VOL XLVII. NO. 2028. 
NEW YOKE, DECEMBER 8, 1888, 
PRICE FIVE CENTS. 
$2.00 PER YEAR. 
[Entered According to Act of Congress, In the Year 1888, by the Rural New-Yorker, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.] 
J^orlicu Uural, 
a high reputation in the county of its alleged 
origin. But there is always a reason for 
everything. And the reason why these ap¬ 
ples, and many others, are not universally 
popular is that they are of excellent quality 
only in a narrow locality. The Newtown 
Pippin, and its Southern relative, the Albe¬ 
marle Pippin, are good only in certain very cir¬ 
cumscribed districts. Parts of Long Island 
and the banks of the Hudson on the soil 
of the primitive granite rocks produce the 
Newtown Pippin to perfection, while Albe¬ 
marle County is the home of the yellow pip¬ 
pin called after this county. It is so with 
nearly every good apple—it is good only in its 
own favored locality and less desirable every¬ 
where else. 
The Women’s Potato Contest is a happy 
thought. Women should become more closely 
identified with agriculture, and anything 
that will make it popular with them is a use¬ 
ful means to a good end. What can be said 
against it ? Nothing. And much can be said 
in favor of it. The social status of woman¬ 
kind is growing broader and higher. I am in 
favor of every reform which will make women 
more independent, more self-reliant and more 
able to stand alone in the world. The grand 
destiny of woman, wife and motherhood will 
be greatly advanced by it. Marriage will not 
be so much a matter of bargain and sale, and 
an unworthy man will not so easily get a wife 
as he does now. Young women will choose 
more wisely than now and there will be less 
unhappiness and unfitness and fewer divorces 
and broken-up families. 
No, it is neither profitable nor easy nor de¬ 
sirable to introduce the ordinary water-closet 
into farm houses. The dry-earth closet is in 
every way preferable. The disposal of the 
house waste in rural localities is a matter of 
deep concern. This wasted is k a source t of a 
thousand deaths every year. The water- 
closet conveys it to a cesspool where the most 
deadly gases are given out to infect the air 
and brood over the house like an angel of de¬ 
£Loriatlim*al. 
struction, all the more fearful because invisi¬ 
ble. The dry-earth closet, and the disposal of 
its contents at short intervals by mixture 
with the soil in some convenient manner, 
plowed or dug in deeply, is safe and quite free 
from objection. The only reason why it is 
not generally prevalent is the common vice of 
postponing duties and the general antipathy 
to any regularly recurring duty. But by-and- 
by this sanitary method will be enforced by 
law as a public duty. 
HOW JOHN BECAME A MARKET 
GARDENER. 
OLIVER^HOWARD. 
No. IV. 
Reference has already been made to 
John’s crop of green peas. Peas are a very 
general favorite with the public, and they 
sell pretty well all the season. John had a 
Photographed From Nature. 
succession of them from May 31 to 
the middle of October. They mil¬ 
dewed somewhat during the dog 
days, but not enough to spoil their 
sale. At all events, peas in the pod 
at 30 to 40 cents a peck pay better 
than strawberries at any obtainable 
price. But there are peas and peas. 
Some seed procured of another gar¬ 
dener gave many short pods, each of 
which contained but one pea. It 
was afterward learned that this seed 
was the fag-end of a crop. Some 
excellent seed procured from a relia¬ 
ble New York house, gave an abun¬ 
dance of large, full, even pods, fit 
for market, by June 13. It is very 
important to have good seed; and, 
by the way, John says the time is 
coming when the attention of great 
American seed houses will be called 
to the excellence of seeds grown in 
Colorado; and men and women of 
the pains-taking sort, will make 
gardens there for the express purpose 
of raising seeds, and the importation 
of millions of dollars’ worth of 
European seeds will partially cease. 
It has been observed that cabbage 
seed grown there is far plumper than 
that imported, and it produces har¬ 
dier and better plants under the 
same treatment. The same is true 
of other seeds. 
