24 
THE ESSEX FIELD CLUB. 
of age to the Geological deposits. The evidence of a pre-Pliocene or 
earlier river-system is discussed. The pre-Upper Glacial age of the valley 
is proved by the position of the Upper Boulder Clay in the valley, by the 
buried Channel of Drift, and by the Glacial disturbance upon the spurs 
of the plateau, projecting into the valley. Evidence is adduced of the 
presence of a large “ ox-bow " lake at Sudbury, and the age of the “ cut 
off ” is discussed. 
Indications are given of the work required upon the post-glacial 
deposits and remains of Man in the district. A short account follows 
of the post-glacial changes in the history of the river due to subsidence, 
tidal deflection, &c. Historical modifications. Gradient curves, velocity, 
&c., of the Stour and its tributaries are added. 
The paper was illustrated by lantern-slides and drawings on the 
black-board. 
A discussion was carried on by Mr. W. Whitaker, F.R.S., Mr. Dalton* 
F.G.S., and Mr. Percy Thompson, and a cordial vote of thanks was 
accorded to Mr. Boswell for his paper. 
Mr. Arthur Wrigley gave viva voce some particulars of a “ Fossiliferous 
Exposure of London-clay at Chingford ” (printed in the present part). 
His remarks were illustrated by a series of specimens obtained in the 
locality, a set of which he proposed placing in the Museum. A vote of 
thanks to Mr. Wrigley concluded the meeting. 
THE 442nd MEETING. 
Saturday, 28th November 1914. 
The second meeting of the Winter Session was held as usual in the 
Technical Institute, Stratford, at 6 o’clock, Mr. S. Hazzledine Warren, 
F.G.S., President, in the chair. 
N ew Members.— Mr. G. Topham Forest, The Temple , Witham, was 
elected an Ordinary Member, and Mr. H. Norman Gray, F.S.I., 334 
Commercial Road. E., was chosen by the Council an Associate of the 
Club, under Rule xi. 
Dr. M. C Cooke. —The President announced with deep regret the 
death of Mordecai Cubitt Cooke, M.A., LL.D., Assoc. Linn. Society, &c., 
which occurred at Southsea on 12th November. Mr. Cole said that 
Dr. Cooke was one of the first Honorary Members of the Club, and had 
been the principal “Conductor” at the first “ Fungus Foray,” which 
was held at Loughton on 2nd October 1880, the year of the foundation 
of the Society, and for many years he was the leading spirit at these meet¬ 
ings. Mr. Cole added that he had already communicated to Miss Cooke 
suitable expressions of the sorrow felt at the death of this distinguished 
English botanist, who had always been a firm friend of the club. 
On the motion of the President these expressions were confirmed and 
ordered to be recorded in the minutes. 
Oyster Spat. —Mr. Walter Fox sent for exhibition, and for the 
Museum, a very interesting series of examples of “ Oyster Spat ” from 
Mersea Island. The fishermen said that spat had been lately more 
plentiful than for many years past. 
