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shows a diagram drawing of this plan. The flow of the cocks is regu¬ 
lated by having the one in the first pen run very slowly and gradually 
increasing the flow of the water in each pen. Thus all the troughs 
will be full at the same time. The pipe should rest on top of the fenc¬ 
ing about 2 feet high which divides the runs. This plan of watering 
can also be used in brooder houses to good advantage. 
FEEDING. 
The food of the duck is both vegetable and animal in nature. In the 
wild state it gathers its food from brooks and marshes, consisting of 
flag, grasses, small fishes, water insects, etc. When the birds are raised 
in confinement this diet must, in a measure, be imitated to-get the 
most satisfactory results. The duck has no crop, the food passing 
directly from the throat to the gizzard, and as a consequence the food 
must be in a soft mushy state. Too much hard food, such as grain, 
does not agree with these birds and they can not thrive on it. While 
some raisers use a small allowance of grain others do not, and it has 
not been proved to be of any advantage to feed it. Soft food is their 
natural diet, together with grasses, vegetables, and animal food. The 
proper selection of the food is extremely important to secure the rapid 
growth of the duck, and the ingredients of the food must be such as 
will afford a well-balanced and substantial ration. As a whole, it may 
be said that the rations used by the largest duck raisers are essentially 
the same, differing only in the quantities used in the mixing. Investi¬ 
gations show the real values of the food to be the same for producing 
rapid growth and early development. The duckling grows twice as 
rapidly and is a much heavier eater than the chick, and to produce the 
best results its food must be such as will be easily assimilated. The 
various methods of feeding given in this bulletin are recommended for 
raising ducks successfully. 
It costs from 6 to 12 cents a pound to raise a duck for market at ten 
weeks of age. The cost of feed is from 4£ to 5 cents a pound, and that 
of labor, etc., is from 4 to 8 cents a pound. It costs from $1.75 to $2.50 
each to keep breeding ducks a year. 
The three different methods of feeding ducks are as follows: (1) Feed¬ 
ing ducks for market (ten weeks old); (2) feeding young ducks to be 
kept as breeders; (3) feeding old ducks. The first method, for the sake 
of convenience and to explain more fully the composition of the rations, 
is subdivided into four parts, as follows. 
(1) From time of hatching to five days old provide the following mix¬ 
ture: Cracker or bread crumbs and corn meal, equal parts by measure; 
hard boiled eggs, 15 per cent of the total bulk of crackers and meal; 
sand, 5 per cent of the total of crackers and meal. Mix with water or 
milk, and feed four times a day. 
(2) From five to twenty days old, the following mixture: Wheat bran, 
two parts by measure; corn meal, one part; rolled oats, 50 per cent of 
