407 
4888 
THE RURAL f9EW-¥©R5CER. 
periments, the best results are obtained by a 
good mixture of both mineral and nitrogenous 
manures. The highest average yields for a 
series of years are 38.8 bushels of wheat, and 
53.8 bushels of barley, both being obtained by 
what we call complete fertilizers. One of the 
most striking features of the experiments 
was the mixed fertilizer plots, on which the 
nitrogenous manures are omitted from one of 
each of the plots in alternate years. Where 
ammonia salts or nitrate of soda are m the 
mixture there is a strong and thick plant of 
good color and bight, but where omitted, it 
is sickly in color. To look at the plots is to 
have an object lesson that few could forget. 
Stack Ensilage. — Our excellent contem- 
pory, the Mark Lane Express (England), 
points out that it is as easy to make silage iu 
stacks as it is to make hay in stacks—and 
more so in a rainy season, and it impresses 
upon its readers that those of them who have 
not silos on their farms in the shape of pits, 
bricked graves, converted barns, &c., need 
waste no lime in making or converting any 
such receptacles, inasmuch as it has been prov¬ 
ed to demonstration that a stack of silage 
may be commenced, built, and secured ou any 
locality suitable for a stack of hay, with, 
practically, no more trouble and—all things 
considered—with little, if any, more expense. 
With regard to the construction of silage 
stacks it must be borne in mind that adequate 
continuous pressure of some kind or other is 
absolutely necessary, and that wet crops are 
best left until partially dry before hauling. 
This is essentially different from leaving 
thtm, after much labor in turning, etc., un¬ 
til they are tit to stack as hay. If the crop or 
crops, whict are to be made into silage 
stacks, are wet, they do not need much pres¬ 
sure at first; the drier they are the more pres¬ 
sure they rtquire. The pressure, of whatever 
kind employed, needs to be continuous, and 
adapted to the nature and condition of the 
herbage ensiloed. This is really the whole 
principle in a nutshell; as the stack sinks, 
keep it pressed down. 
Butter making. —Here are the directions 
for making butter, according.to the committee 
appomteu for the purpose by the late confer¬ 
ence of the New York Dairymen: 
It is important that the cows should be 
adapted to the purpose. The breed should 
contain the proper elements for making but¬ 
ter. As proper feed they recommend a mixture 
of biau, corn, oats, mill-feed and ptas, with a 
small amount of linseed and seed-meal. 
This feed should be mixed in proper propor 
lions. The cows should be fed and milked 
with regularity. The water should be pure, 
the stables well ventilated, the cows kept 
clean, and the most careful and painstaking 
care had in all places for cleanliness. Tue 
cows should be milked if possible always by 
ihe same person. As soon as the milk is 
drawn it should be sec for the cream. Tne 
utensils should be scalded always after being 
used, and kept perfectly clean and sweet. The 
cream should be raised within twenty-four 
hours, alter which it should be kept at a tem¬ 
perature of 45 degrees, until the ripening pro¬ 
cess begins. To perfect the ripening, warm 
the cream up to a temperature ot 62° and stir 
it frequently. Then churn at a temperature 
varying from 02 to 68 degrees according to the 
season and surrounding temperature. No 
cream should be added after the ripening pro¬ 
cess has begun. When the butter has come 
about the size of wheat grains, draw off the 
buttermilk and put it in cold water. Agitato 
the butler a little, then draw off the water and 
repeat this process until the water runs clear. 
Take the butter out carefully aud weigh it. 
Then place it on the worker aud salt one 
ounce to the pound. Tnen work the salt in 
and pack tne butter immediately. 
trenches all the way from four to 10 inches 
deep and the trial of each is repeated from 
four to six times. If instead of small plots 
covering a total area of one-quarter of an acre, 
each trial were given an acre, no less than 30 
acres would be required for this one experi¬ 
ment. For the fifth year we are using different 
quantities of fertilizer,from 220 to 2,000 pounds 
to the acre, to find out what quantity will 
give the largest profitable yield of potatoes. 
If acres were used instead of small plots, at 
least 30 additional acres would be required. 
