Cflfl). 
“Every Man is presumed to know the Law. 
Nine-tenths of all Litigation arises from. Ig¬ 
norance of Law." 
WILLS AND BEQUESTS. 
L. T. M., Malone , N. Y.—1. According to 
the laws of this State, can a lady leaving live 
children at her death, make a will giving her 
husband her entire estate, barring her chil¬ 
dren from sharing in it on reaching their 
majority ? 2. Have not the children thus 
barred out a right to at least a part of the 
property ? Are not testaments always to be 
recorded, and, if so, how can a copy be ob¬ 
tained ? 3. In case the husband inherits all 
the wife’s property, the children not being in¬ 
cluded in the will, can they recover anything 
by law? In other words, can such a will be 
set aside as invalid, and the estate be settled 
or divided among all as if the person had died 
intestate? 4. How is an estate divided accord¬ 
ing to law in this State when the participants 
are a husband and five children? 5. If a 
woman dies intestate, leaving considerable 
property to her husband and children, what 
provisions are there in the laws of this State 
for the partition of such property ? 
Ans.— 1. A married woman of sound mind 
may make a will giving all her estate to her 
husband, and leaving nothing whatever to her 
children. 2. The children thus shut out 
have no legal redress unless the will can be 
set aside on the ground that the testator was 
of unsound mind or was acting under the 
pressure of undue influence. All wills ad¬ 
mitted to probate are to be found in the Sur¬ 
rogate’s office, and a copy may be obtained 
by any periods wh > will pay the proper cost. 
3. Tne mere fact that the property is all 
given to the husband is no reason at all why 
the will should be set aside, and if the wife 
was of sound mind and competent to make a 
will a suit to invalidate such a testament 
would probably be unsuccessful. 4. Where 
there is no will and tne children are by the 
present husband he would have a life use 
of the real estate and one-third of the per¬ 
sonal property. The fee of the real 
estate and two-thirds of the per¬ 
sonal property go to the children share and 
share alike. 5. If no trust is established by 
the will, the Surrogate will appoint a guardian 
for the children. The father, if a suitable 
person, is usually appointed. He must give 
bonds sufficient to secure the whole of the 
personal pro erty. As each child comes of 
age it can demand its share of the estate. If 
there is a difficulty about the division, the 
courts will order a settlement on principles 
of equity. 
LICENSE ON LAND. 
S. L , Meadville , Pa. — A dozen years ago 
A told B that he might build and use a dam 
across a stream running through the land of 
the former, for the purpose of getting a fall 
of water to run a hydraulic ram. No consid¬ 
eration was paid or asked for the privilege 
then or since; but B went to considerable ex¬ 
pense in constructing the dam and placing 
the ram. Now A insists on destroying the dam; 
has B any redress? 
Ans. —No. A simply gave B a gratuitous 
license, and by strict rules of law a license 
■can pass no interest in land; so that A may at 
any time revoke the license without liability 
for damages, and if B pays no attention to 
the notice of revocation, A may remove the 
dam himself. The theory is that a perma¬ 
nent right to use the land is an interest in it 
that cannot be conveyed orally, and that one 
who makes investments without a shadow of 
a title to the laud on which he locates them 
must take his chances, and cannot complain if 
he is forced to move his property at any time. 
That is the strict law, but the doctrine is so 
hard in some cases that courts of common law 
often modify it greatly in some States, and in 
others courts of equity interpose to do substan¬ 
tial justice. Even where the doctrine is fully 
sustained, it is dangerous for one to attempt 
to take any outrageous advantage of it, for the 
sympathy of the jury will be against him and 
he can expect no indulgence from the court 
RAILROAD FENCES. 
D. F., Oaksdale, W. T., —Two railroads 
run through my hog pasture. The only water 
for the hogs lies between the two roads; is 
there any law to compel the railroad com¬ 
pany to pay for the hogs killed on the road 
when passing to and from the water? 
Ans. If there is a fence law in Washington 
Territory, unless the roads are fenced the 
company is liable for the killing of the hogs; 
but if there is no law .(and we can’t find that 
there is,) then the owner of the hogs must 
guard them at his peril. If the roads should 
be fenced the water would bejshut out and 
the case would seem to be worse. It might 
be a good thing to lay a pipe under one of the 
roads, of both of them, and connect the water 
with pumps in a safe place and so keep the 
hogs out of danger. Under the circumstances 
it is difficult to perceive any way out of tho 
difficulty other than to sue the railroad for 
the damage they do, and this is a very, very, 
poor business. 
