“years aftei he had learned to read.” Frobel 
suffered so much from neglect in youth, that 
the remembrance of it was at the bottom of 
his efforts for the early training of children, 
and his noted work on the education of man 
published GO years ago, deals chiefly with the 
first seven years of the child’s life. Galileo 
had a scholary father, and his education began 
very early. Raphael’s training in Art, was 
undoubtedly early as his first instructor, his 
father, died when the boy was but 11. Oliver 
Goldsmith learned his letters from a maid 
servant and went to school at six. Grotius 
made good Latin verses at nine and was ripe 
for University at 12. George Grote’s 
mother grounded him in Latin and fitted him 
for the Grammar School in his sixth year. 
Leibnitz learned Latin for himself at the age 
of eight. Lord Macaulay had written a his¬ 
tory and a Romance before he was eight ; 
Hobbes was put in school at four and was able 
before he was 14 to translate the Medea of 
Euripides (Greek) into Latin iambic verse* 
Hume entered the Greek classes of the Uni¬ 
versity of Edinburgh at 11. Sir Edwin Land¬ 
seer drew well at five, excellently at eight, 
and’was an accomplished draughtsman at 10. 
Horace Greeley learned to read before he could 
talk plainly and was the “ prodigy of the 
neighborhood for his accurate spelling.” 
Mendelssohn played in public when nine years 
old, and at nine, Meyerbeer was rated as the 
best pianist in Berlin. Samuel Morse entered 
Yale College at 14. Prescott, the historian, 
entered Harvard at 15. Margaret Fuller be 
gan the study of Latin at six. James Fenni- 
more Cooper entered Yale at 13. Samuel 
Adams [graduated from Harvard at 18 
Thomas Jefferson did notenter College (Wil¬ 
liam and Mary) until 17 and th<m in his second 
year, in order to make up for time lost, 
studied daily, habitually, 15 hours, and for 
exercise ran at twilight, a mile out of the city 
and back. John Quincy Adams had unusual 
training from infancy. Duuiel Webster used 
to say that he could not remember when he 
did not read—having been taught at such an 
early age—and so on indefinitely. 
Of course, in adducing evidence of this 
character, most people will meet it with the 
argument that it is of no value, as it belongs 
to persons of “talent.” But is it not worth 
while to ask how much early intellectual 
training has to do with the development of 
talent, and how much “ successful ” people are 
indebted to it for their success ? And if the 
“ gain ” of two or three years of time before 
one is 20, is not worth more than twice as 
many thereafter. 
In speaking of artificial heat the Manu¬ 
facturer and Builder says that it is a mistake 
to suppose that steam heat is any “moister’> 
or in any way different from other kinds. 
Air warmed by passing over a steam radiator 
is in no way different from that warmed by a 
stove or hot-air furnace. In fact, the air is 
more likely to be impure in a room heated by 
steam radiators than in one which is heated 
by a hot-air furnace, from which a current of 
fresh air is constantly flowing. 
MANY TOPICS. 
Tomato Catchup ; Jersey Stew; Berwick 
Sponge Cake ; Stoves ; Royal Salt; Bagging 
Crapes. 
The Farm Journal repeats a recipe for 
uncooked tomato catchup every fall because 
of its superior excellence. I tried it and the re¬ 
sult was a very savory ripe tomato pickle, but 
not in the least like the ordinary catchup, and 
I should suggest calling it by some other name. 
Does any one know where the word catchup 
orcatsup comes from? (Webster says probably 
of East Indian origin.-Ed.) I make the regular 
article every year and as the last was spoiled 
by too much cayenne pepper a new recipe seems 
to be needed. One of the housekeepers near 
me, in giving a young cook directions said: 
“Take what cayenne you could put on the 
point of a penknife to a quart.” She also says 
peel the fruit before cooking as it facilitates 
the sifting. She boils it down one-half or 
more perhaps. Tomatoes I find are more 
juicy later in the season. Another good cook 
boils the juice before adding the pulp that it 
may not so easily burn. The better way is to 
make it early in the season but then every 
other work crowds it out. It was also sug¬ 
gested that it is better to add the vinegar as 
each bottle is used. That was a new idea—as 
also another one to cook the tomatoes in the 
vinegar at the first. Certainly the young 
cook might take her choice of several methods 
and if she is careful about the cayenne and 
doesn’t burn it, all will be well. 
