1888 
848 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
water impregnated with foul odors or germs; 
such water will taint the product. This fact 
can not be too stongly impressed upon dairy¬ 
men. 
Milk designed for any use should never be 
shut up in tight vessels, and so retain all the 
animal odors and its natural temperature. 
The sooner milk is coolod, and well ventilated 
at the same time, the better it will be for any 
use. Every dairyman who handles milk 
should have a cooling room where the cans of 
milk may be set away from all odors, and in 
tanks filled with cold water, or with ice put 
into them. The Commissioner does not recom¬ 
mend excessive cooling; to cool the milk down 
to 45 degrees is about right. If possible it 
should be kept there until it is taken to the 
factory, or sold to the milkman. Cream will 
rise sooner with a lower temperature, but it 
is doubtful if the product is as good as when 
the cream is raised at a temperature of about 
45 degrees, or a little less. He would not ad¬ 
vocate raising cream at a temperature below 
40 degress. The cream from milk thus cooled 
down is thin and green, or immature, and 
must be given time to ripen, or to come to 
perfection. It must then be handled with 
care and bo kept under proper conditions of 
aeration. The surroundings must be pure, 
free from taints, and the cream stirred fre¬ 
quently that it may become well oxidized. 
This is a part, and an important part, of the 
ripening process, during which the full prop¬ 
erties of perfect cream are developed. 
British Agricultural Returns. — The 
complete agricultural returns for Great Bri¬ 
tain, with abstracts for British possessions 
abroad and foreign countries, have just been 
issueu. The following table, given by Brad- 
street, compares the figures for the kingdom, 
including the Isle of Man and the Channel Is¬ 
lands, for the years 1888 and 1887: 
CROPS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. 
1888. 
1887. 
ACREAGE. 
ACRES. 
ACRES. 
Total cultivated area . 
47,871!,81-1 
47,874,809 
Total perma t For hay. 
<1,m 
0,077,000 
neat pasture t Not for hay. 
20,818 211! 
20,021,079 
Total of arable land... 
21,178,587. 
21,175.040 
Corn Crops. 
9,785,400 
4,710.079 
Green crops . 
4,7211,181 
Clover, etc., under ) For hay .... 
rotation.f Not for hay. 
2,‘.184,788 
2,975,091 
8,014,588 
8,051,852 
Flax. 
115,795 
184,904 
Hops . 
58.491 
08,709 
Bare fallow. 
478,110 
498,992 
LIVE STOCK. 
NO. 
NO. 
Horses. 
1,980,702 
1,9.80.925 
Cattle. 
10,208,01*1 
10.089,900 
Sheep. 
28.9W.710 
29 401.750 
Pigs. 
8,720,957 
THE RURAL’S LUNCH. 
E. P. Powell, of Oneida Co., N. Y., in 
Popular Gardening, pronounces the Woodruff 
Red grape a humbug. It is not exactly a hum¬ 
bug, being large and showy. No one cares to 
eat it that is not,fond of wild Labruseas—that 
is all. The R. N.-Y. destroyed its specimen 
vine two years ago. Mr. Powell praises Her¬ 
bert as the best of all Rogers’s blacks. His 
favorite is Rogers’s 80. It ripens in mid-Sep¬ 
tember, is a light red, handsome, prolific and 
keeps well. It is meaty, tender and pure. 
Jessica is a “ miserable fraud,” lie says. 
That is about what the R. N.-Y. found It— 
an early good-for-naught. 
Plant Grapes lie says. They are the 
healthiest fruit in the world. For yield they are 
the bananas of the North. Cover your barns 
with them, your out-buildings, fences, rocks, 
stone walls, stone fences, and then have a 
small vineyard. Grow to wires, two wires 
fastenod to poles, about six feet high. 
Instead of calling Jersey cattle tender or 
lacking in constitutional vigor, Major Alvord 
regards them, as a race, at least so far as bred 
in this country, as rather above the average 
of cattle in hardiness. As a rule, he says, in 
the Breeder’s Gazette, Jersey cows come into 
profit early, are regular and safe breeders, 
and, treated as good dairy animals should be, 
they are long-lived, robust and productive to 
the last. 
The R. N.-Y. is glad to see that the more 
progressive of the farm and garden press are 
beginning to talk of the Paragon chestnut 
first brought to public notice in these columns 
several years ago. We have no doubt that this 
is a Jivpan chestnut. It is a graud acquisition 
wherever it will thrive. 
The strainer takes out of the milk only such 
dirt as is mechanically held, truly enough says 
the Prairie Farmer. It will remove hairs, 
straw, scabs from the cow’s teats, bits of man- 
ijre, etc., but it does not take out one bit of 
the filth that has dissolved in the milk, or 
steeped out of the filth that has been careless¬ 
ly allowed to drop into the pail from the cow’s 
sides, udder, and the clotheij and hands of a 
dirty milker. If the dirt is allowed to get 
into the pail, one may strain oqt a little, and 
swallow a great deal of it in solution. 
The U. 8. Dairyman says that there are ex¬ 
traordinary cows that ought to be milked 
three titpes a day—gnofl every eight hours. 