T. II. Natuk , Mass. —A married woman 
dying intes'ate, never having had issue, 
leaves a real and persoual estate in her own 
name, and real and personal (that she was 
entitled to will to any one) in the hands of 
trustees, said trustees having paid her the in¬ 
come during life; what proportion of the real 
and personal does the husband inherit under 
the laws of Massachusetts? 
Ans. —The personal property goes to the 
husband, who is entitled to administer on the 
same without an accounting; but as there 
was no issue of the marriage, the real estate 
goes to her blood relations. 
C. W. S., Lansingburgli , N. Y. —What is 
the law with regard to cattle pasturing on the 
highway in this State? 
A vs.—If by doing so they enter upon any 
person’s land without permission, even if the 
land is unfenced, it is a trespass for which the 
owner of them is responsible. Should they 
escape into an adjoining field, however, 
while being driven along a highway, the 
owner would not be responsible. 
R. H , Oswego Falls, N. Y. —A has agreed 
to buy a farm of B. No money has been put 
down to secure it; but both have signed an 
agreement drawn up by a lawyer, to forfeit 
$ 100 in case either backs out. The intending 
purchaser has no real estate in his possession 
at present. Is this agreement binding on 
both parties alike, and would the law compel 
either party to pay the §100 in case of a 
breach of this contract? 
Ans. —Yes, to both questions. 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
Diseases of Swine.— A circular letter 
from the U. S. Department of Agriculture 
contains a letter from Dr. Salmon to Commis¬ 
sioner Colman. For some years past Dr. 
Billings who is connected with the Nebraska 
E. S., has severely criticized various state¬ 
ments that bavA been made by Dr. Salmon 
concerning swine diseases. We have not 
taken much notice of the statements by Dr. 
Billings for the reason that they have been 
made simply in the form of violent personal 
attacks upon Dr. Salmon. When any scient¬ 
ist desires to convince the public that a theory 
is wrong he must at least be dignified and 
gentlemanly in all his criticisms. Our experi¬ 
ment stations are not organized for the pur¬ 
pose of providing the officers with a cheap 
medium for fighting out their differences. 
Dr. Salmon suggested that Commissioner 
Colman appoint a board of three disinterested 
scientists to investigate the’points of differ¬ 
ence between himself and Dr. Billings. Com¬ 
missioner Colman has appointed Prof. Bur- 
rill, Dr. W. H. Welsh and Dr. E. O. Shakes¬ 
peare. We hope these gentleman will settle 
the matter so that we may have an end of the 
controversy. 
Rubber Roofing. —Circulars, etc., of 
rubber roofing, roofiug paint, etc., from the 
Indiana Paint and Roofiug Co., of New York 
City. Rubber roofing, if properly made and 
put on, is practically indestructible. It is in 
many respects the cheapest and best roofing 
made for hen houses, barns, etc. aud for re¬ 
pairing old roofs. We would advise our 
readers to send for these circulars. 
Flowers and Fruit, From The Writings 
of Harriet Beecher Stowe.— This dainty 
little volume is published by Houghton, Mif¬ 
flin & Co., Boston, Mass., aud costs $1.1)0. In 
it one will find many of the bright bits of 
wisdom and humor that are scattered all 
through the writings of Mrs. Stowe. Many 
who have read Uncle Tom’s Cabin have never 
looked into another of Mrs. Stowe’s books. 
They cannot imagine how much they have 
missed. It is hard to conceive of one who 
could examine this little book without longing 
to know more of this woman who can pack 
so much comfort and wholesome advice into 
a sentence. 
Quaker City Grinding Mills.— Circulars 
from the Lagonda Manufacturing Company, 
Springfield, Ohio. The Quaker City mill 
possesses superior merits which fully justify 
its manufacturers in iaviting the public to 
compare it with other mills, it will grind 
any of the small grains, corn-and-cob, bones, 
oyster shells, bark, etc. The peculiar con¬ 
struction of the mill is very clearly shown in 
this catalogue. Send for it. 
New Jersey, E. S.—Bulletin 49 contains 
analyses and valuations of fertilizers sold in 
New Jersey. Farmers will want this. 
Experiments in the Apiary — Bulletin No. 
5 from the Colorado E. S. This pamphlet gives 
an account of a bee-keeping experiment 
which will probably interest Colorado bee¬ 
keepers. 
POST-OFFICE CLUB. 