Jersey Stew —Though a Jersey woman 
said she never heard of it until a New York 
woman told her how to make it—is not to be 
despised, and may come in handy some day 
when there is no meat except salt pork. 
Cover the bottom of an irou kettle with 
slices of salt pork. Let it fry slowly, turning 
once or twice till well cooked. Into the frying 
mass put enough pared Irish potatoes to cover 
the bottom of the kettle once more. Over 
these place pared sweet potatoes being careful 
these last do not touch the kettle as they scorch 
easily. From the teakettle pour enough hot wa¬ 
ter to nearly cover the potatoes, add pepper 
and salt; cook until done. Meanwhile stir up 
some flour and water for thickening, make it 
thin, so it will pour readily, and add it slowly, 
shaking the kettle but never touching with a 
spoon as this breaks the potatoes. The inten¬ 
tion is to have the gravy smooth and the po¬ 
tatoes whole when it is poured, not dipoed, in 
to the dish for the table. “Tomato catchup is 
almost a necessity with Jersey stew”, was the 
closing remark of the woman who gave me 
these directions. 
Among the old rules for cake,nothing is supe- 
riorto Berwick sponge cake, (Mrs Howardgtves 
her method of making this, on page 6GS.—Ed ) 
and as some may have forgotten it and others 
have an idea it is uncertain or too much work, 
perhaps a repetition may uot be amiss. 
The rule reads: The weight of the eggs in 
sugar and of half the eggs in flour—and add 
lemon juice and rind, or other flavors. But 
it is good enough with only the flavor of fresh 
eggs and sugar. So try a four egg rule as an 
experiment. Put the eggs on the weight part 
of the scales and balance them with granu¬ 
lated sugar. Pour the sugar into the mixing 
bowl and take two of the eggs away. Sift 
flour into the scoop to balance the other two. 
Separate whites from yelks and beat the latter 
thoroughly with the sugar. About five 
minutes vigorous beating is sufficient. Whip 
the whites to a stiff froth and add them and 
the flour to the beaten yelks and sugar at 
once, beating them all together one or two 
minutes. Bake in a flat tin in a moderate 
oven about half an hour. It will recede from 
the side of the pan when done. This cake 
rather improves by keeping, at least for eight 
or 10 days, but it is necessary to put it out of 
sight to do that. Cut it through the top 
crust and .break it—do not slice it through, 
especially the day it is made. 
“B. H. G.” in a late number of the R. N.-Y. 
says some very sensible things as to keeping 
up stoves during summer. For the past two 
years we have done so and nearly every month 
a fire has been made. Our stove is an open 
Franklin for either coal or wood. It is kept 
filled with the handsome cones that fall from 
the evergreens in the yard. Piled up in the 
grate and on the hearths we fancy the stove is 
rather ornamental than otherwise. In the 
end, the cones make a delightful blaze to 
brighten up a Fall evening. It is surprising 
how much more interesting it is to gather 
cones and twigs for an open file than for the 
cooking of meals. 
If the tea-kettle hung on the crane as in the 
old days would it be the same? Probably not. 
Then the open fire was associated with tired 
backs and smutty fingers, not to mention eyes 
filled with smoke and faces scorched in at¬ 
tending to toasts and roasts. Butanopen fire 
to rest by is a foretaste of the millennium, per¬ 
haps—it will hardly do to say of Heaven. 
Does any one know, practically, whether 
“Royal Salt” advertised in the Rural is 
what it claims to be—a positive preventive of 
rancid butter ? Is it as good as imported salt ? 
(Will some one having used this salt, please 
report? Ed.) Who wants to use anything im¬ 
ported if the same or better can be made in, 
the United States ? 
We have just finished the grape harvest, 
Concords. There was no fruit to speak of ex¬ 
cepting in the bags, and many of them were 
torn by the rain and wind or blown away. A 
few were in good condition, so that for the 
2,200 bags put on, we had about 200 pounds of 
fine large grapes. Most of the bagging was 
done while the grapes were in blossom. Some 
before the buds had opened. As the rosebug 
came down like the wolf on the fold, very soon 
after the fragrant blossoms announced them¬ 
selves, it is evident we should have had no 
fruit at all only ,for the early work with the 
bags. And as the rot began its ravages soon 
after the grapes formed, probably that would 
have destroyed the crop had there been no 
bugs. 
