6 
THE DATING OF EARLY HUMAN REMAINS. 
and the position is consequently a difficult one, but until some 
positive evidence to the contrary comes to light, I shall rather 
incline to the view that Eoanthropus had not yet reached a 
fully-developed Stone Age culture, but that his principal weapons 
were still those of wood and bone. It seems to me most pro¬ 
bable that the first stone implements would be for the subsidiary 
purpose of improving those of wood and bone by artificial shaping. 
That the use of stone had reached at least such first beginnings 
is suggested by the nature of the cuts upon the worked imple¬ 
ment of bone to which reference has already been made. 
THE NEANDERTHAL RACE. 
Canstadt. There is some uncertainty about the origin of 
this skull. It is alleged to have been found by Duke Eberhard- 
Ludwig, of Wiirtemberg, in the year 1700 in association with 
remains of Elephant, Cave-bear, and Hyaena. It appears to 
present the characters of the Neanderthal race in the strong 
brow ridges and receding forehead. 
Neanderthal. This was a complete skeleton found in 1857 
in a cave in the Neanderthal, near'Dusseldorf. There is much 
probability that the deposit in which it was found is Pleistocene, 
but beyond this there is unfortunately no direct evidence to show 
its date. At the same time the characters of the skull are so 
remarkable that it has been taken as the type of the race to 
which it has given its name. 6 
Forbes Quarry (Gibraltar). This skull was discovered in 1S48, 
in limestone breccia on the north face of the rock of Gibraltar. 7 
If the claims of the Canstadt skull to have been found in 1700 
be not admitted, then the Gibraltar skull is the earliest discovery 
of the Neanderthal race. Again there is no direct evidence of 
its date, and the recent investigations carried out by Dr. W .L. H. 
Duckworth have not thrown any further light upon the matter/ 
Naulette. A lower jaw with receding chin and other primitive 
characters was found in the cave of la Naulette near Dinant in 
1866. 9 It occurred deep down in an undisturbed cave deposit 
in association with Mammoth and Rhinoceros, and its palaeolithic 
age cannot be questioned. 
This specimen has great historic interest, as it is among the n 
6 T. H. Huxley, Man's Place in Nature, 1863, 
7 A. Keith, Ancient Types oj Man, 1911, p. 121. 
8 W L. H. Duckworth, Jonrn.R. Anthrop. Inst., xli. 19 1, p. ?5o ; xlii , 1912. p. 515. 
9 R. Munro, Pi ehistoric Britain (Home University Library;, 1913, p. 60. 
