supplied at the figure he gives as the export 
price. Who can suppose that manufacturers 
of oil-meal would ship out of the country 
80,000 tons at $23, if they could get $40 to $50 
per ton at home!! 
E. S. Goff, Experiment Station, Gen¬ 
eva, N. Y.—As to the testing of the new 
fruits at experiment stations, to which refer¬ 
ence is made on page 309, I would say that 
the New York station was the first one to pro¬ 
pose a systematic testing of the newer varie¬ 
ties of fruits, and to promise protection 
to those who chose to send plants for 
trial. January 3, 1888,1 issued a circular call¬ 
ing attention to the fact that we would do 
this work. This was the first circular of 
the kind ever issued in this country. It was 
sent to all who advertise anything new in 
the agricultural or horticultural journals, and 
as a result 480 new varieties of fruits came to 
our station by mail. 
S. M., Cabot, Vt.— G. L. W., who, in a 
late Rural, asked how to make his cherry 
trees bear fruit, may do so by grafting on 
them cions from “perfect-flowered” cherry 
trees. The blossoms must come at the same 
time. The experiment is easily tried and 
may work wonders. 
Brazilian Flour Corn — The so-called 
“flour corn” is a true maize, and when ground 
the product is Indian meal. It is white and 
contains less oil than the ordinary flint or dent 
varieties of corn, but has none of the flavor of 
wheat flour when made into bread or other 
cookery. It makes excellent Johnny-cake, or 
may be cooked in any way like other corn- 
meal. The corn is worth a trial—on a small 
scale at first—for just what it is, but the at¬ 
tempt to palm it off under the pretense that 
the meal is similar in flavor to wheat flour is a 
fraud. It is in no way related generically to 
Millo Maize, which is a sorghum. The old 
“Tuscarora” which makes a very white flour¬ 
like meal, has of late been called “Flour 
Corn.” As a green corn it is preferred by 
those who do not like the great sweetness of 
“Sweet”or “Sugar Corns.” 
The above is copied from the American Ag¬ 
riculturist for July. Wo would reply that the 
Brazilian Flour Corn is not worth a trial, 
north of, let us say, Philadelphia, for the reason 
that it will not ripen; while, except in favora¬ 
ble seasons, it would not ripen north of Wash¬ 
ington. We are writing from experience, 
having raised the corn during the season after 
its first announcement. South of Washington 
it is well worthy of trial. It bears more ears 
to a stalk than any variety of corn we have 
ever tried. When ground it is certainly In¬ 
dian meal, but it has decidedly some of the 
flavor of wheat flour and very little of the 
corn flavor. We have eaten of two “batches” 
of biscuit made from this flour, and there was 
not one of the seven among us that could de¬ 
tect the slightest corn flavor. These biscuits 
were made of fine flour (not meal.) The flavor 
was sweet and delicious, the texture as fine as 
that of any bread made from wheat flour. 
“The attempt to palm it off under the pretense 
that the meal is similar in flavor to wheat 
flour,” can scarcely be designated, therefore, 
as “a fraud.” 
WHICH MAY REMIND YOU. 
Garden and Forest says what is unques¬ 
tionably true, though we are sometimes in¬ 
clined to criticize the glowing descriptions and 
highly colored pictures of novelties in nursery¬ 
men’s catalogues, yet these same catalogues 
must take rank among the most effective means 
of disseminating information of practical val¬ 
ue concerning trees and shrubs and fruits and 
flowers. 
It is to the trial grounds of the great nurser¬ 
ies, more than to any other place, that planters 
have been obliged to turn for object-lessons fn 
cultivation, and for instruction as to hardi¬ 
ness, the beauty and the distinctive charac¬ 
teristics of trees and plants for the forest, the 
orchard and garden... 
Major Alvord condemns dehorning in to- 
to. He says, in the Cultivator (Boston), that 
it is cruel, aud argues that it does not render 
cattle less pugnacious. W here is the enthus¬ 
iastic dehoruer who will support a well-con¬ 
ducted experiment by applying his principles 
to a herd of fine dairy cattle (horned) to test 
the effect for a term of years 1 This would 
seem to be, as Prof. Alvord says, as suggested 
by the R. N.-Y., a proper subject for one of the 
State agricultural experiment stations, but 
the expense would be heavy, and it is almost 
too much to ask of any of them. 
There is no doubt at all that to cut off the 
horns of an animal is intensely painful, and in 
this sense cruel. But the question is whether 
horns are pqt the cause of greater suffering. 
Dq we pft)jsj?» jipedless pain by cutting off the 
horns of cattle, or do wo lessen the sum-total 
of suffering by removing them ?. 