As a financial operation, our bagging was 
not a great success : but we have had the 
fruit for home use and should have gone with¬ 
out otherwise. Bagged grapes bring from 2% 
to 3 )4 cents per pound,from manufacturers of 
unfermented wine. It will be interesting to 
hear the reports of those who applied 20,000 
bags or more and paid 75 cents per thousaud 
for the bags and as much more for pinning 
them on. 
Ives grapes seem uot to have suffered much 
from either the rot or the rosebug. 
MRS ALICE R. DODGE. 
Cumberland Co. N. J. 
Charles Dudley Warner speaking of in¬ 
teresting people in Harper’s Monthly, says of 
women that some are interesting for five 
minutes, some for 10, some for an hour; some 
are not exhausted in a whole day; and some 
(and this shows the signal leniency of Prov¬ 
idence) are perennially entertaining, even in 
the presence of masculine stupidity. 
Mr. Warner is impressed with the ex¬ 
cellence of the schools and colleges for women 
—impressed also with the co educating in¬ 
stitutions. He thinks there is no sight more 
inspiring tbau an assemblage of four or five 
hundred young women attacking literature, 
science, and all the arts—and that the grace 
and courage of the attack alone are worth all 
it costs. All the arts and science and lifera 
ture are benefited, but he says one of the chief 
purposes that should be in view is unattained 
if the young women are not made more in¬ 
teresting, both to themselves and to others. 
Finally he would suggest that the education 
of our daughters be directed towards makinr 
them interesting women, and add what a 
fascinating country this would be about the 
year 1898. 
HOUSEWORK. 
How many women are there who look upon 
their housework as their work, their business, 
and realize that they save by doing their own 
work, just what it would cost to hire the same 
work done, in addition to boarding the help 
aside from securing that delightful privacy 
which is lost with hired help about? Who 
ever heard a man complain because his daily 
work takes all his tune, leaving none for some 
other business; yet we frequently hear house¬ 
keepers making just this complaint, as though 
they begrudged the time necessary for their 
work, as though it were no employment of 
theirs, but au unavoidable reality imposing it¬ 
self upon them, consuming time rightfully be¬ 
longing to some other pursuit. Such women 
make a mistake in doing work that calls forth 
a daily remonstrance and if possible, they 
should employ their time more to their taste 
and hire the dreaded kitchen work done. 
Because a woman does her own housework 
it does not necessarily follow that her whole 
mind and tune are to be monopolized by cook¬ 
ing and cleaning, although every woman 
knows or should know before becoming a 
housekeeper, that cooking and cleaniug are 
realities that do consume both time and 
strength. But it is the privilege of every 
woman to make her work as light as possible 
—to so arrange a system of work that it will 
not require her whole time, but the time 
actually‘necessary for the work should not be 
considered as belonging to anything else, as 
so much time lost, for it is not, and the women 
who keep up a continual grumbling, do them¬ 
selves an injustice and create a ‘dislike for 
housework in their daughters. 
MEDORA CORBETT. 
DAISY CRULLERS. 
Three quarts of flour, nine teaspoonfuls oi 
baking powder, in the flour, three eggs, three 
cups of sugar, one lump of butter size of a 
hickory nut but not a bit larger, one cup of 
milk, three good-size boiled potatoes mashed, 
nutmeg to taste. Mash the potatoes while hot, 
put sugar, butter, eggs and milk in when cool. 
Makes one hundred crullers. Put into a stone 
pot and keep in a cool place as long as they last. 
They will keep moist and good for some time. 
SPONGE CAKE. 
One cup of sugar, one cup of flour, a small 
spoonful of baking powder in flour. Mix 
yelks with sugar, whites beat to a froth, and 
add. Put flour in last. Stir quickly and 
just enoug h to get the flour in. 
MRS. P. V. B. DEMAREST. 
St 3 s Easy to Dye 
WITH 
PljmOHBjJyfS 
Superior 
IN 
Strength, 
Fastness. 
Beauty, 
AND 
Simplicity. 
Warranted to color more goods than any 
other dyes ever made, and to give moie bril¬ 
liant and durable colors. Ask for tlie Dia¬ 
mond, and take no other; 36 colors, 10 cts. each. 
