EXPLANATION OF THE MAPS. 
71 
is the intermittent spring Koingo (the Sighing), the emission 
of water from which only takes place from three to four times 
a day, and alternates with the neighbouring Whatapaho. 
The above-mentioned springs are the principal ones ; on the 
slope of a hill, rising about 200 feet above the level of the lake, 
there are more than 100 places that eject steam. South of 
this steaming hill the banks are lower ; on the south-east side 
of the lake is situated the spring Khakaehu, with which are 
connected a whole chain of boiling springs, ejecting partly 
clear and partly muddy water from the swampy ground. In the 
flats are several small cold-water lakes, and in the back-ground 
rises a mountain—Te Rang! Pakaru (Broken Heavens)—on the 
west side of which, from a crater-like hole, there steams a 
mighty solfatara producing much sulphur. 
On the western bank, the great terrace spring—Otuka 
Puarangi (Cloudy Atmosphere), forms the counterpart of Te 
Tarata spring. The staiactic steps reach to the lake, and one 
ascends as on artificially formed marble steps, which are 
decorated on both sides with green shrubs. These terraces 
are not so grand as those of Te Tarata, but are more delicate 
and of a beautiful pink hue, which adds a peculiar charm to 
this wonderful formation. The basin of this spring is 40 to 50 
feet in diameter, and appears as a calm, blue, glimmering, 
steaming, but not boiling mirror of water. On the northern 
side,, at the foot of the terraces, is the solfatara Whaka-taratara 
—a sulphur pool in the true sense of the word, from which a 
hot muddy stream runs into the lake. 
There are about twenty-five large hot springs—or ngawhas , 
as the natives call them—at Roto-mahana. I dare not venture 
to estimate the number of the smaller ones. And Roto-mahana 
is only one point of a rent above 150 miles long, and 17 wide, 
between the active crater of Tongariro and that of the White 
Island in the Bay of Plenty, throughout which hot water and 
steam are ejected from the earth at innumerable points. 
These grand thermal springs have proved most efficient in 
curing diseases of the skin and rheumatism, so far as the 
experience of the natives goes ; and it is not improbable that 
in a few years Roto-mahana will be one of the most frequented 
bathing-places for Australian and Indian invalids. The 
map is the first that has been compiled of the lakes and springs, 