But to return to the peas : John 
pulverizes his land well; runs fur¬ 
rows 20 inches apart with a shovel 
plow, sows the peas in the bottom 
of the furrow and covers with a fine¬ 
toothed cultivator drawn by a horse. 
This beats a man with a hoe in every 
respect. Peas of medium hight are 
chosen and seldom bushed. The pods 
are gathered every other day by 
women and girls at one cent per 
pound. Married women are the best 
pickers, because they do not have 
company during working hours. 
Some women earn a dollar in an 
afternoon, but not often. As soon 
as the peas are picked, say, about 
July 1st, sometimes earlier, the vines 
are fed to cows or swine, and a crop 
of late cabbages, turnips, potatoes, 
radishes, beans, cucumbers or cauli¬ 
flowers is put in. Three or four 
crops of radishes are some years 
grown on the same ground. 
In John’s garden account books, 
the cash sales of green peas amount¬ 
ed in one year to $309.44. Only an 
acre and a half of land could be 
devoted to peas, as the eight acres 
THE NEW CHRYSANTHEMUM. 
MRS. ALPHEUS HARDY. 
Of a 1 the remarkable chrysanthemums 
brought to notice or originated within a few 
years, Mrs. Alpheus Hardy is attracting the 
most attention. We are indebted to Mr. 
James R. Pitcher, of New York, for the flower 
of which our illustration, Fig. 396, is a photo¬ 
graphic reproduction. Mr. Pitcher writes 
that he has sent so many flowers to different 
exhibitions that he had none remaining ex¬ 
cept those of rather small size. He further 
says that theTest-grown specimens are nearly 
twice the size of that illustrated. This new 
chrysanthemum was sent to], the lady whose 
name it bears by a friend in Japan and was 
purchased by Pitcher & Manda, of the United 
States Nurseries of Short Hills, N. J., 
who are said to have paid a higher 
sum for it than the R. N.-Y. cares to 
mention. The color is pure white; the 
petals are long and of good substance, 
incurving, as the engraving shows 
only in part. The specimen was some 
what flattened by the pressure o£ 
the paper in which it was sent. The 
outer part of the petals are furnished 
with many hairs from l-20th to % 
of an inch long, a peculiarity not 
found, in so far as we are informed, 
in any other variety of chrysanthe¬ 
mum. These hairs are not fairly- 
shown in our illustration. Mrs. Al¬ 
pheus Hardy has received premiums 
at all the flower shows where it has 
been exhibited. 
RUMINATION. 
HENRY STEWART. 
Richard's Graft ; Summer Rose; 
the Woman's Potato Contest; a 
happy thought. 
Have we not too many varieties 
of apples and many newer ones 
which are crowding out better older 
sorts ? The valuable neglected ap¬ 
ples mentioned by H. Hendricks in¬ 
clude two exceedingly good ones 
which I have known for a dozen 
years or more. Richard’s Graft I 
first saw in the large orchard of Mr. 
R. McKinstry, near Hudson, N. Y. 
He called it Derrick and Ann, and 
the storv of the apple was that Der¬ 
rick (Dutch for Dick or Richard) and 
his wife Ann together grew the orig¬ 
inal tree and gave away a graft to 
some person who cultivated the va¬ 
riety largely. I have a tree in my 
gaiden in New Jersey, which, when 
I saw it last, about five years ago, 
was beginning to bear. The apple 
deserves all that has been said of it. 
I have also in my garden a Sum¬ 
mer Rose tree, the fruit of which 
has been greatly admired by every 
person to whom I have given any of 
it. Old residents of New Jersey 
have told me it was first grown in 
Bergen County “ a long time ago.” 
My tree is 30 or 40 years old and 
bears abundantly every year. It has 
THE 
NEW CHRYSANTHEMUM, MRS. ALPHEUS HARDY. 
Fig. 396. 