The analyses of corn stover (not fodder 
corn) shows, according to Director H. P. Arms- 
by, of the Pennsylvania Experiment Station, 
that while it contains a large amount of di¬ 
gestible carbohydrates, it is quite deficient in 
digestible protein, so that its special value lies 
in the fact that it furnishes an abundant and 
cheap supply of digestible carbohydrates. 
Alone, it is not adapted to be the exclusive 
food of domestic animals, except, perhaps, for 
the simple wintering of stock. If any mater¬ 
ial growth or production of milk or meat is 
desired, the stover must be supplemented by 
some other feeding stuff which will make good 
its deficiency in protein. Such feeding stuffs 
are, for example, cotton-seed meal, malt 
sprouts, brewers’ grains, gluten-meal, oil-meal, 
etc. 
Josiah Hoopes says, in the N. Y. Tribune, 
that, taking everything into consideration, 
the Japan Quince (Cydonia Japonica) is our 
most valuable shrub for ornamental hedges... 
Bushels, not Acres.-— A writer in the 
Mirror aud Farmer declares that farmers are 
governed too much by acres, and not enough 
by bushels. They decide to plant so many 
acres, and then make their mamu'e go over it, 
and it is apt to be pretty thin. The rule 
should be to put on all the manure the crop 
can use, and stop when the manure is gone.... 
Mr. Hoard says that no cow that has to 
canter over three acres of pasture, worth $20 
per acre, to get a lean living, ever made any 
clean profit for the man who owns her. 
Col. Curtis explains, in the Albany Culti¬ 
vator, that he sows Swedes in drills two and a 
half feet apart, using one pound of seed for 
an acre. It is well, perhaps, to use more seed 
and to thin the plants out, as soon as they are 
well up, to one or two plauts in a place every 
16 inches. The weeds should not be al¬ 
lowed to get a start. The last of June is the 
best time to put in the Swedes in the more 
northern latitudes. They will then grow lar¬ 
ger. For table use, it is time enough to put 
in the seed any time before the middle of July. 
Flat turnips should be sown in July, and 
the 25th is the old rule. Wood ashes are an 
excellent fertilizer and so are the commercial 
manures at the rate of from two to five hun¬ 
dred pounds per acre. One pound of seed is 
enough for an acre, if the crop is designed to 
be harvested and stored for winter use. If 
the turnips are intended for a late pasture, 
more seed may be used. It is well, and in fact 
best, to work the turnip land long enough be¬ 
fore seeding to allow the weeds to grow, aud 
then, with the last tilling, they will be killed 
out. It would be well to roll the turnip land 
several times, if it is lumpy. Col. Curtis 
deems Red-top Strap-leaf the best variety for 
field-culture. 
The agricultural Editor of the Philadelphia 
Weekly Press says that the fact of the busi¬ 
ness is that no one can tell what horns are 
good for on the head of a domesticated ani¬ 
mal. A dairyman with a herd of highly- 
bred cows may feel loth to change their ap¬ 
pearance ou the score of looks alone, but the 
Press Editor’s belief, after dehorning a herd 
of 30 milch cows, is that they give more 
and better milk, aud he knows they are more 
companionable and quiet. So far it seems to 
have paid from the standpoint of utility and 
comfort. He simply puts this on record as a 
point of personal experience and gives no 
advice to others.A writer in the above 
journal says that there is no insect in the 
garden more easily driven off than the striped 
squash bug. He grows melons and squashes 
by the thousand hills. As soon as the young 
plants and the beetles appear he dusts the 
hills with very fine bone-flour. The “ bugs 
go at once”. 
DIRECT. 
N. Y. Times: “Any farmer who will give 
buckwheat an equal chance with oats or corn 
will easily be surprised at the result. If a 
piece of land that can be put in no other crop 
is now plowed and then manured, or fertilized 
liberally, if with no more than 250 or 300 
pounds per acre, the farmer will be amazed to 
find what this humble plant will do even on a 
poor, abandoned piece of laud. We have reap¬ 
ed 75 bushels per acre of this grain from a 
good piece of land that would have grown 40 
or 50 bushels of oats, and a bushel of buck¬ 
wheat for feeding is easily worth 25 per cent. 
more than oats.”-American Dairyman: 
“The fact is, any one cau tell whether or not 
a woman can make good butter by looking at 
her baby. If it is untidy and ill-kept you can 
set that woman down as no butter maker, but 
if it is sweet and clean we would bet on her 
every time.”-—Weekly Press; “Give the 
cows each u teacupfql of powdered charcoal 
occasionally.” . . . “If the breeding sows 
are fed beef scraps they will not eat their 
yoqng. Tl) e y prefer beef to pork.”— 
C. P. Goodrich: “I will never again buy a cow 
from a man who habitually starves his cattle. 