When the number of such trials which are be¬ 
ing carried on is considered, it is plain that we 
should have some 200 acres of uniform land 
under experiment, and a force of skilled work¬ 
men and superintendents which we cannot 
command. The R. N.Y. has full faith in plot- 
experiments, if the land is judiciously selected 
for the desired purpose and the trials 
are made by those who are intently 
working to learn. Thus it happened that 
we were first impressed with the great value 
of the Trench Method for potato culture and 
every subsequent year has confirmed the evi¬ 
dence which a little plot gave some six years 
ago. In the present season’s trial, however, 
the diminutiveness of the plot is exag gerated 
by our critical friends. The “contest” plot, 
it is true, consists of but 165 hills, but within 
a stone’s throw we have at least half an acre 
under Trench culture, that bids fair to show 
in a more effective way the economy of the 
method. 
RURAL LIFE NOTES. 
Here are some samples of Uncle Esek’s 
wisdom in the July Century: 
‘ ‘The man who knows the most of himself 
is the best judge of his neighbor.”. 
“What mankind want is mercy. Justice 
would ruin most of them.”. 
“There are heroes in every department of 
life—a faithful servant is one of them.”. 
“He who is a fool and knows it can very 
easily pass himself off for a wise man.”. 
“The man who has a little more to do than 
he can attend to has no time to be miserable.”.. 
“It may be possible for throe persons to 
keep a secret,provided two of them are dead.’ 
“Metaphysics seems to be the science of 
one little drink of whisky, it looks as if there 
was something wrong in the affairs of this 
mundane sphere, or rather with the bipeds 
who manage it. If every man who bought a 
drink of whisky would stop to think that he 
was wasting enough to support a family of 
children for a day, he might reconsider his 
motion. Just think of it! Eight drinks of 
tangle-foot cost as much as the farmer receives 
for a 40-quart can of milk. 
The Breeder’s Gazette thinks that there can 
be no question about the advantage accruing 
from a supply of silage during the hot 
months of summer, when there is usually a 
partial or total failure of the pasture grasses. 
Cattle could thus be tided over the most crit¬ 
ical part of the season, enabled to hold success¬ 
fully the full benefit of the previous grazing, 
and be in position to move right along when 
fall grazing commences. The pasture, too, 
will receive a large benefit from not being 
heavily burdened at a time when it can make 
no growth. This question, the employment of 
silage in beef production and for the ordinary 
store cattle of the farm, is one which is com. 
mended to the experiment stations as being of 
as much practical importance as any other 
question likely to engage their attention.... 
Mr Scriven, in a recent letter to the Brad¬ 
ford Chamber of Commerce, claims that the 
British farmers expend at least £100,000 
($500,000)annually in what he thinks an utterly 
useless work. No matter how thoroughly 
washed the wool may be upon the sheep’s 
back, it must be again washed and scoured by 
the manufacturer. And it is further claimed 
that wool not only keeps better a reasonable 
time in its natural grease, but it washes with 
half the soap, combs better, spins better, and 
makes more perfect goods. In fact, for some 
purposes, where soft handling and silky feel 
are necessary, greasy Australian wool of the 
same quality actually fetches more than the 
washed wools. .. 
A writer in the Michigan Farmer declares 
that the wool clip of Michigan can never be¬ 
come uniform in character until it is sheared 
without washing and before the flock is 
turned to pasture . 
For celery to be used after New Year’s, Mr. 
Falconer says, in Gardeq and Forest, the 
rows should be only three feet apart, because 
DIRECT 
Orchard and Garden: “In his last an¬ 
nual report, Commissioner Column suggested 
the transfer of the seed distribution from the 
the Department of Agriculture to the Experi¬ 
ment Stations established by the Hatch bill. 
A move of this kind would unquestionably re¬ 
sult in a thorough reform of the institution as 
at present managed, and in the ultimate car¬ 
rying out of the original intent of the law 
which created it.”-Puck : “If a hen ever 
went into business she would probably set up 
an egg-plant.”-Hoard’s Dairyman: “If 
a farmer found that the traveling thrashing- 
machine man left one-quarter of the wheat in 
the straw, would there not be a row ? Still 
the same farmer will set milk year after year, 
in the old way, lose 25 per cent, of his hard 
earnings, and not spend a dollar to try and 
learn how to save it all.”-Maine Farmer: 
“If farming is not a good business, then get 
out of it.’-Farm Journal: “ Farming is 
a royal good business, but it will not stand 
abuse or neglect. Stay close to it. Pin your 
faith to it, but do not forget that faith is evi¬ 
denced by work.”-Southern Cultivator : 
“ Truly if we farmers are responsible to our 
fellow-men in anything, it is for the preserva¬ 
tion and perpetuation of the fertility of the soil 
we till, and from which all must be fed.” 
