4888 
867 
THE H01UML HIW-TOBREH. 
breeds, it is well to mix the eggs, or give the 
hens chicks of different colors as soon as they 
are hatched. This will induce the hens to be 
tolerant to chicks of different colors. A hen 
with all white chicks is often cruel to colored 
ones, and vice versa. 
As soon as hens begin to lay in the coops 
which hold their chicks, they should be given 
their liberty and induced to lay in their 
houses. h. h. 
CHICKEN COOP. 
Cut two pieces from a board 18 inches wide, 
one two feet long, the other one inch shorter. 
Cut a back from a board of the same width 
about two feet five inches long on the bottom 
and one foot 11 inches on the other two sides. 
Nail the sides together as in a, put in the back 
inside of the side-pieces. Next make a frame 
of lath, b (see Fig. 187), that will fit inside of a 
for the front. Now nail two cleats on the 
inside of a, as in c; place the frame, b, against 
the cleats, then put two buttons on the coop 
with which to fasten the frame in. The advan 
tage of this coop is thatwheu not in use the front 
may be taken out, and the coops piled up, so 
that each takes up little room when it is put 
under shelter. t. j. s. 
Eagle, Wis. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
(Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attention. Before 
asking a question, please see If It is not answered In 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few' questions at 
one time. Put questions on a separate piece of paper. 
BOTS IN HORSES; COLIC IN A HORSE; LUNG 
FEVER, ETC. 
A. 77. 77., Rayville , Md. —1. A valuablo 
horse troubled with hots, that had been worked 
all day, was taken sick at 4 p. m., and died at 
11 a. m. next’day. The'carcass was cut open 
and the maw was found completely eaten 
away. How should a horse infected with bots 
be treated? 2. What is a remedy for colic in 
a horse? 3. What is good for lung fever and 
water trouble in horses? 
answered by dr. f. l. kilborne. 
The horse evidently died of a ruptured 
stomach, caused'..by an attack of colic or in¬ 
digestion. Bots rarely if ever even perforate 
the walls of the stomach (sometimes called 
maw) and they certainly never “eat a horse’s 
maw up.” They do not eat the stomach 
at all, but simply attach themselves to the 
wall, where they cause more or less irritation, 
depending upon their situation and numbers. 
Tho bots may have been the cause of the colic 
or iudigestiou; but [the degenerated appear¬ 
ance of the stomach was undoubtedly the re¬ 
sult of inflammation. At this season of the 
year no treatment can be given to remove the 
Dots, as they will resist any medicines that 
would not kill the horse. During late spring 
or early summer they pass from the horse 
with the dung, crawl into the ground where 
they soon undergo transformations and then 
emerge as the bot-fly that worries the horse 
by laying its eggs upon the hair at the throat, 
breast and forelegs in late summer and au¬ 
tumn. The eggs from the throat drop into 
his food as they hatch, and those on the breast 
and legs are licked off with the tongue and 
swallowed. Then they become the bots 
of the next winter and spring. Bots can be 
easily prevented by trimming the long hairs 
from the regions where the eggs are laid, as 
soon as the bot-flies appear, and every night 
washing off all eggs with strong soap-suds that 
have been laid there during the day. This is 
the only known effectual treatment. A horse 
that is suffering from colic or indigestion in 
spring may usually be benefited by a dose of 
physic—four to eight drams of the best aloes 
’yrhich k will hasten the expulsion of bots .the 
when present. 2. For a general rule, the best 
remedy to give at the very outset of an attack 
of colic in mules or horses, is a strong purga¬ 
tive-four to eight drams of Barbadoes aloes 
according to the size, condition and previous 
feeding of the animal. This should be fol¬ 
lowed by copious injections of warm water as 
hot as the band can bear. In mild attacks no 
further medical treatment is necessary. But 
where there is much pain some temporary re¬ 
lief should be afforded without waiting for 
the aloes to operate. For this purpose a great 
variety of prescriptions are commonly given 
that are more or less effectual. Nearly every 
practitioner has a “colic” prescription of his 
own, although this may be, and frequently is, 
varied to suit an emergency. One of the nest 
simple prescriptions is, two drams each of sul¬ 
phuric ether and extract of belladonna, given 
in one-half pint of oil. Sweet spirits of niter 
or carbonate of ammonia may replace the 
ether or two of them may be given together; 
while opium, chloral, aconite, etc., may be 
given in the place of belladonna, but tho bel¬ 
ladonna is preferable. A favorite combina¬ 
tion with some is, one to two ounces of tinc¬ 
ture of opium with two to three ounces of sweet 
spirits of niter given in a”pint of [water or 
gruel. Two grains of morphia dissolved in pure 
water and given hypodermically will afford 
relief in a few minutes, and when at hand, 
may be given in preference to any of the 
above or in connection with smaller doses. 