You might as well try to make a whistle out 
of a pig’s tail, as to try to make a good milker 
of a cow that was starved when young, and 
was descended from starved ancestors, no 
matter how good blood was in her.”- 
Hoard’s Dairyman: “One thing we wish to 
impress upon all who contemplate building 
silos. Don’t run the inside layer of boards in 
the silo up and down. Put on both courses 
horizontally! Do not use matched lumber. 
Use just true-edged lumber, put on with a 
half lap to break joints. The up-and-down 
lumber furnishes cracks between the boards 
for the escape of gas, and the after entrance 
of air to take its place, that are not afforded by 
the horizontal boarding.”-Puck: “It 
takes a strike to make men stand around.”- 
Kansas City Live Stock Indicator: “Why 
should worthless curs be permitted toencum. 
ber the earth?”--Husbandman: “Can a 
man be called independent when he declares 
his willingness to vote with the party, no 
matter who is nominated?”- 
Delaware. 
Dover, Kent Co., June 24.—May was un¬ 
usually cool and wet. Corn planting was late, 
and where planted on low land much trouble 
was experienced in getting a stand. The pre¬ 
sent month has been very dry, and for the 
past two weeks intensely hot. Corn has just 
started to grow as it should, and is anywhere 
from just up to three feet high. Some are 
cultivating for the fourth time. The rose- 
bugs paid this section a visit, but did not do 
the harm they did last year. Strawberries 
paid well; crop light. The present indications 
are good for a peach crop. Clover about all 
cut. Timothy will have to stand over till 
after harvest. Wheat harvest began on June 
2, but the bulk of the crop will be cut this 
week; wheat is well headed, and will be about 
a full crop. The clover-hay crop will be 
rather light, but Timothy will be good. Light¬ 
ning has done a considerable amount of dam¬ 
age in this county, killing stock and burning 
buildings. If the weather continues favor¬ 
able, wheat thrashing will begin next week. 
Nearly all of the wheat is thrashed from the 
field. Early truck plentiful at low prices. 
Wheat, $1.00; corn, 60c.; potatoes, 80c. to 
$1.50; butter, 15c.; eggs, 18c.; spring chick¬ 
ens, 15c. per pound. a g. s. 
Kansas. 
Parsons, Labette Co., June 18.— I am glad 
to report excellent weather for crops. Rye, 
wheat and oats are being cut from this place 
south to the Indian Territory, and the crops 
are said to be better than ever known, though 
it would be safer to say they were never bet¬ 
ter. Wheat, however, is smaller in area than 
in former years. We had no summer weather 
until the past week, the thermometer having 
then reached between 80 and 90 degrees at 
12 M. Grass, and millet, and corn give excel¬ 
lent promise, the last being large in acreage, 
and growing so fast that a continuance of the 
present rate of growth would make the crop 
as early as ordinary. Corn is now from two 
to six feet high to the top of the blades. Small 
fruits are good crops, so are apples and vege¬ 
tables. j_ B 
New Jersey. 
Whippany, Morris Co., June 25.—Grass, 
which promised a heavy crop in May, is not 
going to be more than an ordinary one, and 
as regards quality it will be below the stan¬ 
dard. There are more weeds than usual, ou 
account of cold weather in May. In fact, 
there are very few fields of clean Timothy. 
Potatoes are looking fair, except those plant¬ 
ed early on low ground, which did not come 
up well. Wheat aud rye are fully up to the 
standard, although this is not much of a grain 
section. Corn is away behind, except an 
occasional field. About planting time the 
ground was so wet that it was impossible to 
get on to. work it. Many fields have not been 
worked in as yet. Haying is now at hand, 
and the corn will be neglected. The ground 
is dry on the top, although we had a fine 
shower one week ago, but the hot weather 
soon dried it off again. j. j. m, 
Horslord’s Acid Phosphate. 
Ifyoii are Nervous, 
and cannot sleep, try it,— Adv. 
MAKE HENS LAY 
S HERIDAN'S CONDITION POWDER ia absolute¬ 
ly pure and highly concentrated. It Is strictly 
a medicine to be given with food. Nothing on earth 
Will make hens lay like it. It cures chicken chol¬ 
era and all diseases of hens. Illustrated book by 
mail ft-ee. Sold everywhere, or sent by mall for 
25 cts. in stamps. 2><-lh. tin cans. $1; by mail, 
81.20. Six cans by express, prepaid, for $6. 
b % «f°nn*on * Co., P. O. Box alia, Boatpn, M*»$- 
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST. 
