.”- 
DIRECT. 
Colman’s Rural World: “We have the 
finest of the cereal grains in abundance, an 
infinite variety of the most luscious fruits and 
palatable and agreeable vegetables. Animal 
food is not an essential article of diet at any 
time and when used freely at more than one 
nv>al a day is more injurious than other¬ 
wise.”-Rutland Herald: “The pro¬ 
fits derived from stock fanning may 
usually be credited to the better half 
of the stock kept; the poorer half seldom 
pay the cost of keeping, and often cause losses 
which more than counterbalance the profits 
derived from the opposite class.'’-A. W. 
Cheever in the N E. Farmer : “ The Carman, 
a black cap, has given better satisfaction than 
any black-cap I have tried before. It is 
of good size, juicy for a black-cap, an 
For Seasickness 
l ; se Ilorslord’s Aciil Phosphate. 
Dr. W. W. Blackman, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
says: “I am very much pleased with it in 
seasickness. Several cases have been brought 
to my attention where it afforded prompt and 
entire relief.”— Adv. 
How to SAVE re-shlngllng, STOP 
leaks effectually and cheaply In 
roofs of all kinds, or lay NEW roofs 
Particulars FREE If you mention this paper. 
INDIANA 
ER ROOFINC . 
UNEQUALED 
For House, Barn, 
all out-buildings. 
ANYBODY CAN PUT IT ON. 
PRICE LOW. 
Write for Sample and Book. 
143 Duane 8t., New York City. 
PAINT A. ROOFINC CO. 
excellent bearer and good grower.”- 
N. Y. Times: “As the matter of the dura¬ 
bility of fence posts is important to farmers— 
and it is well proved that locust is the most 
durable of all timber for this purpose, and 
chestnut is next to it—the planting of groves 
of these trees for this use should not be 
neglected.”-Weekly Press: “ Itis claimed 
by some that unless ground feed is mixed with 
cut fodder of some kind, it is carried past the 
first and second stomachs directly to the 
third, and, consequently, does not get remasti¬ 
cated. If there is any disadvantage in this 
arrangement, the cow ought to know it, but 
we would trust her to put a ration of clear 
bran where it would do the most good if she 
had a dozen stomachs.”-Medical Classics: 
“ Observe if there are many pale, thin and 
worn-out looking women and children in the 
neighborhood, and you will have 
fair index as to its healthfulness.”- 
Robert Hale, in theMiunesota State Hort. Soc. 
Report: “ 1 have a great pity for any one 
who does not love flowers. I have a little 
neighbor, one of the finest children I ever saw, 
just able to walk and talk, who loves flowers 
as well as I do, and when he visits me he 
always gets a few for him;elf and a few more 
to take to his mamma, and with the sweetest 
smile I ever saw on the face of a child, the 
‘ thank you ’ he never forgets to return is to 
me the highest compensation that could be re¬ 
turned. I love that child, and all others that 
love flowers.”-Puck : “ What is the ave¬ 
rage politician ? A man who feels the pulse 
of the people ? Who studies their tendencies ? 
Who knows their needs and their wishes ? 
Nothing of the sort. He has as little to do 
with the people as the butcher has to do with 
the cattle on a thousand hills. He knows 
nothing of them; he cares nothing for them. 
He deals only with minor politicians, who con¬ 
tract with him to deliver this, that or the other 
vote, in return for such a division of offices.— 
Trans. Am. Ass’n Nurserymen; “ In no city 
in Europe can you buy as great a variety of 
fine fruit as iu New York, and in no country 
in Europe is fruit within the means of the 
working class as it is in our country.”- 
Mr. Barry: “If apples cost us $10 or $12 per 
barrel, as they do on the other side, one 
would think a great deal more of them.”— 
R0SSIE IRON ORE PAINT. 
Is made from Red Oxide Ore—is the best and most 
durab'e Paint for Tin, Iron, and Shingle Roofs. Barns, 
Farm utensils, etc., will not crack or peel—vfiU protect 
roofs from sparks. Samples free. Ask prices of 
ROSslE IRON ORE PAINT CO., 
Ogdensburg, N. Y. 
THE BEST CATTLE FASTENING! 
SMITH'S 
SELF-ADJUSTING SWING STANCHION, 
The only Practical Swing Stanchion Invented. Thou¬ 
sands in use. Illustrated Circular free. Manufactured 
br F. G. PARSONS ft Co.. Addison. Steuben Co. N. Y 
EPPS’S 
GRATEFUL-COMFORTING 
COCOA 
LICHTNING WELL-SINKING 
MACHINE MAKERS. 
WeU-»inking and prospecting tools sent 
on trial. 5!M feet has been »unk in 8 
hours. Instructions for beginners. An 
Encyclopdia of 800 Engraving, of well 
‘ and prospectors tools, pumps, 
.wind and steam engines. A trea- 
s on gas and oil. Book 
free, mailing charges 
"15 cts.each. 
I he American 
_ WellWorks. 
AURORA, ILLS., 
U. S. A. 
600 ACRES. 
13 GREENHOUSES. 
TREES# PLANTS 
We offer for the Fall trade a large and fine stock 
of every description of FRUIT and Ornamental 
TREKS, Slirubs, Roses, Vines, SMALL 
FRUITS, Hedge Plants, Fruit Tree Seed¬ 
lings and Forest Tree Seedlings. Priced Cata¬ 
logue Fall of 1888, mailed free. Establishe.d 1862. 
BLOOMINGTON(PH(ENIX)NURSERY 
SIDNEY TCTTLE & CO. Proprietors, BLOOMINGTON, ILL. 
Raise No More Wheat 
But make your money out of the Barn and Poultry 
Yard, as the Daiky. Poultry and Doctor Boor tells 
For five 2-ct stamps. (J. G. iliruer, Allentown, Pa 
TREES 
Vines, Root Grafts, Everything. 
No larger stock iu the U. S. No 
No better, cheaper. PIKE CO. 
NUKSUlltS. LOUISIANA MO. 
|pW! 
msUH 
OXFORD DOWN SHEEP! ularltyof 'J’he 
“ Ellen borough ” Flock makes another importa¬ 
tion necessary this season. Selections of yearling 
Rams aDd Ewes have been made by Mr. John Tread- 
■well, the acknowledged leading breeder, and best 
judge in England. Oxfords are the largest of the 
black faced breeds (rams weigh 425 lbs,), are heaviest 
shearers, and will outlive “free wool." At the last 
Smlthfleld, London, Fat Stock Show, Oxford* von 
champion prize for beat mutton sheep at the show, 
and were considered the best class at the last great 
“ Royal.” Address F. C. GOLDSBOROUGH. 
Easton, Talbot Co., Maryland. 
Dehorning Cattle 28 
i. j. 
page book particulars 10 c. 
WICKS, Colorado Springs, Colo. 
SHEEP AND LAMBS. 
Cotswold, South-down, Oxford-down, Shropshire*, 
and Meriuos, bred from our very choicest stock Write 
at once for our special prices for the fall; also Rough- 
coated Collie Puppies. 
W. ATLEE BURPEE ft CO., Philadelphia. Pa 
P 
TO GROW 
is the 
ROFIT ABLE 
PYLE’S RED WINTER APPLE 
a large, red. showy apple; good keeper, and 
abundant bearer. Price, first-class trees, 75 cents, 
sacrmd class 50 cents, each. Write to 
GEORGE ACHE LIS, West Chester, Pa- 
. lERLESS dyes Sold by Druooxst*. 
