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relations to existing species of the differe 
tinents and islands of the globe, are first n 
they commonly suggest the idea that the 1 
animals have deteriorated in respect of sizt 
more striking phenomena first and most i 
impress the mind, which contrasts, for e* 
the great Cave-Bears of Europe with the 
Brown Bear, the Megatherioids of South 1 
with the small existing Sloths, and the { 
Olyptodons with the Armadillos. The huge 
todon and Nototherium suggest a similar < 
with the Kangaroos of Australia ; and the t 
Dinornis and Palapteryx with the humble . 
of New Zealand. But the comparatively din 
animals of South America, Australia, ar 
Zealand, that form the nearest allies of the \ 
extinct species respectively characteristic 
tracts of dry land, are specifically if not 
cally distinct from them, nor have sucl 
species been more recently introduced. I 
land, for example, our Moles, Water-voles, 
Weasels, Stoats, Badgers and Foxes, are 
same species as those that existed when the 
potamus swam the rivers, the Hyaena, B< 
Lion lurked in the cawes, and the Rhinoce: 
Elephant trod the land. So likewise the . 
of small Sloths and Armadillos are found as: 
with the Megatherium and Glyptodon in 
America; and the fossil remains of species 
minutive as the present Kangaroos and E 
occur abundantly in Australia with those o 
vorous Marsupials as large as Tapirs and 
ceroses, and of carnivorous Marsupials as ] 
the Lion or Tiger. So likewise inNewZea 
find that the small Apteryx has co-existed 1 
great JDinornis and Palapteryx. 
There was not a particle of evidence ti 
species of bird or beast that lived during t 
cene period had had its characters modifier 
respect by the influence of time or of chang 
ternal influences. In proportion to its bul 
difficulty of the contest which, as a living or 
whole, the individual of such species has to n 
against the surrounding agencies that are ev( 
ing to dissolve the vital bond, and subjugate ti 
matter to the ordinary chemical and physica. 
Any changes, therefore, in such external age 
a species may have been originally adapted 
in, will militate against that existence in r 
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