Where there is much tympany or bloating, one 
or two ounces of oil of turpentine given in 
milk, oil or eggs, or the carbonate of ammonia, 
two to four drams in a cold solution, are ex¬ 
cellent. Externally, active friction or hot 
bandages to the abdomen afford relief. Walk¬ 
ing exercise is excellent, and should be kept 
up until relieved. Agents, like common cook¬ 
ing soda, are frequently given and usually af¬ 
ford speedy relief; but there is danger that 
their introduction into a stomach already filled 
with gas may suddenly increase the volume 
of gas, and cause rupture of the stomach. 
Halt is sometimes recommended, but as com¬ 
monly used, per rectum, probably affords very 
little relief. The important point in the treat¬ 
ment of colic is the giving of purgatives and 
injections to remove the cause; but in the 
meantime it is well to relieve the pain by the 
administration of anodynes and antispasmod- 
ics, as given above. It is quite probable that 
at any time a second attack would occur with 
less provocation than if the first had not oc¬ 
curred. 3. We cannot answer such indefinite 
general queries as “lung fever” and “water 
trouble,” either of which may refer to any 
one of several diseases affecting these organs. 
The syinptoms[and, history of the case, as far 
as known, shoukFalways be given. I would 
advise you'to procure “The Farmer’s Veter¬ 
inary Adviser,” by Dr. James Law, Ithaca, 
N. Y., price $3, for further information on 
these as well as other diseases of the horse. 
..“splints;” swelling of a colt’s throat. 
Subscriber (no address). —1. A valuable 
colt coming two years old, has a bunch on the 
lower inside of each front leg half way be¬ 
tween the fetlock and knee. I have reduced 
the swellings ’somewhat’by^rubbing. Can I 
remove them in this way or should I apply a 
blister? 2. Another colt, nearly one year old, 
was born with a hard bunch, about as large 
as a walnut, on the under side of his neck. I 
did nothing for it, thinking it would disappear. 
This spring it began to enlarge, until now it is 
as large as a hen’s egg. It seems to be at¬ 
tached to the wind-pipe, but not firmly, as it 
can be moved with the hand. What treat¬ 
ment should be given? 
ANSWERED BY DR. F. L. KILBORNE. 
1. If the colt is worked in gradually, the 
splints ar6 not likely to make him lame. Mild 
blisters or a good active liniment (see Horse 
Liniments, in the F. C. for Nov. 12, 1887), 
might now be applied every three or four 
weeks, to further reduce the growth. But do 
not blister severely so as to set up extensive 
inflammation, which might do more harm than 
good, by increasing instead of diminishing the 
splints. 2. Without a personal examination 
wo could not be quite sure as to what the 
swelling is. Paint with tincture of iodine 
twice a week for several weeks. If the iodine 
does not reduce it, call a competent veterina¬ 
rian to examine the enlargement and deter¬ 
mine its motive. 
APPLES FOR DELAWARE AND NEW JERSEY. 
Subscriber , Sharptown , Md. —1. What is 
the best early market apple for Sussex Co., 
Delaware? 2. What is the best market apple 
for New Jersey? 3. Where can I get bass 
bark for tying buds? 
ANSWERED BY E. WILLIAMS. 
1. Mr. J. S. Brown in a paper read before 
the Peninsula Horticultural Society at its 
meeting in Dover, Del., in January last, gives 
the following as a safe list of market apples 
to select from: Yellow—Early Harvest, Early 
Ripe, Yellow Transparent, Parry White, 
Nyack Pippin, Sweet and Sour Bough. Red 
S. B. Apple, North Carolina Red June, 
Williams’s Red, Red Astrac.han, Summer 
Rose, Unknown, Bibbing, Hagloe and Tetof- 
, sky. Second ordor of ripening, Gravensteiu, 
Duchess of Oldenburg and Maiden’s Blush. 
As to the best of these, authorities will and do 
differ. Mr. Brown thought the Nyack Pippin 
the most valuable. If our correspondent in¬ 
tends engaging in fruit growing he should 
identify himself with those engaged in the busi¬ 
ness in his vicinity, for home testimony and 
home experience are the most valuable guides. 