The parrot perched on the edge of tho sugar- 
barrel last night and eyed the meeting. One 
would have supposed that this position might 
have sweetened his temper a little. It didn’t. 
He scratched his bill, rolled his eye and 
croaked out the same old story, 
“ Farmin’ don’t pay ! ” 
The late campaign left us pretty well filled 
up with facts and figures. As the tariff affects 
our farmers rather more than it does others 
we got a good many lectures on the agricul¬ 
tural wealth of our State. When the parrot 
began his croak, therefore, the schoolmaster 
was well prepared to take him right up. 
“You’re crazy,” said the schoolmaster. 
“The census of 1880,nearly 10 years ago, proved 
that New Jersey’s agricultural wealth was 
enormous. They say Jersey farming is poor 
business, yet hero we have the figures : 
Value of farms.§190,895.833 
Value of farm machinery. 6,921,085 
Value of live stock. 14,861,412 
Cost of fertilizers. 1,601,669 
Value of crops. 29,650,756 
In that same year, 1880—10 years ago, mind 
you—we had 96.207 horses and mules, 221,864 
head of cattle, 117,020 sheep, and 210,069 pigs. 
We sold during 1880, 15,472,783 gallons of 
milk, 9,513,835 pounds of butter, §806,090 
worth of orchard products, §1,841,863 worth 
of garden truck, §783,900 worth of forest pro¬ 
ducts and 6,686,flP2 dozens of eggs. We pro¬ 
duced 518,000 tons of hay and 2,086,731 bushels 
of sweet potatoes and 3,563,793 bushels of 
Irish potatoes. ‘Farmin’ don’t pay’ eh? 
What do yoi think of all this wealth then?' 1 
But the parrot only scratched his bean again 
and repeated: 
“Farmin’ don’t pay!” small pica. 
presents a novel system of 
photography. One aundred 
Instantaneous pictures maybe 
made by pressing a button. 
It Is a beautiful and useful 
Holiday Gift, and anybody 
can use it with most satisfac¬ 
tory results. 
Send for descriptive circu¬ 
lars. 
PRICE §*25.00. 
The Eastman Dry Plate and Film Co., 
ROCHESTER, N, Y 
This CELEBRATED RAZOR SENT BY MAIL 
If you want the best THIN HOL¬ 
LOW C1ROUND RAZOR 
that can be made, send us 
SI.‘25, and we will 
send it postage 
paid. 
Mention thi« paper. 
ALLING &. LODGE, MADISON, IND. 
IMPROVED EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR 
, Simple, Perfect and Self-Regulating. Hun. 
dreds in successful operation. Guaranteed 
to hatch larger percentage of fertile eggs 
at less cost than any other hatcher. Semi 
6c forlllus data. flKO. IL STAHL, Qnlney.UL 
Cheaper than Paint. 
CREOSOTE WOOD STAINS. 
For Outbuildings, Shingles. Fences, etc. Durable, 
Strong .Preservatives of the Wood Can be applied 
with a Whitewash Brush by any boy. In all colors. 
SAMUEL CABOT, Solk Manufactuukh, 
Send for Circular. 70 KILBY ST., BOSTON 
DOUBLE 
Breech-Loader 
$6.75. 
RIFLES S2.25 
PISTOLS 75o 
All k intis cheaper than 
elsewhere. Before jo; 
buy send stamp foi 
Catalogue. Addret. 
P0WBLL ft CLEMENT. 
TOVy -r 
ikpifl 
VjolMM; 
*ND PREVENT CHOLERA. CAPES ROUP - 6 
TRIAL PACKM.c ntfMlBM M.lutO’t fl A«t»»SPJJ^jT t 
iOuuuiteet No Hunjbug.cg^ batkel liHci WintalSuwpn J. 
n. RtCliLAtE ll l RfOULAKIR anoGOOD HEALTH ToltoWj " 
i 22 VABitTit 5 potaTirt TJBKTODvcja**> £ 
_IT . mrnrnTTPHTm-r. 
CATARRH, 
RHEUM¬ 
ATISM, 
AND ALL 
BLOOD DISEASES cured. A book (31 pp., J1 engrav¬ 
ings), entitled “ How to Curt Catarrh and all Blood 
Diseases,” Sent Free. Address 
IRWIN M. DRAY & CO., Montrose, Pa. 