This would not only be profitable, but add 
greatly to the cow’s comfort. It would also 
stimulate nature to an increased How of milk 
to meet the extra demand. There would 
therefore be a greater quantity of milk. The 
quality would also be improved or, rather, the 
milk would not be so much impoverished by 
the absorption of the fat after it is secreted. 
Repeated experiments show that the longer 
the interval between milkings, the poorer 
the milk. If milked as fast as secreted, there 
is reason to believe it would all be “stripping.” 
Farm and Home says that “President¬ 
elect Harrison will make no mistake in mak¬ 
ing Mr. Woodward Commissioner of Agricul¬ 
ture. Such an action will be considered by 
the farmers of tho country as a token that 
the now administration proposes to give 
proper attention to their interests.”. 
The Vermont Watchman, in its news col¬ 
umns last week, reported the sale of a 250-acro 
farm with buildings, in Barnard, for$1,000. 
A New England farm at four dollars per acre, 
or less than the cost of the buildings! What 
is tho need of young men going West to 
rough it. or of people herding in the cities, 
with such opportunities so near by, asks the 
N. E Farmer... 
The following is from a correspondent of 
our friendly contemporary, the Ohio Farmer- 
“ 1 notice that the publisher of one of our 
prominent farm papers is offering premiums 
to ladies to engage in a potato-raising contest. 
Don’t you think it would show your public- 
spirited enterprise to offer premiums to men 
to engage in a bread-making contest? Grit 
may bo that ns an offset to the potato contest 
you might offer a premium to the man who 
should make tho best babv’s suit, or to the 
lady who should dig tho largest number of 
postholes, or split tho most wood! I only offer 
these suggestions for your benefit, thinking 
no doubt tho good sense of your lady and 
gentleman readers might bo clamoring for 
some such incentive to progress in the right 
way 1”. 
The R. N. Y.’s view is that women are nat¬ 
urally fond ot flowers and flower-beds and 
gardening of all kinds. We are ofttimes more 
indebted to them for tho bed of roses or mixed 
flowers; for tho strawberry or small fruit 
patch, or for the vegetable garden, than we are 
to the men folks. We would gladly aid the 
women to enjoy more out door life. It would 
lengthen their lives and tend to make homo 
happier for all hands. The suggestion that 
men engage in house hold duties, at least 
during tho slack farm season, has more than 
its ridiculous side. Many a farmer who passes 
hours and days of the cold season in compara¬ 
tive ease might well lend a helping hand to 
the overworked wife or daughter. We have 
not the slightest doubt that many of the 
women contestants will show the men by the 
results of this contest that they have lost hun¬ 
dreds of dollars by not giving more attention 
to the potato crop. 
Again, the same contributor in the same 
article remarks: 
“ I want to know what there is about that 
great self lauded “ Rural system ” of raising 
potatoes. What newly discovered secret is it 
for which thev claim the credit? All I can 
make out of it is that trenches are dug five or 
six inches deep and level cultivation is given. 
Iam sure there is nothing new in this, for sev¬ 
eral farmers of my acquaintance have pursued 
this practice for five years or more. What 
point have I missed?”. 
Wo have only to suggest that he read the 
“Potato Special”of the R. N.-Y., and read 
all that is there said as to the method. He 
will then find out what points ho has missed. 
If we could induce him to try the method 
thoroughly on a small plot next year, possibly 
he would be willing to confess that there is 
more in it than ho now dreams of. 
In planning your garden for next year, 
write down in a little book every good idea 
that strikes you or that you find in books or 
papers. It is a first-rate plan. Items of this 
kind trusted to memory, are often forgotten 
ere spring-time comes. Lay your plans now 
and keep laying them and modifying them 
until they can bo executed. 
Contributions to the “ Women’s Potato 
Contest” are still in order, friends The R. 
N. -Y. is anxious to increase its present list of 
souvenirs decidedly. 
The Mark Lane Express grumbles vigor¬ 
ously at what it calls “Another Snub to Farm¬ 
ers.” It appears that owing to the press of 
other Parliamentary business, the Govern¬ 
ment has decided to abandon the bill for the 
constitution of a Board of Agriculture, 
from which depressed British farmers hoped 
much. Tho Express points out that many 
other bills of much less general interest are 
being pushed forward, and it complains that 
this is so because “the Britisl} farmer has 
not yet learned to clamor.” It says ho will 
never got anything worth having until he has 
done so. How in it here?... 
In J^ugland and all over the continent 
O, 1 t ,,1H germinating powep pf this 
year's wheat crop appears remarkable. Sir 
J. B. Lawes finds by test that out of 100 seeds 
of his experiment wheat 00 se eds in one 
case and 08 in another germinated. Indeed 
fall-sown wheat, rye and barley Helds are ex¬ 
ceptionally green all over Europe. 
In view of the paramount importance ot 
sound feet in horses and of the great influence 
good shoeing has upon tho soundness of the feet, 
how is it that greater attention is not given 
by agricultural associations in this country 
to horse-shoeing? Frequently during the year 
English agricultural papers devote several 
long columns to accounts of horse-shoeing 
competitions in various parts of tho country 
under the auspices of agricultural societies 
or farmers’ clubs. Prizes of considerable 
value are offered in such contests. Who has 
ever heard of such a thing in this country ? 