WELLS, RICHARDSON & CO., Burlington, lit. 
For Gilding or Bronzing Fancy Articles USE 
DIAMOND PAINTS. 
Gold, Silver, Bronze, Copper. Only to cts. 
Portraits. 
A Portfolio of beautiful baby pic¬ 
tures from life, 1 rinted on line 
plate paper by patent photo 
process, sent irce to Mother of 
any Baby bom within a year. 
Every Mother wants these 
pictures; send at once. Give 
Baby’s name and age. 
uuciic mnuAnnsnw & r.n . 
u 
WASTE 
■ 
EMBROIDERY SILK 
1 
I 
Factory Ends at half price; one ounce In a 
box—all good Silk and good colors. Sent by 
mail on receipt of -id cents. 100 Crazy Stitches 
in ench package. Send Postal note or Stamps 
to THE BRAINERD & AIHINTUONG Sl’OOI. 
SILK CO., 021 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
or 409 Broadway, New York. 
L 
MEITTXOIT 
PIANOS FROM 
$150 to $1500 
flinORT 
ORGANS from 
$35 to $500. 
Famous for Beauty, Sweetness. 
Durability. No Agents. Sent 
from factory direct to purchaser. 
You save the enormous exitonsos 
(of agents. Guaranteed six 
• years, and sent for trial in your 
town home. VICTORIOUS for 
g HO YEARS. Catalogue free. 
MarchaU Smith,235E.21stSt.N.Y 
III health modifies all possible goodness. 
Restore your health by using Warner’s Log 
Cabin Sarsaparilla. It purifies the blood, 
regulates the liver. Try it—120 doses for 
§1.00. Sold by your druggist. There is no 
Sarsaparilla “just as good.” Get it. 
(t7G. on to DO A Month can be made 
IU wording f or us . Agents 
preferred who can furnish a horse and give their whole 
time 1 o the business. Spare momen is may be profitably 
employed also. A few vacancies in towns and cities. 
B. F. JOHNSON & CO.. 1009 Main St„ Richmond. Va. 
TlflftTfS Forming with Green Manures 
The Fourth Edition now ready. Price 
bound in paper, 05 cts; In cloth, 8 jtl. Will be sent 
for cash, free of postage. Address 
DR. HARLAN, Wilmington, Delaware. 
to #8 a day. Samples worth SI. 50, FREE. Lines 
not under the horse’s feet. Write Brewster 
Hatetv Rein Holder Go., Holly. Mian. 
GOLD 
FKKU. 
Live at home and make more money working for un tha» 
I nt anything elso in the world. Either nex. Costly outfit 
Terms Fltuic. Address, Tkuk <k Co.. Augusta. Maine. 
A P CM TO WANTED. Men or Women. Address 
HUQrl I O SWEDISH MFG. CO., Pittsburg, Pa. 
9 PCIITC for Catalogue of hundreds of useiul Artl- 
t. ULU I d cles less than Wholesale Prices. Apts, and 
Dealt.: rssell large an.inti ties. Cll ICAOO SCALK CO.. Chicago. 
CALIFORNIA 
V Southern Ciilifu 
JOHN R 
For free information concern¬ 
ing Agricultural I.and in 
lilornia, address with stamp, 
1S1.ER, San Diego, Cal. 
pterfUanratt# gMvertiising. 
THE CHAMPION 
Blood-purifier, Ayer’s Sarsaparilla leads 
an others in age, merit, and popularity. It 
tones up the system, improves the appetite, 
strengthens the nerves, and vitalizes the 
Blood. Just what you need. Try it. 
“ I am selling your goods freely, and more 
of AVer’s Sarsaparilla than of all other blood- 
medicines put together.”—R. A. McWilliams. 
Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Ayer’s Sarsaparilla, 
Prepared by Dr. .T. C. Ayer &Co., Lowell, Mass 
Price $1; six bottles, §5. Worth §5 a bottle. 
General Advertising Rates of 
THD RURAL NSW - YORKER. 
34 PARK ROW, NEW YORK. 
The following rates are invariable. All are there¬ 
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futile. 
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Preferred positions.25 per cent, extra. 
Reading Notices, ending with “Adv.,” per 
line, minion leaded...75 oents. 
Terms of Subscription. 
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M mv.CX vr.'.ln ; 
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