COLORADO STOCK FARM 
At Larkspur, 40 miles south of Denver, on D. & R. G. 
and A T. & S. F. Railways; 2 24P acres; abundant 
irrigating and spring water; one-quaiter under cultfva - 
tion. balance graglng; farm buildings and stabling 
valued at $6,000; 22 miles of wire fencing; all or part 
for sale For particulars, address eiiher II. S. 
Hutchings, Essex Building, or VV. J. AchcHon, 
Times Building, Denver, Colorado, or William 
Dillon, En«i., Castle Rock, Colorado. 
i- mimic r.xuinu ion* anti 
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LANTERNS illustrating every subject A 
. , very profitable business lor a 
man with small capital. Best apparatus, new views, largest 
stock. 25 years practical experience. 170-p. catalogue free. 
GEO. H. PIERCE. I ;{<» S. 11th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
THE WEEKLY 
Courier-Journal 
—AND THE— 
R. N.-Y. 
The character of the Courier-Journal 
under the editorial management of Henry 
Wattkrson is thoroughly known. 
Both papers will be sent to any address, one 
year, for only 
S2.25 ! 
ADDRESS 
THE BOEAL BEW-TOBKEB 
34 Park Row, N. Y. 
$1 000 CASH FOB THE BEST GUESS!! 
^ Subscribers. 
A quart of yellow corn has been put into one of Mason’s quart jars, and sealed. The I 
measure is the ordinary quart measure, anil no one knows the number of kernels itl 
contains. The jar hus been deposited in the vaults of a New York safe deposit tom pa mv I 
and cannot be opened or counted until the expiration of this contest, Feb. 1st, I8K!) I 
The following 4.8SS Presents will then be given to the 4,389 persons making the I 
best guesses as to the number of kernels of corn the jar contains. 1 
LIST OF PRESENTS TO BE GIVEN AWAY? 
1 Present to the person guessing the eorrect number of kernels, $1,000 I 
J “ „ “ nearest the correct number, - ?50 I 
J making: the next best guet»*, - 500 
1 “ •* 44 44 “ 250 
& Rre'ents to the 6 persons making the next best guess, $10O each, 600 
IO *‘ 10 “ “ “ “ •* •• r.nu 
20 
50 
100 
200 
500 
8,500 
20 
50 
lOO 
200 
500 
8,500 
500 
500 
500 
500 
500 
1,000 
8,5b0 
4,389 Presents, - Amounting to $10,000 
nnuninnuc * —No guess »ill be received and recorded except from a person who becomes a sub- 
IfUnUI I lUlld * scriher to THE NEW YORK MAGAZINE, and sends FIFTY CENTS for a six 
months’ trial subscription. The 50 cents is ihe regular subscription price, and is in no sense a pav 
mentforthe guess, but for the maga7.ine, which we believe will be so interesting that you will become al 
permanent reader. The Jur will be opened, and kernels of corn counted und Presents uwurdcdl 
FEBRUARY 1st, 1889. Should no p rson t uess the correct number of kernels the Jar contains theonol 
guessing nearest will re. eive ihe present of S1.000. Should two or more persons guess the actual aumhe 1 
then THE ONE WHOSE GUESS IS FIRST RECEIVED WILL GET THE FIRST PRESEN 
OF $1 OOO, and the next will be entitled to the second, and so on. 
Tfl PI IID DJUCCDff —To those who desire to form clubs among their friends, we will send six sub- 
IU ULUD nUIOSIlOi scriptions for $2.50 ; twelve for $6; twenty-five for $lo; fifty for S20 Eaeh 
subscription to be accompanied with the guess in plain figures opposite the name anil address sent ’ 
This offer is made for the sole purpose of advertising and making known one of tlie most nomilnr nnhll I 
cationsof the day. THE NEW YORK MAGAZINE is replete with i he choicest literature of the duy I 
and contains articles of value and interest from the most noted nuthors It is finely illustrated of high 
moral tone, and the proprietors are deiermined and propose to sr****'' " 1 -- --'- K 
It in 100,000 American homes. As to our reliability we refer 
Park Row, N. Y.: Jos. B. Stilwell &Co., Printers and Lit ... 
Bankers, 129 Pearl Stret, Boston, or any comme’-cial agency through .he United States. 
Money may be sent by postal note, money order or registered let.or. Stamps in amounts less than 81.00. 
^Address: WASHINGTON & CO., Publishers, 9 Murray St., New York, 
CUT THIS OUT AND SHOW IT TO YOUR FRIENDS. IT MAY NOT APPEAR AGAIN. 
