150 
COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
Fig. 115.—Skeleton of the Tortoise (plastron removed): a, cervical vertebrae; c, dor¬ 
sal vertebrae; d, ribs; e , marginal boues of the carapace; £, scapula; k, precora¬ 
coid ; b „ coracoid; /, pelvis; femur; g, tibia ; h , fibula. 
Fig. 116.—Skeleton of a Vulture: 1, cranium—the parts of which are separable only 
in the chick; 2, cervical vertebrae; 3, dorsal; 4, coccygeal, or caudal; the lumbar 
and sacral are consolidated; 5, ribs; 6, sternum, or breast-bone, extraordinarily 
developed; 7, furculum, clavicle, or “ wish-bone;” S, coracoid; 9, scapula ; 10, 
humerus; 11, ulna, with rudimentary radius; 12, metacarpals; 13, phalanges of 
the great digit of the wing; 19, thumb; 14, pelvis; 15, femur; 16, tibia-tarsus and 
fibula, or crus; 17, tarso-metatarsus; 18, internal digit, or toe, formed of three 
phalanges; the middle toe has four phalanges ; the outer, five; and the back toe, 
or thumb, two. 