knowing more than we can tell, and at the 
same time telling more than we know.”. | the late crop should not be earthed up except 
In feeding cows to the largest profit, we 
must give daily at least a proportion of one 
pound of albuminoid food to five of carbon¬ 
aceous food, says editor Hoard in his Dairy¬ 
man. Second, in order that the albuminoids 
may digest easily and properly, they should 
be mixed with, or scattered over the carbon¬ 
aceous food. Iu other words, it pays best to 
do this. Hence the wise dairyman cuts up 
his carLouaceous corn-stalks, straw, silage or 
Timothy bay, and sprinkles thereon the albu¬ 
minoid orau,oil meal,cotton-seed meal, or pea 
meal or bean meal, in proportion,and thus se¬ 
cures better results from the cow. It pays rich¬ 
ly for the dairyman to study the laws of digest¬ 
ion in his animals. In fact he is an engineer 
to a digestive mill, and certainly no engineer 
should be ignorant or stupid concerning his 
Criticising Carpers. —We find the fol¬ 
lowing in the Orange Co. Farmer of July 5: 
“Borne of our wou.d-be witty contempora¬ 
ries find time for sallies at the expense ot tne 
Editor of tne Rural New-Yorker, because in 
his attempts to grow at the rate of TOO 
bushels of potatoes to the acre, he uses 
only a small pait of an acre. This is both 
loolisn aud unkind. The Editor has done 
much for the benefit of agriculture and will 
do much more, it is just as well for all prac¬ 
tical purposes to make the experiment ou oue- 
sixteentn of an acre as to plant the whole 
acre, it is the method that is on trial, not 
the size of the plantation. Cynics and car¬ 
pels will do well to restrain themselves.” 
We thank our friendly contemporary for 
the above courteous, appreciative note. We 
do not iu the least mind being criticised or 
even ridiculed, if the facts justify it. But we 
want our critics to b a just. All well-informed 
people know that where many experiments 
are being carried out it is practically impos¬ 
sible to employ acres instead of small plots. 
For example, we are for the third year trying 
to find out at what depth it is best to plant 
pctatofs, pieppg ftfP placed, ip 
to “handle” it, before it is packed in trenches 
to keep through the winter. 
In banking up celery in fall some discretion 
should be Hsed. Celery banked up in August 
whitens in three to four weeks; that banked 
up in September in four to six weeks; but 
that banked up in October will not whiten be¬ 
fore New Year’s, if then. Do not bank up 
celery all at one time, but a little at a time, 
and never “handle,” bank or store celery 
when it is wet or damp, else rust or rot may 
overtake it. Celery to be used before Christ¬ 
mas should be banked in September, but 
avoid banking or handling late winter celery 
before the beginning of October. September 
and October are the best growing months for 
celery. 
Mr. Falconer’s celery is wintered in 
engiue. trenches on a warm, sunny slope. The celery 
Don’t get excited. Don’t go to political 
meetings aud howl yourselves hoarse, is the 
advice of the Orange Co. Farmer. Don’t 
stand on street corners and declaim about the 
superiority of the ticket you propose to vote 
for,it continues. Don’t worry your hired man 
into an ill temper byyour intemperate zeal. Iu 
short, keep cool. Read both sides, banish 
prejudice and make up your mind after a 
calm investigation how you ought to vote. 
If you can’t talk politics without getting ex- 
is in single rows, and the trenches are as deep 
as the celory is long, the plants being packed 
up close against each other. Four of these 
rows, each nine inches distant from the other, 
are formed into a ridge in order to lead off the 
surface the rains of winter; and to further 
keep them dry in winter, he covers them with 
boards. He also uses salt hay and forest tree 
leaves to exclude hard frost from the ground. 
The celery keeps in this way in these trenches 
till the spring thaws set in; then it is lifted 
The Editor of Orchard and Garden says 
that he is trying to grow potato seed from an 
Early Ohio top-grafted upon a tomato stock. 
The supposition is that a potato plant, pre¬ 
vented from producing tubers, has to grow 
Mr. Edson told the Mass. Board of Agri¬ 
culture that his mode of packing corn-stalks is 
to begin at one end, put the butts outwards in 
the silo,and lap them over, just the same as 
you would shingle a building, being very care¬ 
ful in packing them and tramping them down. 