Why not? While there are only 1,98(1,702 
horses in England, according to the official re¬ 
ports just issued, there are in this country 18, 
172,980, according to the last report of the 
Department of Agriculture; or rather there 
was that number on January 1, last. Is it 
because we have so much more need of ex¬ 
pert and skillful farriers that so much less 
attention is gi veil to their production?. 
Not only are skill and expertness in shoeing 
required of successful contestants in English 
horse-shoeing contests, but they are also ex¬ 
pected to know something of the anatomy of 
tho horse’s foot. Here are some simple 
questions put to the contestants in a shoeing 
contest lately held at Nottingham, to which 
the Mark Lane Express gives as much space 
ns would occupy oyer three columns of the 
Rural:. 
1. How many bones are there in a horse’s 
foot? 8. Name them. 8. Where is the hoof 
of the fore foot the strongest for holding the 
nails? 4. Where is the hoof of the hind foot 
tho strongest? 5. What is tho use of the frog? 
(5. How is the hoof attached to the sensitive 
part of the foot ?. 
How many of our shoeing smiths could 
answer these questions 9 
DIRECT. 
- Puck: • “It is strange,”’ remarked a Bos¬ 
ton belle, as she observed the shimmering 
silver birches, ‘that people will go and white¬ 
wash trees that are almost in tho woods.” ’ 
-“A CITY HALL BOOT-BLACK is the son of a 
wealthy Oneida County farmer. The father 
believes in making hay while tho son shines.” 
-Vermont Watchman: “I believe the 
liquid portion of manure, which commonly 
soaks into the ground and is lost, is worth as 
much as all the rest put together.” * * * 
“No man’s experience can teach him all 
that is worth knowing; therefore read, and 
get tho experience of others.” * * * “The 
best profit is in the best products. An after¬ 
noon visit to market will find the bent, meat, 
butter, vegetables and fruits all sold.” 
-N. E. Farmer: “We know of farmers 
who have the horses shod only in winter 
when sharp calks are needed. They save a 
considerable sum in a year besides keeping 
the feet of the horses in better condition 
than if shod according to the prevailing 
fashion.” 
- T. H. HOSKINS: “The only young farmer 
whose case is hopeless is tho one who scorns 
to learn, and is filled with the conceit that he 
‘knows it all’ at the start.” 
-Century Magazine: 
“ a baker’s duzzen uv wize sawz. 
“ Them oz wants, must choose. 
“ Them ez liez, must lose. 
“ Them ez knows, won’t blab. 
“ Thom ez guesses, will gab. 
“ Them ez borrows, sorrows. 
“ Them ez lends, spends. 
“ Them ez gives, lives. 
“Them ez keeps dark, is deep. 
“ Them ez kin earn, kin keep. 
“ Them ez aims, hits, 
“ Them ez hez, gits. 
“ Them ez waits, win. 
“ Them ez will , /cm.” 
-Our Dumb Animals: “ Whouevor a 
horse driven by myself has balked, I have got 
out of my carriage and gone to his fore-foot, 
lifted It from the ground and struck tho shoe 
a few blows with a stone or with a wrench 
(which 1 always carry in my carriage). I 
have never failed to start a horse in that very 
simple way, and I have, on several occasions, 
had balky horses which exhausted tho patience 
of all former owners.” 
-Hoard’s Dairyman: “ We would feed 
sour milk to a calf several weeks old, if we 
could do no bettor; but we would make stren¬ 
uous efforts to keep it sweet; and to that end, 
would never employ open-air setting of the 
milk.” 
——N. E. Farmer; “What would lawyers 
think Of ft law school with a boani.pf dirpefpre 
composed of three farmers to one lawyer? 
And yet some people wonder why the Ver¬ 
mont Agricultural College—managed by six 
lawyers to two farmers—does not gain the full 
confidence and sympathy of the masses of the 
agricultural community. But this is not the 
worst of the business. The men who put 
these lawyers in this position were the farm¬ 
ers themselves, who therefore have no just 
cause of complaint. The old fable says that 
Jupiter refused to aid the teamster stuck in 
the mud till he had put his own shoulder to 
the wheel.’' 
-Orange Co. Farmer: “One farmer is 
strong in one direction, another is strong 
where the first one is weak. So, when they 
put their heads together in the give-and-take 
process, it is easy to see that both must be im¬ 
proved. It is a dull farmer who cannot be 
benefited by attending farmers’ institutes.” 
-—Graphic: “An ingenious chicken-raiser 
near Pomona, Cal., has devised a way of pre¬ 
venting chickens from scratching up his gar¬ 
den. He crosses tho long-legged Brahmas 
with tho short-legged Bantams, and the result 
is a new breed of fowls with one long leg and 
one short leg. When they raise either leg to 
scratch they lose their balance and come to 
grief. After a few demoralizing attempts 
they desist.” 
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