4888 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
■ 
answers to questions under the Farmer’s Club 
which is contrary to their experience or judg¬ 
ment, we shall be glad to hear from them. 
Such criticisms or comments should be mark¬ 
ed “Discussion,” and they will appear under 
that sub-head... 
The N. Y. Times thinks that the grant of 
§30,000 made by the New York Legislature for 
the instruction of dairymen in practical and 
scientific knowledge will no doubt be spent to 
enrich a few dairy experts who have already 
been liberally rewarded for previous efforts in 
this direction; “but the cheese and butter will 
be no better for it, and the dairyman at large 
no better or richer either.” It is quite true 
that there is an epidemic of wastefulness in 
this direction just now... 
Mr. T. B. Terry speaks of the advantages 
of his covered barnyard, in the Ohio Farmer. 
The manure is not thrown in piles at all, but 
spread evenly all over, thus keeping the sur¬ 
face level. It is largely horse manure with 
straw for absorbent, and he is surprised to see 
how “short” it is when taken out. The tramp¬ 
ing of stock breaks up the straw until it is in 
fair shape to handle and put on with a spread¬ 
er. The floor of the covered yard is simply 
earth. 
A cement floor is not needed, as no rain 
being allowed to fall on the manure, there will 
not be anything to leach away. The ground 
is perfectly dry under the manure. Noth¬ 
ing goes to waste. Now had the manure been 
in a pit out-of-doors, where the rain could have 
been falling on it, what better would it have 
been? Certainly there would have been a much 
greater weight to draw out from the added 
rain-water. 
Again, the pit could be used only for one 
purpose, while the covered yard is useful in 
many ways. It furnishes shelter for the stock 
while drinking, in stormy weather. All mud 
and exposure for the farmer are done away 
with. It is worth more than interest on its 
cost, every year, for running tools under tem¬ 
porarily. Now when it keeps mauurejustas 
well as a pit, and saves hauling out extra 
water, and answers so many other purposes 
besides, is it any wonder that Mr. Terry argues 
in favor of his covered yard?. 
Mr. Terry’s yard is planked up tightly six 
feet high, and then open to the roOf, which is 
about 11 feet from the ground. Thus he gets 
the benefit of sunshine, without exposure to 
chilling winds. And then there are large win¬ 
dows in the south side of the stable, which let 
in a good deal of sunshine for the stock in 
there.. 
The managers of the State fairs of Ne¬ 
braska and Indiana fall into line. No intoxi¬ 
cants, no gambling, no immoral shows. ,... 
Joseph Harris, writing about cabbages in 
the American Agriculturist, says that in his 
section (Rochester N. Y.) Premium Flat 
Dutch, Fottler’s and Short-stem Drum, 
head are more largely planted than all 
other varieties combined. 
The usual time of planting these varieties 
for late fall and winter use ranges from the 
20th of June until the 10th of July. Much, 
however, depends on the land and season. 
When the soil and preparation are all that 
could be desired, these varieties can be fre¬ 
quently planted safely until the 20th of July, 
and occasionally until the first of August..... 
The after management of the crop consists 
merely in keeping the land clean and mellow 
by constant use of the cultivator and hoe. 
Simple as this is, it is where many cabbage 
growers fail. In two or three days after the 
cabbage plants are set out it is well to run a 
cultivator between the rows, and follow with 
a hoe and break the crust round the wilted 
plants and draw a little fine, fresh soil around 
them. If any of the plants are dead, set out 
others in their places. In cwo or three days 
cultivate again, and keep on cultivating un¬ 
til the cabbage leaves cover the ground. It is 
one great secret of success. 
A writer in Farm and Fireside says that 
he has never found a surer and more satisfac¬ 
tory way of managing seed potatoes than 
spreading them thinly in a warm, light loft or 
room, and leaving them thereuntil wanted for 
planting. Our home-grown seed thus treated 
will sprout quicker than even the best, freshly- 
imported, plump, Northern seed. 
The next two or three months, says Major 
Alvord in the Boston Cultivator, are the most 
trying period of the year for calves, and 
especially for spring calves, as they are usual¬ 
ly bandied. There are two general methods 
of caring for calves at this season. The com¬ 
mon way is to turn them into a small lot or 
paddock, and let them elepentl mainly on pas¬ 
turage for their living, although they often 
get milk in addition. The other way is to 
keep them stabled, with a little yard or small 
paddock for exercise, under regulation, and 
feed dry forage chiefly, with more or less grain 
and milk when possible, From experience with 
both these methods, extending over a number 
of years, and close observation of the results, 
Major Alvord is satisfied that the second has 
great advantages over the first. 