Then he commences at the other end, goes 
back, packs them very close, and tramps 
them down in the same manner. He thinks 
the silage keeps better, and there is less air 
m 
At the Dairymen’s Convention held at 
Franklin, N. Y., Mr. Gilbert said that he had 
made an experiment of salting two lots of but¬ 
ter iu July, one with saturated brine—all the 
salt water would take—the other with dry 
salt. On opening these samples the mid¬ 
dle of the next December he found the brine, 
salted butter worthless, while the dry-salted 
was in good condition. Both these were equal¬ 
ly good when salted. 
WBMjt tnkes five (quarts of piilk to buy 
cited, don’t talk politics. | out, all decaying matter cut off, and it is 
buried again, but this time above ground, with 
earth between the plants and shutters over 
them. Celery in plenty was kept in this way 
It 
When the Energies Flag 
Use Horsford’s Acid Phosphate. 
Dr. T. C. Smith, Charlotte, N. C., says: 
is an invaluable nerve tonic, a delightful bev¬ 
erage, and one of the best restorers when the 
energies flag and the spirits droop.”— Adv. 
How to SAVE re-shlngling, STOP 
leaks effectually and cheaply iu 
roofs of all kinds, or lay NEW roofs. 
Particulars FREE if you mention this paper. 
up till the 7th of May. 
The London Mark Lane Express says that 
seed, nolens volens.... . the large stocks of old potatoes, for the most 
R roofing . 
UNEQUALED 
For House Barn. 
INDIANA 
and all out-buildings. 
ANYBODY CAN PUT IT ON. 
PRICE LOW. 
Write for Sample and Book. 
143 Duane 8t., Now York City. 
PAINT & ROOFING CO. 
Veterinary Department. 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
SESSION 1888-89. 
OPENS OCTOBER 1st, 1888. 
For Catalogues address 
K. S. HUIDEKOPEK, Dean. 
Dehorning Cattle »Jk 1 JuESSSS h*! 
I. J. WICKS, Colorado Springs, Colo. 
SHEEP ANI> LAMBS. 
Cotswold, South-down, Oxford-down, Shropshlres, 
ami Merinos, bred from our very ohoiceat stock Write 
at once for our special prices for the fall; also Rough- 
coated Cdllie Puppies. 
W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Philadelphia, Pa. 
R0SSIE IRON ORE PAINT. 
Is made from Red Oxide Ore—is the best and most 
durab'e Paint for Tin, Iron, and Shingle Roofs, Barns, 
Farm utensils, etc., will not crack or peel —will protect 
roofs from sparks. Samples free. Ask prices of 
KOSSIK IRON ORE PAINT CO., 
Ogdcimburg, N. Y. 
THE BEST CATTLE FASTENING! 
SMITH* 8 
SELF-ADJUSTING SWING STANCHION, 
The only Practical Swing Stanchion Invented. Thou¬ 
sands In use. Illustrated Circular free. Manufactured 
by F. Q.PARSON8 & Co.. Addison. 8teuben Co. N. Y. 
TELL YOUR FRIENDS. 
part of very inferior quality, have caused 
values to fall very low, useful potatoes selling 
as low as 15s. per tou. New potatoes have ar¬ 
rived freely, but rather later thau usual from 
Lisbon, Malta, aud the Canary Islands, from 
which latter source the quantities received 
this year have largely increased. Thus, with 
their open ports the foreigners get all the best 
prices for really inferior articles—potatoes, 
peas, fruit, etc.—and by the time English 
it. produce is ou the market, values always fall 
to a comparatively low level. Why should 
not a duty be imposed ou these early foreign 
“ luxuries ” ? ask3 the Mark Lauo Express... 
The use of “saccharin,” the new sweeten¬ 
ing agent prepared from coal tar, is said to be 
largely on the increase iu France by confec¬ 
tioners aud others in the manufacture of jams, 
sirups, etc., and the French Government 
are preparing to take measures for its sup¬ 
pression. The British Government has pro-, 
hihiUd its use by brewers. . . 
THE l Y. WEEKLY SON, 
One of the most enterprising newspapers in 
the country, and the 
RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
BOTH FOR THE REST OF THE YEAR, 
FOR ONLY 
PEERLESS DYES 
Are the Ilksl’. 
SoLDBV DUUCKilSTS. 
