THE ESSEX FIELD CLUB. 
7 
mountains. But the creatures which literally forced themselves upon 
the attention were the mosquitoes. They practically never left one while 
out of doors, and would bite viciously through stockings and even through 
the line stitching-holes in leather gloves. Specimens brought home have 
been identified by Mr. F. \V. Edwards, of the British Museum, as pro¬ 
bably a variety of Ochlerotatus ( Culex) nigripes, and closely related to our 
British 0 . nemorosus. Luckily they did not trouble one indoors. Birds 
were not very numerous, but a snow bunting feeding its young in the 
nest on the stony slopes of Xuolja was an interesting sight, as although 
this bird visits the British Isles in the winter, it never breeds here. Among 
the more noticeable plants seen were willows of several kinds, rose-bay, 
cotton-grass, golden saxifrage, campanulas, Polygonum viviparum, cloud¬ 
berry, Empetrmn nigrum, and Lichens in great abundance and variety. 
The Lichens obtained during the visit to Lapland were determined and 
studied by Mr. Paulson, and as most of the forms observed occur in Britain, 
his report upon them is appended. 
Both Mr. Scourfield and Mr. Paulson were most cordially thanked 
for their services. 
A large collection of the shells of ancient and modern Oysters was 
exhibited, which had been presented to the Museum by Mr. Alfred Bell, 
but owing to want of time Mr. Bell's paper on the subject was unavoidably 
postponed. 
Notes on the Lichens Collected by Mr. D. J. Scourfield, F.Z.S., 
during a Visit to Swedish Lapland, July, 1913. 
By Robert Paulson, F.L.S. 
These lichens were gathered chiefly because they were plentiful and so 
forced themselves under the notice of the traveller. They probably 
represent the more abundant terricolous and corticolous species of the 
districts visited. The saxicolous plants are scarcely represented, as the 
hammer of the geologist was not brought into play, for the expedition was 
not primarily arranged with a view to collecting lichens. 
Of those that have come under my notice, all but two of the species 
are represented in the British Lichen Flora. They were collected either 
near Jonkoping at the south end of Lake Vetter in south Sweden, at 
Ratvik in central Sweden, or in the neighbourhood of Abisko on lake 
Torne Trask in Swedish Lapland, lat. about 681 ° X. and at a height of 
from 1,100 to 3,900 feet. 
The list is as lollows :— 
On trees about Jonkoping Usnea hirta Hoffm. 
Xanthovia parietina Ach. Ramalina fraxinia Ach. 
On the ground, Riitvik Cladonia fimbnata Fr. 
Cladonia gracilis Fr. Peltidea aphthosa Ach, 
From Jebrenjokk 1,100 ft., Abisko, Torne Triiske : 
Cladonia fimbriata Fr. 
Parmelia Icevigata Ach. 
Parmelio psis ambigua Nyl. 
Cladonia pyxidata Fr. 
Cladonia macilenta Hoffm. 
Parmelia olivaccea Ach. 
Nephromium Icevigatum Nyl. 
Psoroma (Lecanora) hypnorum 
Ach. 