The most important thing in rearing calves 
is regularity in treatment, and especially in 
feeding. When calves are “turned out” for 
the summer, great irregularity often results. 
Frequently their pasture is at some distance 
from the homestead, and they receive little 
attention. At times the feed will be abund¬ 
ant, and at other times scarce. Too often 
there is insufficient protection from sun and 
storm. If near by,-and milk is fed, the usual 
way is to pour it into a trough, and the most 
irregular and injurious feeding results. There 
is too much milk one day and too little the 
next; now it happens to be sweet, now it is 
sour, often loppered; always the calves must 
fight for it, and the smallest and youngest, 
which need it the most, get the least. Exces¬ 
sive sun-heat and annoyance from flies retard 
growth, and have a bad effect at a critical 
period in the life of the calf. 
WORD FOR WORD. 
Dr, R. C. Kedzie in N. Y. Tribune: 
“ Apropos of occasional reports of cases of 
poisoning by the use of canned goods: A safe 
rule is to eat no acid fruit of any kind put up 
in tin. The acid may acton tin as well as on 
lead and the salts of both metals are poisonous. 
With neutral vegetables, such as corn, beans, 
peas, etc., there is little danger, unless fer¬ 
mentation has taken place. If the inside of 
the can is blackened, putrefaction has prob¬ 
ably begun, and the canned material may be 
poisoned thereby. If the can bulges out and 
gas escapes when the can is pierced, reject 
the whole at once, since decomposition has 
already begun.”-New England Farmer: 
“ Dr. Hoskins is well known the country 
over, as one of the best writers on agricul¬ 
tural topics. He has had a wide experience 
and always, almost always, writes the re¬ 
sults thereof. Recently, however, he in¬ 
dulged in fiction in a story for the Rural 
New-Yorker on the dark side of farming. 
It was written with such a vivid realism that 
it has been mistaken by very many of the 
Doctor’s friends for a true tale. When di¬ 
dactic writers of unquestioned reputation 
indulge in fiction the work should be labeled 
so distinctly that the dullest cannot mistake.” 
-Colman’s Rural World: “There are 
grown yearly in Missouri not far from 1,000,- 
000 tons of wheat-straw. What use is made 
of this ? To a very great extent no use; it is 
simply got out of the way in the most expedi¬ 
tious way possible, by burning, and with that 
end in view the crop is thrashed in the field 
and as soon as the work is done and the ma,- 
chine, tools and grain are hauled away the 
straw pile is set on fire and tons of ani¬ 
mal and plant food are destroyed.”- 
Orange Co. Farmer: “It is nonsense to say 
that salt is a ‘necessary ingredient in the food 
of man and animal alike, when there are hun¬ 
dreds and thousands of both men and animals 
who never eat it. Whether when moderately 
used it is useful or not, is a question yet to be 
solved, with the evidence so far against it.” 
-H. Stewart: “There is too much scienti¬ 
fic quackery. I think that every station which 
has not a practical, working farmer at the 
head of it, of course competent for the work, 
will be a failure, and the money spent for 
naught.”-New York Tribune: “People 
who don’t get on in the world are largely com¬ 
posed of those who ‘leave everything to the 
last minute’—procrastinators.”-A corre¬ 
spondent of the New York Witness now 
eschews tobacco, after 45 years of ‘filthy and 
unprofitable use’ of the weed. ‘Last Thanks¬ 
giving,’ he says, ‘I made up my mind that I, 
a professing Christian, was setting a bad 
example for the youth who were looking 
at my daily life and practice.”- 
Graphic: “Poor Dr. Franklin may turn >n his 
grave with sorrow, but the lightning-rod has 
stopped never to go again. It’s no good.” 
-Green’s Fruit-grower: “If you intend to 
plant more trees or vines or plants the coming 
fall or next spring, I beg of you to begin now 
and prepare the soil. If the field is planted to 
corn or potatoes that is well. Give good cul¬ 
ture to destroy all weeds and grass. After 
planting the trees, etc., either keep the soil in 
some hoed crop, or,better, keep it well culti¬ 
vated without any crop.”-“Yes, the de¬ 
lights of the garden are enjoyed but by few in 
this fruitful land, and least of all by those 
who live in the country and might enjoy them 
most bountifully. Rural life is not looked up 
to as in other lands where the aristocracy live 
in the country, for the reason that we have 
not learned how to appreciate the country, 
nor how to surround ourselves with rural 
luxuries.”—Farmers’ Review: “At the 
institute there is no lack of horse talk, cow 
and bog talk, but the minor economies are 
given a passing thought or ignored altogether, 
when the fact is that the gepe deyoted to gar¬ 
dening brings a manifold greater cash return, 
aside from the sanitary benefits, than any 
other like quantity of land on the farm.”- 
Husbandman: “There is risk in cutting grass 
too early; there is more risk in cutting it too 
late.”-“Think of the patient farmer in 
the field working faithfully in the full glare 
of a sun that blisters, and say he deserves all 
the reward he can get for his toilsome efforts 
essential to the production of food.”- 
Puck: “The proper thing to paste in your hat 
just now is a cabbage leaf.”- The Trials 
of Authors. —Scapegrace Son (introducing 
his old father to young lady): “Miss Gladys, 
the author of my beiug.” Old Gentleman 
(bowing): “A work that has been much crit¬ 
icized. " — Harper's - 
RURAL SPECIAL REPORTS. 