For some time past the question of purity in 
baking powders has formed quite a feature of 
newspaper discussions, and eminent doctors 
of philosophy have given opinions as to the 
ingredients which compose many of the arti¬ 
cles sold under that name. The investigations 
have narrowed down to the limit which awards 
the Royal Baking Powder the palm of purity, 
and several of the most distinguished scient¬ 
ists have testified to their conviction that no 
extraneous or deleterious matter enters into 
its composition. The Royal Baking Powder 
Company have achieved a world-wide reputa¬ 
tion for the success which has marked their 
preparation of cream of tartar for baking 
purposes. It is indisputably shown that they 
have eliminated all elements of tartrate of 
I ; me, alum or other impurities, and present to 
the public a healthful aud chemically pure 
article. Such widely known chemists as 
Henry Morton, E. G. Love, H. A. Mott, Wm. 
McMurtrie and others have verified its sup¬ 
eriority over other manufacturers, and testi¬ 
fy, through practical experience, to its excel¬ 
lence. It is well for families to observe the 
fact that it costs more to manufacture the 
Royal Baking Powder than any other, but it 
is, as shown by chemical analysis, the one “ab¬ 
solutely pure” baking powder made. 
INTERNATIONAL FAIR. 
The Premium List of the International Fair 
to be held at Buffalo, Sept. 4th to 14, has been 
received and is the most liberal ever issued, 
the cash premiums being $100,000.00. Those 
of our readers who are interested in Live 
Stock,Machinery,General Agriculture,Ladies’ 
Fancy Work or Pets, should send to C. W. 
Robiuson, Sec’y International Fair, Buffalo, 
N. Y., for a premium list, which will be sent 
free. 
We give below as complete a synopsis of the 
premiums as our space will admit. 
HORSE DEPARTMENT. 
Stallion aud four of his get. 
Stallion, four years old and over. 
Stallion, three years old. 
Stallion, two years old. 
Stallion, one year old. 
Mare, four years old and over_ 
Mare, three years old. 
Filly, two years old. 
Filly, one year old. 
$1,000 
500 
800 
200 
100 
, SIX) 
. 200 
100 
50 
The above premiums are given for most of 
the breeds of horses. The amounts are divid¬ 
ed into from three to five premiums. 
cattle department. 
1st 2d 
3d 
4th 
Aged herd. $200 $100 
Young herd. loo 75 
Bull and produce. 200 1(X) 
Bull, three yrs old and over, HO 80 
Bull, two year old. 40 20 
BulL, one year old. 25 10 
Bull calf. 15 5 
Cow, three yrs old and over, Ho so 
Heifer, two years old. 40 20 
Heifer, one year old. 25 10 
Heifer Calf. is 5 
prize, prize, prize, prize 
50 
25 
The above premiums are given on all breeds 
of cattle, and in addition the society gives for 
test prizes among dairy cows, the following: 
Cow producing largest quantity of butter 
during three consecutive days of the exhibi¬ 
tion:-1st, $300; 2nd, $150; 3rd, $50. 
Cow producing largest quantity of milk 
during three consecutive days of the exhibi¬ 
tion:-1st, $180; 2nd, $90; 3rd, $30. 
sheep department. 
1st 2d Sd 
Ram, three years old and over. PI 30°' Pr i 5 e ' pr ^ zo " 
Rain, two years old. 25 10 5 
Ram, one year old. 20 id k 
Ram lamb. iy 5 « 
Pen of three ewes, 3 yrs old and over, 30 15 5 
Pen of three ewes, two years old.. 20 10 5 
Pen of three owes, one year old_ 15 io 5 
Pen of three ewe lambs. 10 5 3 
These amounts and classes are devoted to all 
the breeds, including Merinos, for fineness of 
wool, for length of staple, and weight of 
fleece; in addition to above amounts there are 
very liberal sweepstake premiums on sheep. 
SWINE 'DEPARTMENT. 
1st 2d 3d 
_ ,, prize, prize, prize. 
Boar and four of his get. all over six 
months old. 40 20 
Boar, one year old and over. 20 10 5 
Boar, under one year. 15 8 4 
Sow, two years old and over. 20 10 5 
Sow, one year old. - 15 g 4 
Sow, under one year. 10 5 2 
These are amounts which (in addition to a 
few sweepstakes,) the society offers on each 
breed of swine. 
POULTRY DEPARTMENT. 
The society offers premiums on each variety 
of fowls named in the American Standard of 
Excellence as follows: 
Breeding Pen. $10 $5 
Cock. s 1 
Hen. 3 1 
Cockerel. 3 
Pullet. 3 i 
Pigeons, and all ornamental fowls receive 
especial attention. 
. DAIRY PRODUCTS. 
There are $1,400.00 devoted to butter and 
aud dheese prizes, and this will furnish a rich 
harvest for both creameries aud private but¬ 
ter-makers. 
There will be every facility for farm ma¬ 
chinery exhibits. Liberal premiums are offer¬ 
ed for all classes of farm produce. Fruit, 
Ladies’ Fancy Work, Painting and Drawing, 
Stuffed Birds, Coins, Relics, &c., &c. 
