88 
COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
Fig. 54.— Stomach of the 
Porpoise: c, cardiac open¬ 
ing; p, pyloric opening. 
opening, leading into the intestines is called pyloric. In 
the Carnivores, Apes, and most odd-toed quadrupeds, the 
stomach resembles that of Man. That 
of the toothless Ant-eater has the 
lower part turned into a kind of giz¬ 
zard for crushing its food. The Ele¬ 
phant’s is subdivided by numerous 
folds. In the Horse, it is constricted 
in the middle; and in the Rodents, 
Porpoises, and Kangaroos, the con¬ 
striction is carried so far as to make 
two or three sections. But animals that chew the cud 
(Ruminants) have the most complex stomach. It is di¬ 
vided into four peculiar chambers : First, the paunch 
(•; rumen ), the largest 
of all, receives the 
half-masticated food 
when first swallowed. 
The inner surface is 
covered with papillae, 
except in the Camel, 
which has large cells 
for Storing up water. Fig. 55.-^Stomach of the Lion: c, cardiac orifice, or 
From this, the food entrance of oesophagus; p, pyloric orifice. 
passes into the honey-comb stomach ( reticulum ), so named 
from its structure. Liquids swallowed usually go directly 
to this cavity, without passing through the paunch, and 
Fig. 56.—Complex Stomach of a Ruminant: a, gullet; 6, rumen, or paunch ; c, reticu¬ 
lum ; d , psalterinm, or manyplies; e, abomasus; /, pylorus leading to duodenum. 