Canada. 
King s Co., Prince Edward’s Island, July 3. 
—At last the hot weather has set in with more 
than usual severity. The month of June was 
so cold and wet that the like of it has not 
been felt for years. All the month was a con¬ 
tinuance of alternate wet and cold days. As 
a result, crops are backward and potatoes es¬ 
pecially have been tardy in pushing through 
the ground. May was a splendid month for 
spring work. From the fifth to the very end 
there was not a day that would prevent the 
working of the teams; consequently seeding 
was very far advanced by the end of the 
month, though little plowing was done before 
the seventh. The first plowing I did was on 
the 27th of April. But next day a snow-storm 
of unusual severity for the time of year set in. 
Frost followed with cold rain. The melting 
snow and the frost coming out of the ground 
put land in a terrible condition, so that it was 
unfit for plowing till May 5 when spring work 
was general. But the ground being so cold 
and wet, was not in condition for seeding for 
a fortnight longer. In this vicinity little 
spring wheat or oats was sowed before May 20. 
We have all the advantages of a delightful 
climate, when you to the south are being 
broiled. The fact that the Province is an is¬ 
land, no part of which is more than 30 
miles wide, gives us the advantage of a con¬ 
tinual refreshing sea breeze. The waters 
teem with fish, as evinced by the number of 
fishing vessels in the bay. The rivers of the 
island are finely stocked with trout, and the 
bathing facilities are excellent. j. a. m. 
Indiana. 
Pendleton, Madison Co., July !).— Many 
fields of clover were frozen out the last winter, 
hence the area to corn is 10 per cent, larger 
than ever before. The weather was dry un¬ 
til a week ago, and consequently the corn is 
clean, well cultivated, and large. Wheat har¬ 
vest began last week, and with it came the 
rain which has been falling in copious showers, 
until we think we have more than enough, 
and still it pours. One third of the wheat is 
in shock. Strawberries were a full crop, fol¬ 
lowed by raspberries in close connection, and 
as these are growing scarce, Early Harvest 
Blackberries are now in season. s. w. h. 
Wew York. 
So. Dayton, Cattaraugus Co., July 2.— The 
season up to the 24th of June has been very 
dry. With the exception of a very light shower 
we have had no rain since the 5th of April. 
The past week has been quite rainy. All crops 
that were got in early look fine. Cut-worms 
have destroyed some pieces of corn. Hay is 
light. Raspberries promise to be a large crop. 
Wheat looks the best for years. The price of 
potatoes has fallen to 50 cents per bushel. 
Fruit, except cherries, promise more than an 
average yield. a. h. l. 
South Apalachin, Tioga Co., July 2.— Last 
Thursday we had rain enough to wet newly 
plowed ground about two inches, which reviv¬ 
ed all crops a great deal. Potatoes are look¬ 
ing very fine; corn good; winter-wheat and 
rye are very spotted owing to the freezing 
and thawing last spring: grass is very light, 
and pastures are quite dry and bare; fruit will 
be a light crop, no cherries, few apples and 
P ears - d. e. s. 
Horsforii’s Acid Phosphate 
Makes Delicious Leiiionatlo. 
A teaspoon iu I added to a if lass of liot or 
colil water, anil sweetened to the taste, will 
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MARION HAItLAND’S OPINION OF 
BAKING POWDER. 
Our readers have doubtless noticed the nu¬ 
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baking powders. A careful sifting of the 
evidence leaves no doubt as to the superiority 
of the Royal Baking Powder in purity, whole¬ 
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house keepers, is that given by Marion Har- 
iand, the best known and most popular of 
American writers upon matters pertaining to 
the science of domestic economy, of house¬ 
keeping and home cooking. In a recent letter 
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“I regard the Royal Baking Powder as the 
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compounds. Since the introduction of it into 
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“Every box has been in perfect condition 
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wives. MARION HARLAND. 
“Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 30, 1887.”— Adv. 
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