24 
THE GEOLOGY OE Al'CXT.AYT). 
body, and the manufacture itself, if properly conducted, cannot 
fail to be remunerative. It may be interesting to you to know 
that the far-famed “ Bohemian Porcelain” is burned by means of 
brown-coal, from a seam of, in some places, 90 feet thickness. 
While stating the uses to which brown coal may be applied, 
I must warn you against thinking that it is suitable for steamers 
having to make long sea voyages. The bulky nature of the 
«brown-coal” will always prevent such steamers taking it on 
board when they can procure “black-coal.” But, on the 
other hand, its qualities as a gas-producing coal, as the above 
analyses show, will render it valuable as an article of export. 
I now come to another series of the older Tertiary strata, 
examples of which are found occurring in great regularity on 
the West Coast from Waikato to Kawliia. The lowest are 
argillaceous—the middle, calcareous—the upper, arenaceous. 
The characteristics of the first clayey strata are, a light grey 
colour, very few fossils, small crystals of iron pyrites and 
glauconitic grains, which give these clay marls a similaiity to 
the Gault and Green sands of the Cretaceous formation in 
Europe. They are found on the Eastern branches of 
Wliaingaroa, Aotea, and Kawhia harbours. 
Of greater interest and importance are the calcareous strata, 
consisting of tabular limestone , sometimes of a conglomerate 
nature, sometimes more crystalline, the whole mass ol which is 
formed of fragments of shells, corals, and foraminiferce , 
interspersed with perfect specimens ot terebratuhe, oysteis and 
pectens, and other shells. This limestone, when burned, makes 
excellent lime, and may be wrought and polished for 
architectural purposes. 
The beds of Limestone worked by Messrs. Smith and Cooper, 
in the Wairoa district, belong to this formation, as do also the 
rich fossiliferous strata from the Waikato Heads towards 
Kawhia Harbour. 
Picturesque columnar rocks of the same nature, looking 
almost as if they wQj*e artificially built of tabular blocks, adorn 
the entrance to Wliaingaroa Harbour; and the romantic 
limestone scenery, and the fine Caves of the Rakaunui river—a 
branch of Kawhia Harbour—are deservedly prized by the 
settlers of Kawhia Harbour. 
