THE 
Essex Naturalist: 
BEING THE 
3ournal of tbc Essey jftelb Club, 
EDITED BY 
WILLIAM COLE, A.L.S., Honorary Secretary , 
and 
MILLER CHRISTY, F.L.S. 
VOLUME XVIII. 
JANUARY 1914 TO APRIL 1918. 
“ 'Men that undertake only one district are much more likely to advance 
Natural Knowledge than those that grasp at more than they can possibly be 
acquainted with. Every kingdom, every province, should have its own 
Monographer.'’— Gilbert White, of Selborne. 
“ Things seen are mightier than things heard .”— Tennyson. 
[Tin- authors alone are responsible for the statements and opinions contained in their 
respective papers .] 
J&frafforb, %bmx : 
THE ESSEX FIELD CLUB, AT THE ESSEX MUSEUM 
OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