2. The Now Jersey State Horticultural Soci¬ 
ety’s fruit list names as early market varie¬ 
ties: Early Harvest, Nyack Pippin, Primate, 
Red Astraehan, Summer Rose, Hagloe, Sweet 
Bough, Oldenburg, Gravenstein, aud Maiden’s 
Blush. 3. Apply to some of the leading nurs¬ 
ery mau, several of whom advertise bass bark 
at the appropriate season. 
COLLAR GALLS IN HORSES. 
C. H. 7?., Gaine, N. Y. —What will prevent 
horses from having collar galls owing to hard 
spring work, and how should they be treated? 
Ans.—A most important point is to have 
good collars and have them fit the animal per¬ 
fectly. Zinc fittings at the top of the collar 
are excellent for the top of the neck. When 
the horses are brought in at noon and also at 
night the collar should be removed if the ani¬ 
mal has been sweating, and tho nock and 
shoulders, as well as the collar, should be rub¬ 
bed clean and dry. Cleanliness and well-fit¬ 
ting collars will usually prevent sore necks 
and shoulders. If the collar begins to chafe 
the skin, wash with water as hot as the hand 
can bear, and bathe night and morning with a 
solution of acetate of lead (2-3 drams in each 
pint of water), spirits of camphor, bay rum, 
or a solution of common salt. If the surface 
becomes raw, apply oxide of zinc or glycerine 
and aloes ointment, and continue until healed. 
In this case especially tho collar shoidd be 
padded so as not to press upon the sore. 
Miscellaneous. 
W. L. K., St. Joseph , Mich. —A colt of 
mine, foaled last September, is passing a large 
quantity of white worms about an inch long 
and sharp-pointed. The colt was weaned in 
February, and seems to be doing well. His 
dam is troubled in the same way. What 
should be done* 
Ans. —See “Intestinal Worms in a Horse,” 
in answer to query of G. W. S., in the Farm¬ 
er’s Club of May 12. These pin-worms are 
most effectually removed by the injections 
therein mentioned. The internal treatment is 
for other worms that live further up in the 
bowels aud cannot be reached by injections. 
It is always well to follow both forms of treat¬ 
ment, because an animal with a large number 
of pin-worms is very liable to have other in¬ 
testinal worms. The colt may receive one- 
eighth of tho dose prescribed for the adult. 
,/. F. E., New Boston , Mich. —One of my 
neighbors has a cow that dropped her calf 
about April'l. Her bag at the time had 
quite a hard swelling all through. That swell¬ 
ing disappeared, however, but at the upper 
end of her teats is a hard knot or lump, about 
the size of a bean, which stops the flow of 
milk, so that she gives but very little. The 
calf sucks her yet, but doesn’t get enough, so 
that has to be fed a little. What is the trou¬ 
ble, and how can it be cured? 
Ans. —The lumps may yet disappear of 
themselves. If not, paint compound tincture 
of iodine all around the base of the teats, two 
or three times a week for several weeks. If 
they do not then go away they will probably 
have to be cut out, but this can best be done 
after the cow is dry. 
Fort Recovery, Ohio. —Do cows or other 
cattle have the asthma? A cow of mine 
breathes as if she were troubled with that dis¬ 
ease; what should be done for her? 
Ans. —The cow may have tuberculosis with 
enlargement'of the glands of the throat. If 
not, there is probably a constriction or abnor¬ 
mal growth along the air-passages, most likely 
about the throat. We cannot diagnose the 
difficulty more definitely from your descrip¬ 
tion. If possible, consult a veterinarian, be¬ 
cause if due to tuberculosis, the cow is danger¬ 
ous to other cattle with which it may come in 
contact, and until the suspicion is removed 
the milk should not be used unless boiled. 
J. G ., Petaluma , Cal.— On each shoulder of 
my horse there is a swelling caused by the col¬ 
lar working on the point of the shoulder. The 
tumor is about \% inch in diameter, and is 
movable with the skin. The thing is evidently 
painful, and although the horse has a sweat 
collar the place is getting sore. What should 
be done with it? 
A NSi _See answer to E. C. B., in this de¬ 
partment of the present issue. If a lump still 
remains after healing, apply tincture of iodine 
twice a week for several weeks. Care must 
be taken to have the pressure removed from 
the sore until healed. 
T. R. W., Roselle , N. J .—My grape-vines 
put out from one to three buds at every joint, 
which seem to be too many; should they be 
left on, or reduced to one at each joint? 
When should they be removed, now or after 
they are fully developed? 
