56 
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
rately described, including the limestone rock, sinks, nat¬ 
ural wells, subterranean streams, “savannas” or “prai¬ 
ries,” lakes and hammock lands. A great savanna, believed 
to be one hundred miles in circumference, located in south 
Florida (presumably the Everglades), is reported (p. 124) 
as having been seen by Colonel Gadsden. The existence of 
a large permanent lake located by maps in the southern 
part of the peninsula (evidently referring to Lake Okee¬ 
chobee) is doubted. 
A paper by Charles Upham Shepard, published in 1833 
(182) is of interest chiefly from the quotations which are 
incorporated from Bartram and others, describing the 
springs of Florida. In referring to Manatee Spring and 
to a sink described by Bartram as “near Tallahassee,” 
this writer evidently confuses the present city of Talla¬ 
hassee with the ancient Indian village of Tallahasochte, 
which w r as located on the Suwannee River. 
A paper published in 1838 by Henry Whiting (205) 
contains an interesting description of Florida, including 
some observations of geologic interest. The coraline for¬ 
mations of the keys is noted, the shell formation of the 
upper St. Johns River is mentioned, and the coquina rock 
at St. Augustine described. It is interesting to note that 
at this date both the Everglades and Lake Okeechobee are 
referred to in doubtful terms. 
The next group of papers of importance appeared in 
1846. One of these, by John H. Allen (11), entitled 
“Some Facts Respecting the Geology of Tampa Bay,” 
gives an accurate description of the limestone along the 
Hillsboro River, together with a partial list of fossil shells 
contained in the limestone. Allen falls into the error of 
regarding the limestone at Tampa Bay as identical with 
the limestone of the interior, including that observed 
by him in central Florida, and that reported to occur in 
the Everglades. 
T. A. Conrad accompanied an expedition sent out by 
the Navy Department during the winter of 1842 under the 
command of Capt. Powell. The expedition visited the 
