5 § 
THE DATING OF EARLY HUMAN REMAINS. 
from other localities we find it to be later than the Mousterian 
epoch, and that it passes down into the Low Terrace river 
gravels, which yield an arctic fauna and flora, as has been noted 
in the journal of this society. 
The section exposed along the eastern side of Bolton and 
Laughlin’s pit at Ipswich, where the skeleton was found, shows, 
at one end the feather edge of the Chalky Boulder Clay resting 
evenly upon the Middle Glacial sands below. Overlying the 
Chalky Boulder Clay, and continuing over the outcrop of the 
Middle Glacial Sands and down the valley slope, is found the- 
irregular stony loam of the Trail. Where the Trail overlies the 
Boulder Clay it is undoubtedly composed, for the most part at 
least, of decalcified Boulder Clay, and in order to prove this 
the Chalky Boulder Clay has been artificially decalcified and 
found to leave a similar residue to that of the loam of the Trail.. 
This is, of course, perfectly true to a certain point. The material 
composing the Trail is not a new creation which has come down 
from the skies ! But neither is it the product of a still decalci¬ 
fication of the Chalkv Boulder Clav without movement or re- 
distribution. The loss of bulk due to decalcification would alone 
be sufficient to occasion movement. But the sludge action and. 
churning-up of the superficial deposits at a time subsequent 
to the Mousterian epoch, has been very wide-spread. The 
Boulder Clay areas have undoubtedly been involved in these 
larger movements of re-distribution. In one of the channels 
of Trail overlying the Chalky Boulder Clay here, I noted, on 
one of the occasions on which I visited these sections, a washed- 
out pocket of sand surrounded by the characteristic gyrations- 
of material drawn out by sludge-action, just as one might twist 
round a piece of putty in one’s hand. This is just what one 
sees overlying a Mousterian drift. The skeleton was found far 
beyond the utmost feather-edge of the Chalky Boulder Clay, 
at the bottom of one of the channels of this stony loam which 
mantles all formations alike. 
That is to say, the skeleton was almost certainly an inter¬ 
ment, but in any case it was not found beneath true Boulder 
Clay, but under a stony loam which might be merely a local 
“ run of the hill ” of indefinite age, but which in my opinion is 
much more probably a part of the post-Mousterian Trail which 
there is some reason for identifying with the Ponder's End stage. 