Ans. —It is best to rub off all but one shoot, 
saving the strongest.” The sooner this is done 
the better. 
G. F. A ., Memphis , Term. —There is a 
beautiful honeysuckle some distance from my 
house, how' can I get a plant from it nearer 
home? 
Ans. —You may make short cuttings—say 
six inches long, leaving a leaf or so at the top. 
Insert these firmly in sand or mellow soil, 
and keep them watered until they take root. 
D. D. B., Ringtoivn, Pa. —The insects you 
send are specimens of tho Grape-vine Flea 
Beetle. See answer to F. Q,. in this issue. 
A.M. G., Bunker Hill, III. —Who is a relia¬ 
ble dealer in old coins, in New York City? 
Ans. —D. M. Torrey, corner Ann and Nas¬ 
sau Sts., New York. 
CORRECTION. 
Insecticides, page 333.— Instead of “a tea¬ 
spoonful of Paris-green to 60 quarts of water,” 
please read to 16 quarts of water. 
w. falconer. 
DISCUSSION. 
THE ENSILAGE PROBLEM. 
F. O. C., Washington, Kan.— I am a good 
deal interested in silage, as I carry a good 
many cattle through the winter. Silage has 
never been tried in this part of Kansas, so we 
kuow nothing about it practically. In read¬ 
ing the Rural New-Yorker’s Special En¬ 
silage Issue, I find that Professor A. J. Cook 
cuts his corn just as it is glazed, and preserves 
it in an air-tight silo, for when the air will not 
be excluded the silage will spoil. Another 
writer, Mr. C. S.’.Rice, of New York State, 
“whose experience with corn fodder extends 
over a period [of 40 years,” “cuts his corn 
when tho tassels are[’perfectly developed, as 
the fodder has'thendts 'greatest value.” The 
corn fodder is immediately “cocked up in 
large cocks,” and ,he has “never suffered a 
dollar’s loss by sourness, mold or rot.” “It 
can’be fedJfrom'those[cocks through Septem¬ 
ber, October and November, aud will continue 
as good as when cut.” In the light of this 
revelation, whatsis the use of [Mr. S. M. Col- 
cord’s device,"or apparatus, that goes into the 
silo, or why will Mr. E. G. Fuller advocate or 
even allow the farmers of Wisconsin to throw 
away money enough to build 2,000 silos, in one 
season, when the fodder can be preserved just 
as well, and with much less labor, under the 
free “blue canopy of Heaven,” at least for 
the throe months above mentioned? Those 
who have silos or barns could use them, and 
those who have not could cock the fodder in 
the field,as in this plan the corn-fodder “set¬ 
tles together very closely, and water and air 
are excluded by the broad leaves,” and I pre¬ 
sume it would keep just as well in a large barn 
as in a large cock, the air and water being ex¬ 
cluded by the broad leaves in both instances. 
I take it that the point of Mr. Rice’s success 
is that he “cuts the corn” when the tassels are 
perfectly developed, “and not later when 
the fodder is partly matured,” as “half 
dried fodder will mould when placed 
in the cock.” I know this to be a 
fact, as I filled my barn with what I called 
dry fodder, that got so hot][iu a few days that 
I had the men carry it out and scatter it over 
the farm to cool, and I have had it heat on 
the wagon when I cut some to do over Sun¬ 
day, even after it was dry enough to shock. 
I have fed a good deal of corn fodder, but 
never with very satisfactory results, except 
when it was fed immediately after being cut. 
I will try a small quantity this fall on the 
Rice plan, as experience with me is of great 
value, and success after 40 years’ experience 
has great weight. If corn will keep in this 
way, why will not oats, the ouly precaution 
being to cut aud stack before any of it becomes 
mature enough to mold? To increase my 
stock of winter feed, I had thought I would 
plow my oats stubble as soon as possible after 
cutting the oats, and sow again to oats for a 
second crop, cutting it for hay. Would it do 
to stack it green? 
LIME AND SALT IN THE HAY MOW. 
E. B. V. , New Brunswick, N. J.—I notice 
this subject has been discussed of late in the 
Rural. The exact value of lime, as used in 
the preservation of hay, has not been deter¬ 
mined by experiment. There would be no 
chemical action between the lime in the quan¬ 
tities recommended and well cured hay. The 
only effect likely to be exerted by the lime 
would be to prevent fermentation and to de¬ 
stroy any fungoid growths. Hence hay stored 
before proper curing, or that which has been 
wet and not thoroughly .dried, would be bene- 
