EXPLANATION OF THE MAPS. 
to about 400, and that of the European settlers to 122, there 
being amongst the latter some twenty farmers with their 
families. About a mile inland from the heads is the township 
of Raglan. In 1859 it consisted of from six to eight houses, 
amongst which was, of course, a public-house and a store. A ot 
far from Raglan, also on the south side, is the Wesleyan 
Mission Station. Opposite, on the north side, is the Maori 
village Horea, and an old pa. 
The borders of the Waitetuna consist of a sandy clay marl, 
of a tertiary age, containing some, but very few fossils : species 
of Turritella, Isocardium, and Nation, also a Turbinolia, and 
some beautiful foraminiferoe. The hills on the south side of 
the harbour consist of many summits of basalt. Raglan is 
situated on a soft ferruginous sandstone, which is nothing but 
hardened sea sand. Opposite to Raglan, on the north side of 
the harbour, and along the borders, is a most picturesque lime¬ 
stone formation, consisting of tabular masses built up in 
horizontal strata. Washed and eroded by the sea, these masses 
assume the most singular shapes : towers sixty to seventy 
feet high, high walls, columns, &c. 
On the south side of the harbour is the Karioi mountain, an 
extinct volcano of trachydolerite, with a broad and numerously 
branched summit, which, penetrating far into the sea, forms a 
very prominent object. 
The Aotea harbour is an estuary which, behind its narrow 
entrance, spreading out into a shallow bay of a width of 
two to three miles, and a length of six miles, and which, with 
the exception of a few very small channels, is at low water 
almost dry. On the west coast is situated the Maori village 
Rauraukauera, and a Wesleyan Mission School—Beechamdale. 
Four European families and 270 natives were the whole 
population in 1859. Dieifenbach reckoned the number of 
natives, in 1840, at 1200. 
The geological conditions are simple and instructive, as 
the formations seen apart in the Whaingaroa are here placed 
super-imposed. They can best be observed in a high 
cliff, situated on the south-east side, and visible from a 
great distance, called by the Maoris Oratangi, which means 
that stones fall here with much noise. At the bottom 
lies a stratum of 40 feet of the same grey clay marl as that of 
